Colonial City

Colonial City
Colonial city and industrial life was very important to the American Colonies in the 17th and 18th
century. Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Charleston, as key trading centers, were very busy
before, during and after the war. These were a major part of the colonies. Boston was one of the
largest port cities. Boston had two busy coffee houses in addition to northern and southern mail
posts. At the bottom of its piers, docks were 1800 to 2000 feet long which allowed them to bring in
bigger ships. Boston was also one of the most fortified port cities in North America.(NHC) Another
very large and important city was New York. New York had several places of public worship which
catered to the multiple religions of the colonies. Compared to ... Show more content on
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To get the iron to the furnaces, it was shipped 50 miles, by boat, from the mines. The cost to work
the furnaces was about 120 slaves a furnace (Colonial Livings). In the beginning, "iron was
produced in Bloomery forges, a hearth in which iron ore was combined with charcoal and heated."
To fuel these monstrous furnaces to make iron required many trees for fuel. One acre of trees
produced about 30–40 cords of wood and about 4.5 cords were needed to make one ton of iron.
"One acre produced about 6.5–8.5 tons of iron." Steel was also needed in the colonies. To produce
small quantities of steel, used for blades and cutting implements such as saws, wrought iron was
reheated, to a molten state in clay pots with measured amounts of charcoal.(Penn
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Colonial America Without The Indians Axtell Summary
Native Americans, or Indians, as they were mistakenly called, have been the "pathetic footnotes to
the main course of American history" (Axtell 981). But James Axtell, the author of Colonial
America without the Indians: Counterfactual Reflections, would beg to differ. He says that instead,
Indians played a key role in making America great. James Murray gives another term to describe
America's greatness: America's "exceptionalism." Throughout his article Axtell makes many points
as to why Indians played a vital role in "American Exceptionalism". He even says that America
wouldn't have been colonized nearly as soon if the Indians were gone, because Columbus would
know he was not in the Indies and move on. So because they simply existed in the first place, Axtell
says they were significant in the history of our country. Furthermore, he says Indians specifically
played a vital role in the exceptionality of America's early economy, culture, and historical events
and places.
I never thought about how much the Indians contributed to the economy of early colonial America.
However, without the Native Americans "There would have been no maize or Indian corn, the staple
crop grown throughout the colonial period to feed people and sometimes fatten livestock for export"
(Axtell 988). I believe Mr. Axtell raises an excellent point in this statement. Without the Indians to
teach the early settlers, they would never have survived the harsh winters, and would have starved
and died out very

The Colonialism And Historiography Of The Colonial Revival
The Colonial Revival is a phenomenon that materialized as a national expression of American
culture from the 1870s to its peak between 1880 and 1940. The Colonial Revival was more about
ideology but most often manifested itself through decorative arts and architecture. Elements of
pseudo colonial furniture, arts and architecture symbolically served as tools to promote the
republican ideas of democracy, patriotism and moral superiority. In many ways the Colonial Revival
was a direct reaction to the side effects of Industrialization and progress. Ironically many times
participants of the revival used modern techniques as a means to accomplish their singular goal.
Historian Alan Axelrod argues, "Colonialism is not a surface phenomenon, a thin verneer over the
real body of American life, but a network of communications and linkages that reach deep into
American experience and behavior." Historians examine the movement from various perspectives;
the Colonial Revival as a social and cultural movement, its representation in U.S. material culture,
and its significance to immigration and nationalism. Scholarship includes everything from Alan
Axelrod's The Colonial Revival in America from 1985 to Briann G. Greenfield's Out of the Attic:
Antiques in Twentieth–Century New England from 2009. A variety of monographs and collections
of essays will be analyzed to determine correlations and points of dissent within the historiography
of the Colonial

Colonial Unity
The native Indians surrounding New England were very closely related in culture but lacked
political unity. Most of the tribes were subdivided into many bands. Each of these bands would
wage wars against each other although causing few casualties the defeated were humiliated and had
to pay tribute to the winner. These Indians were much less demanding from nature as they moved
between locations as seasons passed. As the New England colonists saw this they appointed
themselves to judge how much land they needed as they took the rest. The Indians did not
understand how this working expecting it to be an agreement to share the land although shocked
when they were arrested for trespassing. As the colonists kept cutting down the trees creating land ...
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Allied with other native tribes the colonists burned down a sleeping village killing those that ran out.
This shocked their native allies as they had never seen such casualties in a battle. As the Pequot
dissolved the colonists then decided to try and weaken the Narragansett encouraging the captured
Pequot to turn on their enemies. Unable to united the Indians bands shrank rapidly amongst the
growing population of the New England colonists. Soon Puritans decided to start converting the
Indians. To do this they created praying towns which for weaker bands provided appeal since they
had been gravely devastated by colonial assault. Even though these Indians were supposedly part of
the colonial society the were very untrusted. Plymouth later provoking another confrontation with
Wampanoag many of its warriors were outraged and took action attacking colonial homes. These
small victories encouraged many other bands to join in the fight against the Puritans. With Indians
now armed with flintlock guns the colonists no longer had an upper hand. The Indians destroyed
fifty two colonial towns leaving many colonists to retreat from the

