emergency responses in community and its care is incorporated

1. COMMUNITY
EMERGENCIES AND
RESOURCES

2.  Introduction
 Flood
 Earthquake
 Tsunami
 Fire
 Famine
 Role of Nurse in Disaster Management
CONTENTS
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3.  Disaster management is the creation of plans through which communities
reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.
 Sudden catastrophic events that disrupt pattern of life in which there is
possible loss of life and property along with the multiple injuries.
 Serious disruption of the functioning of the community or a society causing
widespread material economic social and environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources.
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INTRODUCTION

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Types of disasters
NATURAL DISASTER
MANMADE DISASTER

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GEOPHYSICAL
earthquake, landslide,
tsunamis and volcanic
activity
BIOLOGICAL
Disease epidemics and
insect/ animal plagues.
HYDROLOGICAL
Floods, avalanches
CLIMATOLOGICAL
Extreme temperature
drought and wild fires
METEROLOGICAL
Cyclones, storms/
wave surges.
NATURAL DISASTER

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Flood are the most common widespread of all natural disasters. Flood may
gradually or take hours or happen suddenly without any warning.
e.g. due to any embarkment, heavy rain, spring rains. The loss depends upon
the severity of the flood and its location.
FLOODS

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SAFETY MEASURES
.
 Beware of the area of your living
 If you are outdoors climb to a high ground and be there till it is safe
 All the emergency supplies are to be brought near to you
 Avoid walking through flood water as you never know the depth
 Turn off all utilities and electrical appliances
 Have a sufficient amount of disaster supplies in hand
 If you are in the car and you experience flood turn around and move
towards a safer place.

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SAFETY MEASURES
.
 Never move stalled vehicles
 Flood danger do not end up when water starts to recede again listen to
the radio or television and return back only when it is safe to go
 Examine walls doors and windows of a building before entering to ensure
safety as there are chances of building to collapse.
 Media can highlight the facts so that the general public may be able to
help flood affected victims.

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EARTHQUAKES
An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth
caused by breaking and shifting of rocks deep beneath the
earth's surface. It cannot be predicted hence, causing
massive destruction and losses.

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 In case you are inside the building cover under a
table, bench or against an inside wall.
 If earthquake is severe, crouch next to a large,
sturdy object, so that if in any case the ceiling
collapses than a triangle or space next to the object
will protect you.
 Keep away yourself from glass, windows, doors,
walls or anything that is at risk of falling
SAFETY MEASURES

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 If there is no table and chair than cover your head
and face with your arms and crouch down.
 Do not try to escape while shaking
 Do not use elevator during an earthquake
SAFETY MEASURES

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 If you are outdoor find a clear spot
away from buildings, trees, streetlight
and power lines.
 If you are in a vehicle stop the car pull
over and stay there with your seat belt
fastened until the shaking has stopped.
 If you are on a highway overpass exit
your car and lie next to it and not under
the car
SAFETY MEASURES

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After earthquake if you find trapped
 Do not Panic
 Shout for help
 Do not try to kick up the dust
 Cover your mouth with handkerchief
SAFETY MEASURES

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TSUNAMI
Tsunami is a series of waves generated by an undersea disturbance,
the wave will travel outward in all directions. During a Tsunami the sea
water is displaced with a violent motion and swells up ultimately
causing landslides with great destructive powers

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SAFETY MEASURES
 Keep yourself updated with the latest emergency
information.
 Listen to a radio or television carefully. If announced
and told to evacuate implement it without any
delay.

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 Never assume that one wave means the danger is
over.
 Remain away from the area until and unless safe
Never go to the shorelines to watch Tsunami
because tsunami as told earlier is not a single
wave but a series of giant wave.

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WILD FIRE
Wild fire are large fires which often outbreak in wild land
areas. These can be spread widely to populated areas posing
a threat to human beings wildlife and property

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CAUSES
 Lightning
 Vehicles (parking near or/on dry
vegetation)
 Yard waste burning
 Fireworks
 Campfires

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SAFETY MEASURES
Identify Is your area wildfire - prone region
How often wildfire occur in your area
What are the greatest risk factor.
Regularly listen to news on radio or
television, stations and act
Restrict outdoor activities when the
nearby wildfires

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 Never leave a campfire unattended. The kids
should always be 3 feet away from heat sources
 Keep instructing children not to play with the
lighters or match sticks.
 Never underestimate a small amount of fire
even after fire has been extinguished because
small fire can flare up without any warning.

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FAMINE
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several factors like
population imbalance, crop or government policies. It is usually
accompanied by regional malnutrition, starvation epidemic and increased
mortality.

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CAUSES
NATURAL CAUSES
 Plant disease
 Insect plagues
 Floods
 Drought Earthquakes
HUMAN CAUSES
 Wart crop destruction
 Inefficient distribution of food
 Poverty

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Weight loss in adults
Children have stunted growth
Increased death rate due to
malnutrition
Anemia
Reduced immunity.
EFFECTS

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 People should have the basic skills of growing,
tapping and storing food.
 Farmers should be trained to cultivate their lands
on a developed machinery.
 The prime aim should be storing food especially
dry foods that doesn't need refrigerators
SAFETY MEASURES

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 In case of famine outbreak, the first aider should
contact the voluntary or government agencies to get
assistance.
 He/she can also help in arranging food shelter water
for drinking, bread or staple food from nearby places
or through some voluntary agencies.
SAFETY MEASURES

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ROLE OF A NURSE
 To provide basic survival needs to the affected
population
 To identify the possibility of a secondary disaster
 To estimate the risk and resources in the
environment .
 To correct inequalities in access to health care or
appropriate well-being resources

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 To encourage survivors to participate in their
own health plans
 To respect cultural lingual and religious
diversity
 To promote the highest achievable quality of
life for survivors.

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 Adaptation of necessary nursing skills to disaster
and other emergency situations
 The nurse must use imagination and
resourcefulness in dealing with a lack of supplies,
equipment, and personnel.
 Evaluation of the environment and the mitigation
or removal of any health hazards.

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 Prevention of further injury or illness.
 Leadership in coordinating patient triage, care,
and transport during times of crisis.
 The teaching, supervision, and utilization of
auxiliary medical personnel and volunteers.
 Provision of understanding, compassion, and
emotional support to all victim and their families.

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