This study compares three structural engineering software tools (ETABS, SAP2000, and SAFE) for analyzing high-rise buildings. High-rises present unique challenges in structural design, requiring careful optimization for safety and efficiency. Each software tool has distinct features, and this study evaluates their effectiveness and accuracy for high-rise design. Factors like structural stability, load distribution, and design efficiency are considered. By identifying the strengths and limitations of each tool, engineers can enhance building safety and optimize construction costs.
Comparative study of High-rise Building Using ETABS,SAP200 and SAFE., SAFE and SAP2000
1. Comparative Study of High-rise Building
Using ETABS, SAFE and SAP2000
Supervisor: Mr. Twana Ali
Prepared by
1-Paywand Shakir
2-Ziyad Asaad
3-Ismail Mukhlis
4-Ahmed Karim
5- Mohammed Jalal
6-Rasan Nuradin
Prepared by: 1-Paywand Shakr 2-Ziyad Asaad 3-Ismail Mukhlis 4-Ahmed Karim 5- Mohammed Jalal
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2. Outline
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1.Introduction
3-Loading
2. Detailed Parameters of the Building
4.Modelling Of The Structure
5- Procedure of Modeling the Slab (SAFE)
6- Procedure of Modeling the structure (Sap2000)
7-Procedure of Modeling the Slab (SAFE)
8- Result and Discussion
3. 1.Introduction
1.1 About the Structure
The building we're talking about here is going to have ten floors
and will be used for people to live in. It's going to be built in
Erbil. The kind of structure it is called an RCC-Framed
structure, which means it's made of reinforced concrete. This
type of structure is strong and sturdy, which is important for
buildings that have many floors like this one. We need to make
sure it's designed and analyzed properly to make sure it's safe
for people to live in.
1.2 Analysis Procedure
The structure has been modeled, analyzed, and designed using
computer software such as "ETABS v21.0.0," "SAFE v21.2.0,"
and "SAP2000 v25.1.0." These software programs boast
excellent analysis and design capabilities, which have been
confirmed through verification problems included in their
packages. They operate based on the Finite Element Method
(FEM) and require the structure to be modeled using finite
elements
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4. 2. Detailed Parameters of the Building
2.1 General Parameters
Building Type: Residential Building
Location: Erbil
Site plan area: 445 m2
No of Storey: 10
Floor Height: 3.5 m (center-to-center)
Core wall thickness: 250 mm
Total Height: 35 m
2.2 Structural Parameters
Foundation Type: Mat
Columns: Rectangular (400 x 500) mm
Beams: (400 x 600) mm
Slabs: Two-way, 180 mm
Structural System: RCC Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
2.3 Material Properties
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Concrete Grade: M35 for all beams, columns and slab…
Steel Grade (for reinforcement): Fe420 (Grade 60)
2.4 Design Basis
The building is designed following the standard codes and
norms. The different codes used for the structural design are
i. ACI318-19.
ii. ASCE07-16.
iii. Iraqi Seismic Code (ISC-2017
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5. 3. LOADING
3.1 Dead Loads (DL)
1) Self-weight of the structure
i. RCC (beams and columns): 25 kN/m3
ii. RCC (slab): 25 kN/m3
iii. Steel: 78.5 kN/m3
2) Wall-loads
i. Wall load: 8kN/m for all beams storey 1 to 9
ii. Parapet wall Load: 2.5 kN/m for edge beam storey 10
3) Finishing on floors
Floor finished (SIDL): 2 kN/m2 for all slabs
3.2 Live Loads (LL)
Live Load: 3 kN/m2 for all floors and roof
3.3 Earthquake Loads (EL)
Earthquake load has been calculated based on ISC-2017.
Basically, horizontal seismic forces shall be considered for the
structures that depend on different parameters. Different
parameters for generating earthquake loads are:
i. Seismic zone: Z
ii. Spectral acceleration parameter at short periods (Ss): 0.6
iii. Spectral acceleration parameter at a period of 1 sec (S1): 0.2
iv. Importance Factor: 1 (for residential building)
v. Reduction Factor (R): 5 (for SMRF)
vi. Soil type: Medium
vii. Deflection Amplification Factor: 4.5
viii.Overstrength Factor: 2.5
ix. Site Class: C (Soft Rock and Very Stiff / Very Dense Soil)
x. Long period ground motion (LPGM): 8
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4.MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE
To model the building structure, we start by using software tools like ETABS, SAP2000, and SAFE.