Colonial Comparison
Colonial Comparison The thirteen colonies each governed themselves differently, with positives and
negatives attributes to each form. The three different types of government in colonial America were
royal, proprietary, and self–governing. The English colonies drove to create new forms of
government that worked best for them, and generated some of the foundations of our democratic
country now. Royal colonies were colonies where the King appointed the governor and governor's
council. They made up the majority of the thirteen colonies, seven out of thirteen. Virginia, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, North and South Carolina, and Georgia were all
royal colonies (Gordon, 14–18) with upsides and downsides. Almost all of the colonies

Colonial Identity
The English colonies each had their own identity/name. Despite having their different names,
religious beliefs, laws, and economic activity, the colonies all had one common link which was the
country of Great Britain. All the colonies had to officially claim their identities by getting a
character from the King of Great Britain, and all 13 were generally under British rule. During the
17th and 18th centuries the colonists began to make agreements and compacts regarding unification
to benefit the general colonial population. The colonies were striving to become unified with each
other, but some clones had different approaches toward unity that did not coincide with other
colonists beliefs. However, some colonies had the same specific reasons ... Show more content on
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The pilgrims said " we should combine together in one civil body politic, for better ordering and
preservation and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws ,
ordinances , acts, constitutions,offices from time to time as shall be thought most meet and
convenient for the general good of the colony." , which basically means that uniting under one
government and having equality will better off the colonies. The Inhabitants of connecticut beliefs
about unification were similar with the pilgrims beliefs, they said that "to maintain the peace and
union of such a people there should be and orderly and decent government established", which
basically means that having a good central government would keep the colonies at peace. On the
issue of security The William Penn, plan of union ,1697 that applies to the english colonies in the
north( Boston, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
Virginia, and the Carolinas)says that "two representatives appointed by each province meet at least
once in two year in times of peace to hear and adjust all matters of complaint or difference between
province and province...to consider the ways and means to support the union and safety of these
provinces against the public enemies." which means that the congress formed by the representatives
will protect each

English Colonial Women In Colonial America
The land of the freedom for new settlers from England and Europe was for many seen as an
opportunity to open new frontiers of prosperity, and land to own. The strong clash of culture,
customs, religion and language was without a doubt a challenge not only for new settlers, but also
for natives Americas in how to live from then on. English colonial women faced also this challenge
when some of the women were abducted by Natives Americans and some of them decided to stay,
due to the lack of rights, husband's oppression, illiteracy, the inequality of jobs and gender roles.
The lack of knowledge of how to survive in that new land, intensify the quest of how to use the
natural resources in that land for the colonists. Native Americas were whose ... Show more content
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Such is the case of Mary Jemison, who was adopted by the Seneca's tribe that later on she accepted
to stay and be part of them. Surely, she saw herself in a situation where she can do things, speak up,
that in the colony she wasn't able to do. "Work, she wrote, was not severe, nor were a woman's
chores any more repetitious than the chores that filled a colonial housewife's days" (Berkin, 61). The
behavior on some of Natives American tribes, differ from slightly from another, however, for some
of the colonists, especially the Puritans, considered their gender structure as deviant. Besides this,
Puritan's religious task doesn't include woman that give any religious speech in churches. Colonial
women not only didn't have any voice in church, but also in the household, where only the husband
took the family's decisions, Berkins relates. "...Christian women captured by Indians and adopted
into a tribe, often preferred to remain within a culture that degraded women with male tasks"
(Berkin, 60). Consequently, many of these colonial women made this choice due the difference in
gender roles in English colonial society. Besides this, the heavy burden the women had on their
shoulders, the constant abuse from her husband was a fact to the women decide to stay there cope
with their children. Most of the colonial women find in captivity the opportunity of develop better as
respectful business women, having a better social happy place at Natives tribes. Eventually great
part of women's population in 17 th century was slow moving toward equally rights, but reaching
the deserved path into men's world becoming in a pioneer women to future

