From its first use case that enabled distributed communications for US Navy ships to the autonomous systems of today, the DDS family of standards has enabled new generations of applications to run reliably, rapidly and securely, regardless of distance or scale. To commemorate the 20th year milestone, the DDS Foundation is creating presentations that highlight the 14 specifications in the DDS standard, along with selected real-world use cases. This presentation introduces some of the original use-cases and experiments, along with a brief history of the Standards. A recorded video of the presentation is available at this URL https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/12231/602966

1. DDS, the US Navy,
and the Need for
Distributed Software
Gerardo Pardo
CTO, Real-Time Innovations (RTI)
Mark Swick
Former US Navy System Developer
January 18, 2024

2. 2
DDS Foundation
Vendor-neutral, collaborative nonprofit formed to grow DDS usage
● Collaborative initiative with the OMG DDS Special Interest Group (SIG)
● DDS Users, Government Institutions, Researchers, Universities,
Vendors
Mission: Promote the adoption, interoperability and success of DDS family
of standards to a wider user community
Goals:
● Drive future requirements for the DDS standard
● Define industry-specific data models and adaptations of DDS
● Test vendor interoperability
● Provide industry education and resources
www.dds-foundation.org

3. 3
Upcoming DDS Foundation Events
● February 22 - Intro to DDS (Webinar)
● March 20 - 20th Anniversary Celebration
(Reston, Virginia)
● April - What’s new in the DDS Security Spec 2.0 (Webinar)
www.dds-foundation.org

4. © 2024 Object Management Group 4
Agenda
• Opening Comments
• US Navy technical requirements
• Creating a new technology standard
• Q&A

5. 5
Today’s Speakers
Former Principal, US Navy Project
that formed the DDS Standard
Mark Swick Gerardo Pardo, Ph.D.
Lead author of the DDS & RTPS specifications
CTO, Real-Time Innovations (RTI)

6. 6
Where it all began

7. 7
Naval Systems Characteristics (Circa 1980)
• Fault Tolerance
• No single points of failure
• Redundancy
• Determinism
• Fine grained control
• Predictability
• Physical Constraints limited:
• Scalability
• Maintainability/Life Cycle

8. 8
NTDS/Custom Processors/OS/Language

9. 9
Change in Landscape

10. 10
High Performance Distributed Computing
(HiPer-D) Experiments
• Large Scale Prototype of Naval Combat System
• Implemented a distributed reference architecture
• Instrumented in real-time for latency and performance
• Used to evaluate all processing aspects in different combinations
• Computers
• Operating Systems
• Languages
• Networks
• Middleware
ndds
splice

11. 11
Needs – Stakeholders
• Fault Tolerance
• No single point of failure; redundancy; graceful degradation
• Determinism
• Predictability; fine-grained control
• Scalability
• Add/remove capability dynamically
• Maintainability/Life-Cycle
• Open, modular, composable architecture
• Adaptability: OS, CPU, Network, Languages, Middleware
• Open Standards
Aerospace &
Defense Systems
Robotic & Space Systems Complex Automation
Systems

12. Established Technologies found Lacking (circa 2000)
• Object Centric:
• CORBA, Java RMI
• Message Queuing
• IBM, Microsoft, JMS
• Service Oriented
• SOAP, REST, ESB
• Established Pub–Sub
• Talarian, TIBCO
Not real-time (TCP based). Broker-based.
Mostly proprietary in API or Protocol
Targeting transaction systems
High-Latency. Server/Broker based,
Survivability & Deployment Issues
Not Real-Time
Proprietary – lacking standards
Broker-based
Integration Focus
Lacking data/interface definition
Limited QoS
Strict coupling, no one-to-many, Architecture has
Survivability issues (single points of failure)
Event Services implemented as server objects

13. 13
1
Foundation for DDS standard (1995 - 2004)
From the DDS 1.0 Standard:
“Prior to the adoption of the DDS
specification there were commercially
available products that implemented many
of these features (among them, NDDS from
Real-Time Innovations and Splice from
THALES Naval Nederland); however, these
products were proprietary and did not offer
standardized interfaces and behaviors. The
purpose of the DDS specification is to define
the standardized interfaces and behaviors
that enable application portability.”

14. 14
Needs – Stakeholders
• Open, modular, composable architecture
• Correctness: state consistency, reliability, ordering
• Supporting real-time, low-latency, predictable execution
• Ultra robust without single points of failure
• Survivability: Continue operating with available components
• Elasticity: Scale as needed; degraded least critical resources first
• Flexible, evolvable deployment
• Adaptability: OS, CPU, Network, Programming Languages
Aerospace &
Defense Systems
Robotic & Space Systems Complex Automation
Systems
Can’t “suspend” the
real-world
22 missiles incoming…
shot down 21
Single architecture
from server to edge
Lower Landing Gear -> Land

15. © 2023 Object Management Group
A New Standard Architecture was Needed
Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Requirements & Review
Technology
APIs, Protocols
Software Implementation
Process & Governance, User Community
2004 - DDS 1.0
2006 - DDS-RTPS 2.0
Gerardo Pardo,
RTI
Virginie Watine,
THALES, France
Hans Vant Haag,
THALES, Nederland

16. DDS: Shared Databus
Topic
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Topic
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DDS
DOMAIN
Persistenc
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Recording
Service
CRUD operations
Topic B : “Turbine
State”
Source (Key) Speed Power Phase
WPT1 37.4 122.0 -12.20
WPT2 10.7 74.0 -12.23
WPTN 50.2 150.07 -11.98
Q
o
S

17. © 2019 Object Management Group 17
Key DDS Standards
Open Modular
Architecture
Application
Portability
Interoperability
Security
DDS 1.4
DDS-C++
DDS-JAVA
DDS-IDL-C
DDS-IDL-C#
DDS-IDL-Py
DDS-SECURITY 1.2
RTPS 2.5
DDS-TSN 1.0
DDS-XTYPES 1.3
• Peer-to-Peer
• Qos
• Pub-Sub
• Data-Centricity
• Qos
• Request-Reply
DDS-XML 1.1
DDS-RPC 1.0

18. Expanding and Improving specification family
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Source: Real-Time Innovations (RTI)

19. TCP
DDS Specification Family
DDS v1.4
RTPS v2.5
DDS-SECURITY
DDS-RPC
DDS-XTYPES
Application
UDP TCP DTLS TLS
DDS-C++ DDS-JAVA DDS-IDL-C DDS-IDL-C#
SHARED-
MEMORY
IP
HTT
P
IDL
4.
TSN
Ethernet
DDS-WEB
DDS-OPC
UA
OPC
/TCP
DDS-XRCE
DDS-JSON
DDS-XML
DDS-TSN 1.0

20. Standards/Platforms using DDS
UMAA (Unmanned Maritime
Autonomy Architecture)
Tactical Microgrid Standard
Future Airborne Capability Environment
NATO Generic Vehicle Architecture
Navy Open Architecture
Connected Vehicle Systems Alliance
Defense Automotive Power
Healthcare Robotics
Transportation
NASA Robot Application
Programming Interface Delegate
Robot Operating System

21. 21
Today, DDS is deployed in 1000s of Systems

22. Q&A
www.dds-foundation.org/

23. Thank you!
www.dds-foundation.org/