Electric Vehicles Impact. How benificial they are in terms of Economical and Environmental factors. Comparison with Internal Combustion Emmision vehicles.

1. Electric Vehicles

3. What people THINK about EVs
• Environmental Friendliness: EVs produce fewer emissions and contribute to
reducing air pollution and combating climate change.
• Lower Operating Cost: EVs offer lower operating costs than gasoline or diesel
vehicles and fewer maintenance requirements.
• Range Anxiety: People are concerned about the limited driving range of EVs on a
single charge during long trips and the availability of charging infrastructure.
• Technological Advancements: People associate EVs with innovative features,
intelligent connectivity, and the potential for autonomous driving.

4. EVs in Developed Countries
• Tesla has a well-developed Supercharger network,
which makes it easy for drivers to charge their
vehicles on long trips.
• Tesla offers a variety of government incentives,
such as tax credits, that make EVs more
affordable.
• The European Union is planning to install millions
of public charging stations by 2030. This will make
it easier for people to switch to EVs and help
accelerate the adoption of EVs in Europe.

5. EVs in Indian Market
• Reliance Industries is investing $50 billion in the next three years in clean energy,
including electric vehicles.
• Tata Motors has planned to invest $1.4 billion over the next five years in electric
vehicle development and production. Tata Motors also plans to launch 10 new electric
vehicles in India in the next three years.
• The EV market in India is growing rapidly, with sales increasing by over 300% in the
last FY.
• The government provides subsidies on the purchase of EVs of up to Rs 10,000 per
kWh, road tax exemptions etc.

7. Is EVs really worth
the hype in India?

8. Factors: EVs vs ICE Vehicles
Environmental: The emissions reduction, air quality improvements,
e-waste, and the role of well-to-wheel emissions.
Economical: Total cost of ownership, upfront cost, operating expenses,
and long-term savings associated with each vehicle type.

9. Economic Effects by
Electric Vehicles
Cost of Ownership
Maintenance Cost
Charging Cost
Battery Replacement Cost
01 02
03 04

10. Data and Calculation
• Let the average distance driven by a vehicle in a year be 12,000 km.
• Assuming an EV range of 200 - 500 km with a battery capacity of 30 - 90 kW.
Therefore, an average electricity consumption of 0.2 kWh per km.
• Total Electricity consumption in a year: (12,000 * 0.2) = 2400 kWh
• The average cost of electricity in India is ₹6.5 per unit.
• Let battery replacement cost be 5 lakh Rs. per 10 years.
• Let the average subsidy be 1.5 lakh rupees.
• Let the cost of the vehicle be x1 and t be the time of operation (years).
• Total cost = x1 - 150000 + t * (2400 * 6.5 + ( 500000 / 10))
= x1 - 150000 + t * 65600
• Let be initial cost of EV and ICE be the same.
• Total cost for t years = -150000 + t * 65600

11. Economic Effects by
ICE Vehicles
03
Cost of ownership
Maintenance Cost
02 Fuel Charges
Servicing
01
04

12. Data and Calculation
• Let the average distance driven by a vehicle in a year be 12,000 km.
• Avg fuel efficiency: 15km/L
• Total Ltr consumed in a year: 12,000/15 = 800 L
• Let the cost of fuel be 100 Rupees.
• Let the total maintenance cost including the engine be 7000 Rs./year
• Let the cost of the vehicle be x1 and t be the time of operation (years).
• Total cost = x1 + t * ( 800 * 100 + 7000 )
• = x1 + t * 87000
• Let be initial cost of EV and ICE be the same.
• Total cost for t years = t * 87000

13. Effect on Environment
by Electric Vehicles
01
03
02
04
Positive aspects: Reduced
greenhouse gases, improved air
quality, lower noise pollution.
Battery manufacturing emission.
Emission during electricity
generation (depends on energy mix
such as coal, natural gas,
renewables).
E-waste scrapping and
disposal.

14. Data and Calculation
• Let the average distance driven by a vehicle in a year be 12,000 km.
• Electricity generation emission factor: 0.9kg CO2/kWh
• Assuming an EV range of 200 - 500 km with a battery capacity of 30 - 90 kW.
Therefore, an average electricity consumption of 0.2 kWh per km.
• Total Electricity consumption in a year: (12,000 * 0.2) = 2400 kWh
• So total CO2 emission: 2400 * 0.9 = 2160 KG CO2/year

15. Effect on Environment
by ICE Vehicles
Tailpipe Emissions: CO2, NOx, PM. Noise Pollution
Fossil fuel dependency
01 02
03 04 Fuel Extraction

16. Data and Calculation
• Let the average distance driven by a vehicle in a year be 12,000 km.
• Avg fuel efficiency: 15 km/L
• Avg emission factor for CO2/L by ICE: 2.3 kg/L
• Avg emission factor for extraction of petrol: 0.12 kg CO2 kg/L
• Total Ltr consumed in a year: 12,000/15 = 800 L
• So Total CO2 emission: 800 * (2.3 + 0.12) = 1936 Kg CO2/year

17. Final comparison
Electric Cars are a good choice if we think about their economics
although there are a few factors that may be concerning like
limited range, it takes a long time to charge, and their limited
infrastructure.
01
02
But when we think from an environmental point of view we can say
it is currently not a good fit for India because electricity production
also produces emissions on a large scale, especially in India where
the emission factor is high (0.9kgCO2/kWh) as compared to
developed countries.

18. Mathematical Modeling for Battery Degradation
WHAT NEXT
Monte Carlo Simulation
Machine Learning Predictive Models
Monte Carlo Simulation
Life Cycle Assessment

19. references
1
Emissions inventory for road transport in India
2
Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and estimation
4
Electric vehicles’ energy consumption estimation
3
Electric Car Battery Replacement Cost in India
5
Electric vehicles’ energy consumption measurement

20. Thank
you!