Colonial America
During 1607–1753, Colonial America was founded. Starting on 1492, when Christopher Columbus
discovered land beyond the England, people were launched into a new life. A group of puritans
departed from England to escape the growing stress of the English government. Searching for
freedom, in both religion and government, they sailed towards America. Their main goal was not
only to start e new life, but also to convert the savages; "Indians." With this move they experienced
many difficulties. Upon starting a new life, they had to learn a new way of political life, social life,
educational life, and above all religious lives.
Today the controversy of the importance of Christianity to the colonists in the years preceding the
American Revolution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It became to be known as "the little Bible" because religious instruction was integrated into the
grammar lessons. The eighty–page book taught the alphabet as well as moral and spiritual
principles. After graduating from high school, you could go to college. However, in order to be
accepted, there were strict requirements that one had to follow. Every student should be "able to
read, construe, and parse Tully, Virgil, and the Greek NT; and to write true Latin in prose and to
understand common arithmetic." Nevertheless, not only will they have to accomplish all these, but
they also have to live a religious, blameless life in God. Every student was forced to constantly pray
in the school hallways every morning and evening; as well as read a passage of scripture. The
professors were to take turns preaching from God's Word in the halls. Additionally, if any student
were to act rudely or profane the Sabbath, they would be harshly disciplined. Unfortunately, the
government governed even their schools strictly. Colonial America's social life was probably the
most interesting aspect of their new lives. They had two main laws by which to live by; The Moral
Law and the Law of Grace. According to the Moral Law, every man was to love his neighbor, and
help in times of want or distress. However the Law of Grace, calls men to put a difference between
Christians and others.

Analysis of Jules Ferry's Argument on French Colonial...
Analysis of Jules Ferry's argument on French Colonial Expansion 1884
The industrial revolution was not only a time of great advancement for the west but was equally
troubling for the European countries, especially that of France. Jules Ferry, a French statesmen
recognized a need for expansion and took it upon himself to go in front of French parliament to
argue his position of the need for French colonial expansion. The arguments he made in support of
his country were of economical, humanitarian, and patriotic views.
The first of these arguments was economical in nature. Ferry felt it urgent to expand the French
colonies because he recognized a change in foreign economic strategies that would directly affect
France. He saw that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believed that Ferry wanted to take these small underdeveloped African and Asian countries by
force and use them for colonial expansion. I don't believe that his critics liked the idea of forcing
expansion. I think that Ferry's reasoning were more humanitarian in nature. He wanted to develop
and educate these countries and by doing this for them it would create new markets for France. He
also justifies his remarks by saying that they will never become great by being do nothing people.
He said that to be great that they had to act and that the choices they made would decide how great
they could become.
Ferry's last argument was that of patriotism. Ferry was a patriot, a countryman if you will. He
believed that his country was great but could be greater. This is why his last argument was on the
defense of his country A country should be as self sufficient as possible when it comes to its national
defense, and so to compete with the military and naval expansion of rival nations it would only be
logical to make a move that would strengthen military forces. Ferry expressed a need for safe
harbors, defenses, and supply centers for naval ships. Ferry uses an example of a war ship and talks
about the fact that regardless of how perfect the war ship is designed that it cannot carry more than
two week of coal. Ferry understood that it was an essential move for strengthening and extending
the reach of

Status of Women in Colonial Society
Mariama Bessane Professor Perine James American History 1151– Essay #1 Jan 7th,2016 Status of
Women in Colonial Society Women were always considered inferior to men since day one. That
belief had been existing until the eighteen century. During that period, English Colonists brought to
America their ideologies with them. Women did not have the same rights as men did during that
time. Women were tied in a leash, kept in the dark, and controlled by society. Life wasn't easy for
them. They were not allowed to express their opinions, and if they did, they would be called wicked
or evil and be negatively judged by society. During the colonial era, women played an important, if
restricted role in work and religious life. During the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Working in farmlands was not an easy task to do, but tobacco became the king of the lands and
every hand was useful in order to cultivate it. Women were needed to work the lands no matter how
fatiguing it was, and the only way they were able to make the journey through the colonies was to be
in a contract as indentured servants. "The name derived from the indenture, or contract, by which a
person promised to work for a fixed number of years in return for transportation to America"
(America 75.) Working the land in the sizzling sun caused many servants to die from disease. Those
who survived and completed their indentured contract could marry and even have lands with their
husbands. Despite the restrictions put on women, the insufficiency of work created opportunities.
Women in the city were able to have different lives from those living in farms. In the city, women
could socialize with other women. Outside their home, and family, they were allowed to associate
themselves with other women, and have their own "women time" without being bothered by
husbands or children. For example, in the city, women could work outside their home as "tavern
hostesses, and shopkeepers and sometimes also worked as nurses, painters, printers, upholsterers,
silversmiths, and tanners."(America 71) Generally speaking, women in the city had a better life than
those who lived on the farms. Women were not only active in working lands and taking care of

Colonial Women In Colonial America
Colonial women in America suffered considerable oppression by society. Life in colonial America
was difficult. Women had to be resilient, brave, hardworking and above all else, subservient to her
husband. It was tradition and the law. Most certainly, this tradition was the reason some women
captured by Native Indians, chose to stay within Native societies. Or when returned to their homes,
chose return to them.
Society believed women inferior to men. They were considered property of their fathers until
marriage and once married, all her personal possessions became her husband. Women often married
young to men significantly older then themselves and bore children very soon after marriage. Carol
Berkin explains in her book "First Generations: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They played just as important of a role as men within their societies. Men and women worked
alongside each other to plant food and shared authority in the Algonquin tribe. Mary Jemison wrote,
"work was not severe, nor were woman's chores any more repetitious than that of the chores that
filled a colonial housewife's days. Household duties were simple and Seneca women, unlike English
wives and daughters, were not slaves to the spinning wheel or the needle" (61). Marriage in Indian
tribes was Women even had a voice in politics and were included in religious ceremonies. Women in
colonial times were so oppressed they most likely stayed with their Indian captures in a community
where they could be

