Latex compounding ingredients and the each of ingredients explained short for your understand. I am sure you can get some idea about latex compounding ingredients.

1. Latices & Compound Ingredients
1
Compounding
Process
Latex
Chemicals
Compound

2. Natural Rubber
• Natural rubber is a polymerized form of
isoprene (2, Methyl-1,3-butadiene):
2
Cis 1.4 Polyisoprene

3. Polychloroprene (Neoprene)
3

4. Polystyrene butadiene (SBR)
4

5. Polacrylonitrile butadiene (NBR)
5

6. Compounding Ingredients
• Stabilizers
• pH builders
• Vulcanizing agents
• Vulcanizing accelerators
• Activators
• Anti oxidants
• Fillers
• Viscosity modifiers or thickeners
• Gel sensitizers

7. Stabilizers
• Surfactants – Potassium oleate,
NH4
+ laureate
pH Builders - to increase stability
• Alkalis
NH3
KOH

8. Elemental Sulphur
Vulcanizing agents

9. • Used for NRL and synthetic latices containing
olefinic unsaturation
Eg
• Polyisoprene
• SBR
• NBR
• BR
Sulphur addition 1-2phr

10. Cross-links
Vulcanizing agents
Monosulphidic
Disulphidic
Polysulphidic

11. Metal Oxide
Vulcanizing agents
Polycholoroprene –
Olifinicaly unsaturated but vulcanized with
metal oxides

12. Tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD)
Vulcanizing agents

13. • Used as vulcanization agent for olefinically
unsaturated rubbers in the absence of sulphur
or
to keep law sulphur concentration to avoid
sulphur staining with metals.
• Vulcanization temperature relatively high
(140 C)
• At low temp (100 C) vulcanization rate slow

14. Other rubber vulcanizing agents/
methods
• Organic peroxides
• High energy radiation

15. zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC)
Vulcanizing accelerators

16. Vulcanizing accelerators
16
Insoluble in water
Widely use in industries as vulcanization
accelerator.

17. zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC)
Vulcanizing accelerators

18. Vulcanizing accelerators
Insoluble in water
Widely use in industries as vulcanization
accelerator.

19. Zinc Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT)
Vulcanizing accelerators

20. Vulcanizing accelerators
Use as secondary vulcanization accelerator
in combination with dithiocarbamates,
Water insoluble
Has very bitter taste

21. Thiuram sulphides
Vulcanizing accelerators
Use as secondary vulcanization accelerator in
combination with dithiocarbamates,
Water insoluble

22. Activators
ZnO
Use as vulcanization activator
Increase properties such as tensile strength and
modulus
Water insoluble

23. Antioxidents
• Amine type
• Phenolic type

24. Phenyl-2-naphthylamine (PBN)
Anti oxidants
Amine type

25. Anti oxidants
N,N-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine
Amine type
Course discoloration or
staining

26. 2,2-methylene-bis-(4 methyl)-6-tert-butylphenol)
Anti oxidants
Phenolic type
Most commonly used.
Available as water
insoluble liquid or
powder

27. Fillers
• Added to latex in order to make it less expensive
and to stiffen the product.
Inorganic fillers -
Kaolinite clay
CaCO3
Bentonite clay
Silica

28. Kaolinite clay
Fillers

29. Bentonite clay
Fillers

31. Pigment
• TiO2
– The most effective white pigment.

32. Surfactants
– Wetting agents
– Dispersing agents
– Dispersing stabilizers
– Emulsifiers
– Form promoters and stabilisers

33. •Poly-acrylate
•Cellulose derivatives
•Alginates
Viscosity modifiers [Thickeners]

34. Delayed action gelling agent (Sodium silica
fluoride).
Heat sensitive gelling agent. [NH4Cl,
(NH4)2SO4]
Gel sensitizers