Thesis For Final Year Project-Riphah International University Islamabad. Engr.Muhammad Bilal Ahmad

1. Department of Electrical Engineering
Group Members:
M.Wasif 3035
M.Anwar-Ul-Haq 3031
Muhammad Bilal 2973
Supervisor:
ZOHAIB AHMAD KHAN
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
QUAD-COPTER FOR HEALTH
CARE PURPOSES

2. Introduction
 Quadcopters are also called multirotors, due to
having 4 or more small rotors instead of one like
the traditional helicopter.
 Some models have more than 4 rotors and are
called multirotors. As a general rule, the more
rotors a drone has,the stronger and more stable it
becomes.
 Quadcopter are used in almost every feild like
security , delievery ,3-D mapping.
(for health care purposes)
 X-shaped quadcopter which can lift some weight
near 50-100 gram as a medical kit.
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3. Department of Electrical Engineering
Problem Statement
 Several thousands of people die day to
day due to the time lag taken by the
Ambulance service to reach the accident
spot. In case of any accident/emergency.
 Flood or earthquake cut off land routes in
many areas. It is not possible to help
them by road ,to overcome this problem
the solution is UAV(Unmanned Arial
Vehicle).By using Quadcopter we can
provide medical kits and relief in such
situations.

4. Proposed Aims & Objectives
 To make a quadcopter which helps in overcoming
emergency situations.
 Design and implementation of UAV in structure of x-
shaped quad copter
 Development of quad copter which can lift up some
weight
 A prototype of an emergency flying air ambulance or an
ambulance drone which can reach the fatal cases faster
than a normal ambulance which saves time.
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5. Literature Study / Data Collection
Department of
Electrical
Engineering
Sr.No Title of
Paper
Summary Author Date of
Publishi
ng
1 FABRICATION
AND TESTING
OF
QUADCOPTER
PROTOTYPE
FOR
SURVEILLANC
E
Quadcopters are also known as autonomous
drones or remote controlled aerial vehicles or
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Nowadays
Quadcopters are widely used in various
applications like military operations,
surveillance, medical field.
MD. FAIYAZ
AHMED &
YEOLE
SHIVRAJ
NARAYAN
Jun 2018
2 Design and
Development of
Arduino Uno
based
Quadcopter
In the modern world with increase in the
technology there is equal growth in automobiles
which creates traffic leading to sound pollution,
traffic jam and air pollution.Quadcopter is one
of flying unit used to lift the object from one
place to another in lesser time or can be used for
surveillance purpose.
Vibha Kishor
, Ms. Swati
Singh ISSN 2249-
3115 Vol. 7,
No. 1 (2017)
3 Dynamics
modelling and
linear control of
quadcopter
PID feedback control algorithm is proposed to
stabilize the attitude of a quadcopter so that the
balancing state can be ensured in spite of
disturbances.
Pengcheng
Wang, Zhihong
Man, Zhenwei
Cao,
IEEE, 2016.

6. Methodology
 Transmitter and Reciever
 Transmitter sends signal to the reciver way a radio
communication.
 Reciever is connected to the flight controller,Which is
controlling all parts of the Quadcopter.
 Flight Controller And ESC
 The quadcopter’s flight controller sends information
to the motors via their electronic speed control
circuits (ESC) information on thrust, RPM,
(Revolutions Per Minute) and direction.
 The flight controller will also combine IMU, Gyro and
GPS data before signalling to the quadcopter motors
on thrust and rotor speed.
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7. Methodology
MOTORS
 Each rotor produces a thrust and a torque about
its center of rotation and these forces are used to
fly and move Quad copter.
 Two motors mounted on opposite arms of quad
copter are set into clockwise and the another two
anticlockwise.
 These orientation of motors and their direction of
rotation cancels all the torque generated given
the speed of the motors are same.
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8. Communication:
 We have used S4 mini 2.4 GHz
reciever and transmitter for
communication.
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9. Proposed Design Block Diagram
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BLDC
MOTOR
RF RECIEVER
FLIGHT
CONTROLLE
R CC3D
BLDC
MOTOR
ESC
BLDC
MOTOR
ESC
BLDC
MOTOR
ESC
ESC
RF
TRANSMITTER
Li-Po
Battery

10. Results
 Simulated results.
 Hardware results.
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11. Results
Simulated Work
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Motor 1 Motor 2
Motor 4

12. Results
Speed Control of Motor 1
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13. Simulted work
 The above fig shows how motor speed is
controlled.
 A POT is connected with controller for speed up
and down of motor.
 As motor 1 and 3 have same direction,2 and 4
have other (ie clockwise and anticlockwise)both
are working accordingly.
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14. Results
Drone Motor Control
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15. Results
Speed Control of Four Motors
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 M1
 M2

 M3
 M4

16. Results
Design Prototype
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17. Results
Design Prototype
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18. Results
Design Prototype
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19. Results
Design Prototype
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20. Results
Design Prototype
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21. Conclusion
 We have designed and fabricate Quadcopter for the
purpose of health care.The Quadcopter can lift weight
above 50 g also have a stable flight.The shape of the
quadcopter is X-shape that was required.
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22. Attained Complex Engineering
Problem Attributes
Sr Attributes Tick
2 Range of conflicting requirements

3 Depth of analysis required

4 Depth of knowledge required 
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23. 5 Familiarity of issues

6 Extent of applicable codes

7 Extent of stakeholder involvement and level of conflicting requirements 
8 Consequences 
Attained Complex Engineering
Problem Attributes
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24. References
 Kangunde, Vemema, Rodrigo S. Jamisola, and Emmanuel K. Theophilus. "A review on drones
controlled in real-time." International journal of dynamics and control (2021): 1-15.
 Sharma, VNV Aditya, and M. Rajesh. "Building a quadcopter: An approach for an Autonomous
Quadcopter." 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and
Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2018.
 Dhivya, A. Josephin Arockia, and J. Premkumar. "Quadcopter based technology for an
emergency healthcare." 2017 Third International Conference on Biosignals, Images and
Instrumentation (ICBSII). IEEE, 2017.
 Huang, Quan, et al. "Research and Implementation of PID Algorithm for Quadcopter Based on
RT-Thread." (2016): 107-112.
 Euchi, Jalel. "Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies
in healthcare systems problems." Chin. J. Aeronaut (2020).
 Kishor, Vibha, and Ms Swati Singh. "Design and Development of Arduino Uno based
Quadcopter." ISSN 2249-3115 Vol 7.
 Magapu, Prasanthi, et al. "Analysis of Quadcopter Technology as an Emergency Service."
International Conference on Emerging Trends and Advances in Electrical Engineering and
Renewable Energy. Springer, Singapore, 2020.
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25. Thank you
Any Questions ?
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