The Early Colonial Cases In The Colonial Era
In early colonial cases involving sentencing, the judges and or juries were more lenient towards
white offenders more than black offenders of whom were slaves at the time. The punishments of the
colonial era emulated English practices with ties to biblical references. Four cases illustrated the
discrepancies involving slaves receiving harsher punishments compared to their white counterparts.
In Virginia, the case of Re Davis (1630), where a white male, Hugh Davis, "violated the law by
sleeping with a Black woman, [with] a sentence of penance on the next Sabbath day" (Gabbidon &
Greene, 2015, pg. 182). Within the society of the time, a class bias is already formed between the
superior races and inferior races. A second case involving another

Life in Colonial America
During colonial times life would not have been anything like it is today. They would not have a cell
phone, computer or a global positioning system. The family would wake up to begin their day with
chores depending on their sex, location, age and, the families' social class. Families were large for
various reasons – help on the farm, most children died before the age of five. Childbirth was
extremely dangerous for women of the day. Doctors did not deliver infants. That job belonged to
midwives. Today women would have an epidural for pain. Back then woman would bite a stick or
follow the old wives' tales such as placing a knife under the bed to cut the pain. After the birth,
depending on the family's wealth, they would feast to help the mother regain her strength. The
mother would rest for three to four weeks before returning to her duties as a wife and mother.
Someone from a lower social standing would only rest two or three days at most before returning to
her daily work. The infant would be dressed in swaddling gowns then later in dresses. Infants and
toddlers would wear dresses and long gowns until the age of five regardless of their sex. At the age
of five, girls would begin learning how to cook and sew among other household chores. Boys would
also begin chores, following their father and other men's example around the farm. If they came
from a wealthy family, then a tutor would teach the child. Females who were highly educated had a
difficult time

Historical Perspectives On The Colonial Revival In...
"Whatever is new, Is bad": Historical Perspectives on the Colonial Revival in Progressive Era
America
The Colonial Revival is a phenomenon that materialized as a national expression of
American culture from the 1870s to its peak between 1880 and 1940. The Colonial Revival was
more about ideology, but most often manifested itself through decorative arts and architecture.
Elements of pseudo colonial furniture, arts and architecture symbolically served as tools to
promote the republican ideas of democracy, patriotism and moral superiority.
In many ways the Colonial Revival was a direct reaction to the side effects of
Industrialization and progress. Ironically, frequently participants of the revival used modern
techniques as a means to accomplish their singular goal. Historian Alan Axelrod argues,
"Colonialism is not a surface phenomenon, a thin veneer over the real body of American life,
but a network of communications and linkages that reach deep into American experience and
behavior."
Historians examine the movement from various perspectives; the Colonial Revival as a
social and cultural movement, its representation in U.S. material culture, and its significance to
immigration and nationalism. Scholarship includes everything from Alan Axelrod's The
Colonial Revival in America from 1985 to Briann G. Greenfield's Out of the Attic: Antiques in
Twentieth–Century New England from 2009. A variety of monographs and collections of essays

will be analyzed to determine correlations and points of dissent within the historiography of the
Colonial Revival in the United States.
The Colonial Revival has also been a popular area of examination in the museum
community as evidenced by Geoffrey Rossano's Creating a Dignified Past: Museums and the
Colonial Revival and Thomas Denenberg's Wallace Nutting and the Invention of Old America in
particular, with sections devoted to museums treatment of the phenomenon in other readings.
Rossano's collection of essays examines the impact of the Colonial Revival on the museum
profession. Thomas Denenberg himself is a curator of the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art
and his monograph Wallace Nutting's Invention of Old America served as a

Development Of Hybrid Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture is a combination architectural style of a country that has been adapted from the
other countries characteristics, methods and influences. The colonists built settlements and create
hybrid designs that include their countries of origin with the design styles. Europeans came to
Southeast Asia during 16th century. The colonial vision was effectively imposed on Southeast Asia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the Southeast Asia countries were controlled by the
British, Dutch, French and the Americans. Under this colonial rule, the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was a period of fast development of such as new architectural styles, modern construction
methods and techniques, railways, roads, etc. They changed the configurations, construction and
methods to make the buildings more sustainable and maintained.
This essay focuses on the development of hybrid colonial architecture in early 20th century in
Southeast Asia. The essay investigates the different styles of buildings in different locations and
explains how these types of architecture combined both European and local origins. It explains the
Dutch style in Indonesia and the British style in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia while
giving an example building to these styles.
–The Dutch style in East Indies/Indonesia: The church at Puhsarang
–The British

