Describe the Internal structure of the Earth.

1. OBJECTIVE:
Describe the
Internal
structure of
the Earth.
(S10ES-Ia-j-36.5)

2. EARTH’S INTERIOR

5. SPELLING
TIME!

6. ASTHENOSPHERE

7. MANTLE

8. UPWARD

9. DENSITY

10. CONVECTION
CURRENT

11. OBJECTIVE:
Describe the
process of
Convection
Current in the
mantle.
(S10ES-Ia-j-36.5)

12. CONVECTION
CURRENT

13. COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH’S INTERIOR
CRUST
OUTER
CORE
MANTLE
INNER
CORE
40 km
thickness
2900 km
thickness
2200 km
thickness
1278 km
thickness
Illustration above shows the relative thickness of the different layers of the
Earth.

14. CRUST

15. CONTINENTAL CRUST
Si, O, Al, Ca, Na,
and K
35-40 kilometers thick
Less dense rocks - Granite

16. OCEANIC CRUST
7-10 kilometers thick
which its average
thickness is 8
kilometers
Denser rocks - Basalt

18. MANTLE

19. MANTLE
Silicate rocks
Extends to about 2900
kilometers from the
Earth’s surface.
Fe, Si, Mg, and O

20. MANTLE
Lower part of the mantle
consists of more iron than the
upper part.
The lower mantle is denser than
the upper portion.

21. MANTLE
Beneath the lithosphere lies the
soft, weak layer, made of hot molten
material. Its temperature is about
300 – 800˚C. Facilitates the
movement of the lithospheric plates.
ASTHENOSPHERE

22. SIMULATING
PLASTICITY

23. The ability of the
asthenosphere to
flow slowly.
PLASTICITY

24. QUIZ
TIME!!!

25. 1. What makes up the Lithosphere?
a. Continental crust
b. Crust and the Upper mantle
c. Oceanic and Continental crust
d. Upper mantle

26. 2. It is the ability of the asthenosphere to
flow slowly.
a. Convection current
b. Plasticity
c. Pressure Freezing
d. Subduction

27. 3. The thickest layer of the Earth.
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

28. 4. What element has the most abundant
percentage in the Earth’s crust?
a. Aluminum
b. Oganesson
c. Oxygen
d. Silicon

29. 5. Soft, weak layer, made of hot molten
material on the upper mantle.
a. Molten Iron and Nickel
b. Magma
c. Lithosphere
d. Asthenosphere

30. LET’S
CHECK!

31. 1. What makes up the Lithosphere?
a. Continental crust
b. Crust and the Upper mantle
c. Oceanic and Continental crust
d. Upper mantle

32. 2. It is the ability of the asthenosphere to
flow slowly.
a. Convection current
b. Plasticity
c. Plate tectonics
d. Subduction

33. 3. The thickest layer of the Earth.
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

34. 4. What element has the most abundant
percentage in the Earth’s crust?
a. Aluminum
b. Oganesson
c. Oxygen
d. Silicon

35. 5. Soft, weak layer, made of hot molten
material on the upper mantle.
a. Molten Iron and Nickel
b. Magma
c. Lithosphere
d. Asthenosphere

36. CORE
Subdivided into 2 Layers:
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

37. OUTER CORE
Fe, Ni (molten/liquid)
2900 kilometers below the
Earth’s surface
2250 kilometers thick
2000˚C temperature

38. OUTER CORE
The outer core is mainly
made up of iron and
nickel moving around the
solid inner core, creating
Earth’s magnetic field
(magnetism).

39. INNER CORE
Fe, Ni (solid) 1300
kilometers
thick
Iron and nickel are believed to have
solidified as a result of pressure freezing,
which is common to liquids subjected under
tremendous pressure.
5000˚C temperature

40. What tells us that the
inner core is made up of
iron?

41. Some clues that the inner core and the outer core
are made up of iron include the following:
 Iron and nickel
are both dense
and magnetic.

42. Some clues that the inner core and the outer core
are made up of iron include the following:
 The overall density of the
earth is much higher than
the density of the rocks in
the crust. This suggests
that the inside must be
made up of something
denser than rocks.