4.1 Procedure of Modeling the structure (ETABS)
-Initialization Options
Display Units: Metric SI
Concrete Design Code: ACI318-19 OK
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2-Grid Dimensions (Plan) & Story Dimensions
-Story Dimensions
Number of Stories: 10
Typical Story Height: 3.5m
Bottom Story Height: 3.5m
-Grid Dimensions (Plan)
Custom Grid Spacing ⨀ OK
3- Grid System Data
-Rectangular Grids
Display Grid Data as Spacing ⨀ (Input the Grid data) OK then OK
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4- Define the Materials
-Define
Material Properties > Add a New Material Property > Ok > Modify/Show
Material Property Design Data
(Repeat for all material that you have!)
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4.2 Procedure of Modeling the Slab (SAFE)
To make sure the slab is strong and well-designed, we'll start by moving the slab plan from ETABS to SAFE software.
This lets us thoroughly check and design the slab, making sure it's strong enough and meets all the safety requirements
1- Export file from ETABS to SAFE
2- Add Story
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4.3 Procedure of Modeling the structure (Sap2000)
Modeling structures in ETABS follows the same steps as in SAP2000 because both software programs work similarly.
This makes it easy to switch between them and ensures that your structural designs stay consistent.
1- Define The New Model.
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5. Result and Discussion
5.1 Result
We used three different computer programs ETABS, SAFE, and SAP2000 for our analysis and design work. It's interesting
because each program gave us different answers, showing that they work in different ways. In our presentation, we'll show
you the results from each program and compare them carefully. This will help us understand which program is better for
different engineering tasks.
Comparing the sample of model for the structural analysis
1- Bending Moment Diagram (Live Load)
SAP2000
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5.3 Design Details
We finished designing using three different software programs. Now, we'll move the files to Revit for more work. In Revit,
we'll get detailed reinforcement info to finish our project. When we've gathered all the needed data and analyzed the
reinforcement, our work will be done. Using these different software together helps us work accurately and quickly,
making sure we deliver good results on time.
ETABS
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5.4 Discussion
ETABS is really good at figuring out how tall buildings handle strong forces like earthquakes and wind.
SAFE is focused on analyzing and designing concrete slabs and foundations, which are really important parts of tall
buildings.
SAP2000 is a flexible and versatile software that helps engineers analyze high-rise buildings. It offers many different
ways to study how the building behaves under different conditions
o The bending moment results for live load (LL) obtained from three different software tools for slab design vary due
to differences in their analysis methods and features:
SAP2000 (in component M11) Mmax=-3.6 kN.m/m
ETABS (in component M11) Mmax=-3.2 kN.m/m
SAFE (in component M11) Mmax=-3.6 kN.m/m from SAP2000
SAFE (in component M11) Mmax=-4 kN.m/m from ETABS
o The results for the axial force (LL) in the base column vary across three different software design tools.
SAP2000 Pa=-151.2 kN
ETABS Pa= -156 kN
SAFE Pa= -155.5 kN
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There are some questions about these three software design tools
1- Which software program is better for design high-rise building?
ETABS is mostly used for analysis and design of building, whereas different structures (i.g. bridges, tower etc) can
be modeled in SAP2000 while the application of this software is more for structural analysis than structural design.
Also, SAFE is a specialist software for analyzing and designing slabs and foundations.
2- Why should I use different software program for design accurate building?
Using different software for building design offers a complete approach, using each tool's strengths. For example,
ETABS is great at studying movement, SAFE focuses on floor design, and SAP2000 is flexible. Using more than one
program makes designs more accurate by looking at different parts of how buildings work, making sure they're
strong and dependable.
3- In Iraq which software program most using?
In Iraq, when it comes to designing and analyzing buildings, the top choice is ETABS, followed by SAFE, and then
SAP2000. People tend to think that if something is expensive, it's better quality. So, considering the cost of each
software program, these are the ones most commonly used for building design in Iraq [5].
ETABS 5500$
SAFE 4400$
SAP2000 2200