Bacon's Rebellion Essay
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon rebelled and held a revolt in Colonial Virginia. High taxes, low prices for
tobacco, and resentment against special privileges given those close to the governor, Sir William
Berkeley, provided the background for the uprising. These factors made the rebellion inevitable. All
of the chaos was precipitated by Governor Berkeley's failure to defend the frontier against attacks by
Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized but successful expeditions against the
tribes and was then elected to the new House of Burgesses, which Berkeley had been forced to
convene. Berkeley then sent out a warrant for his arrest and Bacon was put in jail. Bacon soon was
released and he immediately gathered his supporters, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, closer to home, there were many problems caused by the crazy weather. The constantly
changing weather left the colony and colonists in chaos. Hailstorms, floods, dry spells, and
hurricanes rocked the colony during one year and had a damaging effect on the colonists. Inevitably,
these difficulties encouraged the colonists to find a scapegoat. They needed to find something to
vent their frustrations and place the blame for their misfortunes. With the immense frustration and
anger among the colonists, they began to scapegoat the local Indians. To ward off future attacks and
to control the situation, Governor Berkeley instigated the matter. He set up what was to be a
disastrous meeting between the parties, which resulted in the murders of several tribal chiefs. In the
meantime, Berkeley continually pleaded for restraint from the colonists. Some, including Nathaniel
Bacon, refused to listen. Bacon disregarded the Governor's direct orders by seizing some friendly
Appomattox Indians for "stealing" corn. Berkeley scolded him, which caused the disgruntled
Virginians to wonder which man had taken the right action. Significantly, Berkeley could not
compromise earning resentment from about 1,000 Virginians. They fiercely resented Governor
Berkeley for his policies toward the Indians. When Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of
savage Indians on frontier settlements after monopolization of fur trade, the

The Colonial Settlements
An extremely important era in the history of America was the Colonial Settlements. During this time
Spain had most of the control of the recently founded land in America and controlled many ports
along the coast. Although Spain controlled most of the land, they were only looking for resources as
was France. The English were also in the New World but they were focused more on establishing
settlements than exploiting new resources. The English's first settlement failed at Roanoke Island.
The next settlement was the colony at Jamestown, Virginia and it became known as one of the first
permanent settlements in America, ran by John Smith. This colony was sponsored by the Virginia
Company of London which was composed of a group of investors. The

Historical Perspectives On The Colonial Revival In...
Whatever is new, Is bad : Historical Perspectives on the Colonial Revival in Progressive Era
America The Colonial Revival is a phenomenon that materialized as a national expression of
American culture from the 1870s to the 1940s. Though founded on ideological traditions, it most
often manifested itself through decorative arts and architecture. Elements of revival furniture, arts
and architecture symbolically served as tools to promote democracy, patriotism most significantly in
this context, moral superiority, that reflect republican ideals. In many ways it is a direct response to
the results of Industrialization and progress. Historian Alan Axelrod contends, "Colonialism is not a
surface phenomenon, a thin veneer over the real body of American life, but a network of
communications and linkages that reach deep into American experience and behavior." Historians
examine the movement from various perspectives; as a social and cultural movement, its
representation in U.S. material culture, and its significance to immigration and nationalism.
Noteworthy scholarship includes everything from Alan Axelrod's The Colonial Revival in America
from 1985 to Briann G. Greenfield's Out of the Attic: Antiques in Twentieth– Century New England
from 2009. Various monographs and essays will be analyzed to determine correlations and points of
dissent across the historiography. The Colonial Revival has also been a prevalent area of
examination in the museum community as evidenced by

Colonial Super Powers: From its birth in early 15th...
Colonial Super Powers: From its birth in early 15th century to its decline in dominance by the 20th
century, Colonial Super Powers fueled/sustained empires across oceans. Territories such as Portugal,
France, Spain and Great Britain fought incessantly at times for various countries and islands across
the world. The largest of all, the Superpowers during that Era, was Great Britain; considered as the
Giant Empires with the largest number of colonized countries under its control. These Countries
gained their enormous wealth and power from the many countries they claimed as colonies. But
while wealth was stripped from the Colonies/Caribbean islands, some things were gained–things
that weren't tangible; things that stand even decades after ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Streets such as the Queen Mary Road, Prince Alice Highway and Scotland District can all be seen
while driving in Barbados.
Some countries were influenced greatly by multiple Super Colonies. Such example would be the
Commonwealth of Dominica. Dominica inherited its traditions and cultures from both the British
and French. Initially France was the first Colonial Superpower to claim Dominica. However, there
were constant battles between the French and the British to earn full possession of the country.
Britain subsequently earned Dominica as one of its Territories (1763–1978).Dominica later gained
its independence. However, most of their traditions and cultures emulate the French and British.
Language: The complex Colonial past has influenced Dominica Language greatly .Dominica's
official language is English since the British took over. However, being a former French colony, the
citizens once spoke French. Over the years a distinct French base creole/Kweyole also known as
patois is spoken throughout the island as the second language. Traditional Dances: Dominica's
Traditional Dances such as the Quadrille was developed in France during the 18th Century which
was introduced to the slaves/citizens in Dominica. Today, the Quadrille dance is practiced across the
island during festival and shows.
Roads/Traffic: Many of the roads and villages are named after the French and British Queens
&Kings/ governors who lived in different