43. Some clues that the inner core and the outer core
are made up of iron include the following:
Meteorite analysis have revealed
that the most common type is
chondrite. Chondrite contains iron,
silicon, magnesium and oxygen;
some contains nickel. The whole
earth and the meteorite roughly have
the same density, thus the Earth’s
mantle rock and a meteorite minus
its iron, have the same density.

48. QUIZ
TIME!!!

49. 1. Miners dig into the Earth in search for
precious rocks and minerals. In which layer
is the deepest explorations made by miners?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

50. 2. The layer which is made up of molten
(liquid) Iron and Nickel?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

51. 3. Iron and nickel are believed to have
solidified because of under tremendous
pressure which is common to liquids.
a. Convection current
b. Plasticity
c. Pressure Freezing
d. Subduction

52. 4. A layer which is made up of iron and
nickel moving around, creating Earth’s
magnetic field (magnetism).
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

53. 5. How do you compare the densities of the
Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
a. The mantle is less dense than the core but
denser than the crust.
b. The mantle is less dense than both the core
and the crust.
c. The mantle is denser than the core but less
dense than the crust.
d. The mantle is denser than both the core
and the crust.

54. LET’S
CHECK!

55. 1. Miners dig into the Earth in search for
precious rocks and minerals. In which layer
is the deepest explorations made by miners?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

56. 2. The layer which is made up of molten
(liquid) Iron and Nickel?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

57. 3. Iron and nickel are believed to have
solidified because of under tremendous
pressure which is common to liquids.
a. Convection current
b. Plasticity
c. Pressure Freezing
d. Subduction

58. 4. A layer which is made up of iron and
nickel moving around, creating Earth’s
magnetic field (magnetism).
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Outer core
d. Inner core

59. 5. How do you compare the densities of the
Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
a. The mantle is less dense than the core but
denser than the crust.
b. The mantle is less dense than both the core
and the crust.
c. The mantle is denser than the core but less
dense than the crust.
d. The mantle is denser than both the core
and the crust.

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62. RESULTS
ANALYSIS
METHODOLOGY
CONCLUSIONS
OBJECTIVES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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01
03
02
04

63. You can give a brief description of the topic you
want to talk about here. For example, if you want to
talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
INTRODUCTIO
N

64. -SOMEONE FAMOUS
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”

65. AWESOM
E WORDS

66. VENUS
MARS
MERCURY
STUDY OBJECTIVES
It’s the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun

67. THEORY 1 THEORY 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System. The name
has nothing to do with the liquid
metal
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and is the
second-brightest natural object
in the night sky

68. VENUS SATURN MARS
NEPTUN
E
SCHEDULE
01 02 03 04
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a cold
place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

69. METHODOLOGY
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
Neptune is far away
from Earth
Mercury is the
smallest planet
INFORMATION
DATA STUDY
COMPARISON
THESIS
Saturn is a gas giant
with rings
AUTHORS
RESEAR
CH
ANALYSI
S

70. TABLE
EARTH
LAYER
DESCRIPTIO
N
DEPTH TEMPERATU
RE
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
100 km 1,600 F°
MERCURY
Mercury is the
smallest planet
400 km 3,000 F°
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name
5,000 km 4,000 F°
SATURN
Saturn is a gas
giant with rings
10,000 km 9,000 F°

71. 35%
40%
25%
RESULTS ANALYSIS
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
MARS
NEPTUN
E
SATURN

72. MAP
Despite being red,
Mars is cold
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Saturn is a gas giant
with rings
MARS
VENUS
SATURN

73. A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS

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75. MARS
SATURN
NEPTUNE
VENUS
CONCLUSIONS
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

76. Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
6,000,000

77. Is the distance between Earth and the Moon
Earths is the Sun’s mass
333,000
386,000 km

78. NEPTUNE
MARS
SATURN
VENUS
JUPITER
MERCURY
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

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● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
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“Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place”
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planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Neptune is the
farthest-known
planet from the Sun”
“Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings”
“Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet”
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