Pre Colonial And Colonial Settlements Essay
Pre–colonial and Colonial Settlements Pre–colonial settlement began in the United States when
Paleo–Indians, now known as Native Americans, crossed the Bering Strait, an ice bridge that
connected the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. This was a crossover from Russia into to United
States in which large groups began to settle and form a life. Although this large groups would
constantly move around, in which they are known as Nomads, primarily the United States was their
new found home. They would endure activities such as fishing and hunting as basic survival skills.
Around 1492, "European nations came to the Americas to increase their wealth and broaden their
influence over world affairs. The Spanish were among the first Europeans to explore the New
World." (Colonial America, n.d.) This exploration led to more groups of people travelling to seek a
better world. "By 1650, however, England had established a dominant presence on the Atlantic
coast. The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many of the people who settled
in the New World came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth,
Massachusetts, arrived in 1620." (Colonial America, n.d.) The claim of the New World was taken by
British settlers, although Native Americans were the first to settle. Native Americans helped to
flourish the lands, along with the new settlers. "By 1650, however, England had established a
dominant presence on the Atlantic coast. The first colony was

Colonial Life In Colonial America
Colonial life is rapidly changing and with it so are cities transforming into cities that make early
efforts in creating a model for future colonial cities. By this I mean, a city with hospitals, police
department, public libraries, fire–stations, and paved and lit streets. These features are products of a
rise in urbanization and are an answer to the problems a new urban city faces. In this era a particular
city with a pivotal citizen would stand out among the rest and provide some key solutions to urban
problems. That city would be Philadelphia, and its adopted son Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia
became a hub for new immigrants that quickly transformed this city into one of the largest in all of
colonial America. Throughout the 1720–1740 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being that the typical immigrant was of small means it is not difficult to imagine that as some began
to gain wealth others would be left behind thus creating a gap in society. What is significant of this
time is that the growth of the city provided the perfect marketplace for farmers to sell their goods.it
would be those in the cities were the growth of industry and urban development was taking place
that would deal with greater income inequality. One solution was that more money was to be printed
an idea fully supported by Franklin so much so that he wrote a pamphlet on it, "It was receiv'd by
the common people in general; but the rich men dislik'd it, for it increas'd and strenghten'd the
clamor for more money,..." Franklin's action are an early example of social–economic reform in an
urban setting. By spreading the money around rather than have it be only in the hands of a few they
are able to spur economic growth and urban prosperity on a larger scale. This shows us that in this
time there is sense that the collective good is more important than the individual. This idea of
protecting the poor is shown again later when franklin writes his paper on the city watch. "...a poor
widow housekeeper, all whose property to be guarded by the watch did not perhaps exceed the value
of fifty pounds, paid as much as the wealthiest merchant,

Access Of Education During The Colonial Period
Access to education continued to be problematic even in the colonial time. Individuals with more
resources were able to access different books, journals and magazines. Should this really be the case
in America today? It is my hope the education continues to transform from the colonial times, with
growth in awareness of social economy statuses and awareness of the concerns of everyday citizens.
Even though, education reform as continue to change with new leadership on the federal, state and
local levels some social and political injustices to access continue. It is vital that individuals in
power make changes by creating conditions and spaces where everyone has fair and equal
opportunity to access all books and other educational material.
Much of adult education in the early colonial period owe less to formal institutions, educational or
otherwise, than to everyday living (Stubblefield and Keane, 1994). In the colonial period,
communication or correspondence initially begin for commerce affairs, later it was used for personal
usage. Literature relevant to the lives of ordinary people development slowly, because Harvard
College housed the colonies' only printing press for over three decade beginning in 1638
(Stubblefield and Keane, 1994). Harvard monopolized the production of almanacs by regularly
assigning the task to a young mathematician, who prepared scientific and theological publications
that sold for threepence (Stubblefield and Keane, 1994). The first newspaper was

Paul Vantosky Interview
Imagine being obsessed with cats to where your house is full of them. Paul is a cat person who has
five cats. On August 31, 2016 I interviewed Paul Vantosky knowing absolutely nothing about him
until I bombarded him with questions. Student of English 11, period 3, first time meeting him. While
interviewing him I learned he enjoys rock and country music, he loves cats and he likes to play
xbox.
Paul Vantosky is a seventeen year old teenager his birthday is August 23, 1999. He moved to
Greensburg three years ago from Pittsburgh. I found this rather interesting so I asked him more
about him and his family. He told me about his five cats and one dog. His parents are happily
married and life couldn't be better for Paul. He has four siblings, Jenn the oldest of Paul's sisters is
twenty two years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a lot of funny things that have happened to him while at school. Like this one time he was
playing kickball and when he kicked the ball it hit the gym teacher in the face and his shoe flew off
and him the same gym teacher in the face all by accident of course. The least favorite thing he hated
about school were the bullies who never got in trouble for their actions and the drama and rumors
caused by the cool drama queen who thinks she is better than everyone else. Some of his favorite
things are his friends, food, gym, and leaving every day. His plans for after graduation are to get into
graphic design after school. I went on to ask him more questions and we came to the topic of what
was the best thing that happened this summer and he replied that he went to Niagara Falls and saw
the waterfall, then went camping at lake Erie. He sees himself living in a good house in Greensburg
Township having a good job and an amazing family. He went on to tell me about his summer job at
McDonalds and his responsibilities he had at the job like cooking the food, wrapping the food, and
general cleaning of the fast food

Apothecary In The Colonial Era
Trades There were many interesting trades presented on this website. One of these trades that
interested me the most was apothecary. Apothecary in the colonial era was a druggist who had a
similar roles to what a doctor does today. They didn't just provide medical treatment, or prescribe
drugs but also performed surgeries as well. Reading more about this trade, I discovered that some
apothecaries even trained to become man–midwives. Before reading this article, I had the
assumption that the majority of mid–wives were female, and that most men didn't handle child birth
in that time era. Furthermore, some of the ingredients used in colonial remedies, that is still found in
modern medicine. Some include, but are limited to; chalk for heartburn (Tums), calamine for skin
irritations (Aveeno lotions) and many more. Like many drug stores today, apothecaries also sold
household items and not just drugs. The next most interesting trade in the colonial period was
Gunsmiths. It is very neat to me how the gunsmiths didn't only work with metals but also with
wood. In fact, the stock of a gun was made with one piece of wood and later engraved. Even the
metal used in the guns were intricately engraved as well. The gunsmith wasn't just limited to making
firearms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first house that caught my attention was the St. George Tucker House. It was home to St.
George Tucker, who was a lawyer, Revolutionary War militia officer, and judge, a very interesting
man in my opinion. This beautiful home was added onto several times to accommodate his nine
children and five stepchildren. It is said that Tucker was the first in Williamsburg to construct a
bathroom. Another interesting fact about the Tucker house is that they were the first in Williamsburg
to put a Christmas tree in the house in 1842. Sadly, the St. George Tucker is not a Colonial
Williamsburg exhibition

Colonial America
In the 18th century, life in the English colonies had begun to calm down a little bit. European
territories still continued to expand, but many colonists settled down for a more domestic life. The
original towns bloomed into cities, especially around the ports. The colonial civilizations developed
into a safer and more comfortable environment. Men got jobs and earned a living, children went to
school, and wives cooked and cleaned the house. Much of colonial life was similar to the English
lifestyle they left behind. However, there were multiple aspects to the colonial life that set it apart
from its English counterpart. The life of the average settler experienced politics, education, and even
daily life that could only be found in America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One major staple of colonial life was the newspaper, as it was the beginning of freedom of the press.
There was even an instance where a newspaper printer was defended in a trial for printing negative
things about the government, setting a precedent for the rights of the press. Also, celebrations were a
further addition to daily life. Events like funerals, weddings, the building of a house, and social
gatherings were all times where people could hang out with other members of the community, and
eat and drink excessively. As the celebration of Christmas was deemed inappropriate by the
Protestant church, Thanksgiving replaced it as a time for food and

Significance Of The Magazine
There are a lot of excellent significant landmarks that can be commemorated by a coin by the
colonial Williamsburg foundation; but here are the four structures that are worthy of being
commemorated: The Bruton Parish Church, the Capitol, the Governor's Palace, and the Magazine.
Commemorate means to honor a certain place or a person. All these structures are important, but the
most significant structure to commemorate is clearly the Magazine. According to my research, the
Magazine is the best choice because it succeeds all of the goals it has to meet, it has a lot of
historical significance, it is relevant to citizens today, and it has a connection to the mission
statement "The future may learn from the past.". The paragraphs below will explain ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Magazine started the Revolutionary War which gave our country independence!
The Revolutionary War started when Lord Dunmore and his British troops stole all the colonists
gunpowder from the Magazine. According to my research, the British also set a spring–gun trap and
whenever somebody opened the door, it would activate. Two young men snuck into the Magazine
and tried to steal guns so that they could join The Revolutionary War and fight for their state; even
though they were underage to join the militia. When they opened the door, the spring trap sprung
and hurt the two young men setting off the spark that started the Revolutionary War. The
Revolutionary War was Significant because after we won the war the Declaration of Independence
was made and signed. The Declaration of Independence made us our own state and it let us have our
own government. The Americans were very happy because they didn't want to be told what to do
from a king who is lives over at the other side of the sea! Last but not least the Revolutionary War
was a very historical significant war. Overall the Magazine deserves a commemorative coin to honor
it because it gave us our

Three Colonial Groups In Colonial America
Beginning in 1625, the United Kingdom of Britain and the United Kingdom of Scotland started their
colonial dominance of the Americas in Massachusetts Bay. The two countries later joined to form
Great Britain. The colonies spread to other parts of America, including Georgia, Virginia and
Maryland. The French, on the other hand, colonized North America as the Spanish occupied
colonies in the south and, thus, all three colonial groups were in constant struggle to oust each other
and occupy greater territory in the Americas.
Equality was only a dream in America in from 1700 through 1750. Native Americans and
immigrants affiliated to each of the three colonial groups were subjected to slavery. Louisiana, for
example, was a French colony where about

Colonial Crucible
Thereby this project follows the idea put forward in Afred W. McCoys and Francisco A. Scaranos
collection of essays Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making if the Modern American State. While
dealing with as diverse topics as environment, economy, public health, military and race, the book
tries to explores in "what ways, if any, the U.S [...] was formed or even transformed from [the]
experiences gained at its colonial periphery"1. In their article On the Tropic of Cancer: Transitions
and Transformations in the U.S. Imperial State McCoy and Scaranos argue that influence does not
only flow from the center towards the periphery but that instead the imperial periphery was
important for changes occurring in the center. Pointing out that while the new colonial territories
provide a testing field for new approaches, the gained experiences also "profoundly influenced
American cultures and society between 1840 and 1930"2. Thereby triggering a debate about the
different aspects of this influence and how they create and recreate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Book of Rodger Streitmatter Mightier than the Sword: How the News Media have shaped
American History and Patrick S. Washburns The African American Newspaper: Voice of Freedom
for example can help to understand the influence of media upon the convictions and perception hold
at home. Willard B. Gatewoods Black Americans and the White Man's Burden 1898–1903, Smoked
Yankees and Black Americans and the Quest for Empire on the other hand provide the basis for any
analysis about the influence of empire upon African Americans in the center and the periphery.
Especially Gatewoods concentration upon the importance of African American Soldiers and their
correspondents with their families upon the African American identity at home needs to be taken
into

The Downfalls Of Colonial Women In Colonial America
"Some women fear the fire, some women simply become it." – R.H. Sin. During Colonial America,
women weren't as valued as in current day. In Colonial times, women worked around the house,
didn't have legals rights, some were wealthy and others were slaves and others lived in the city.
As young girls, most women learned how to work around the house, which they most likely learned
from their mother. Few women throughout the colonies had a proper education, as some couldn't
even read or write. But, because women worked in their household, these skills were not necessary.
Due to the amount of tasks that needed to be accomplished, women worked very hard. Some of their
chores included sewing clothes, cooking, baking, making sure the house is kept clean and the list
goes on.
One of the many downfalls of being a colonial women is not having any legal rights. Women in
these times didn't have the right to vote, nor the right to hold public office. As a married women,
whatever belongs to you now belongs your husband. Also, as a married woman your identity was all
in your husband,so you were basically owned by him. On the other hand, as an unmarried woman or
a widow you gained more rights. Though, if you are unmarried you have to make a living for
yourself and you can't lean on your husband for support. You were allowed to own your own land,
which was a big step up from being property of your husband. Also, women were allowed to make
wills, sell property and sign contracts. After the

Colonial Grievances
Most of the framers of the constitution either attended or graduated college, were involved in the
American Revolution, and had already been involved in the government. The Constitutional
Convention was a meeting held in Philadelphia between May and September of 1787. There,
delegates discussed revisions to the United States Government. The Constitutional Convention was
held in order to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles
of Confederation. Many of the ideas that were written into the United States Constitution were
influenced and based on many important factors. The Enlightenment, colonial grievances listed in
the Declaration of Independence, and failures of the Articles of Confederation were ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was because The Articles had a weak central government. The Articles of Confederation were
created by the Continental Congress in 1777. The federal government did not have enough power in
order to assemble the military. Congress mostly relied on the state militias for security because the
Articles of Confederation did not have a national military. The Constitution allows the government
to create a military. The United States' government owns/controls its own military. In the Articles of
Confederation every state had their own smaller military. The government can create and impose
taxes. Government are able to make taxes as long as they are voted for and passed. The Articles of
Confederation's central government could not put taxes on the states. Congress was the only branch
of the central government and was unable to collect taxes to use during the war or to handle the
government after the war. This letter was written by George Washington in 1787 and was sent to
Henry Knox. He wrote that "if government... is unable to enforce its laws; ... anarchy and confusion
must prevail – and every thing will be turned topsy turvey in that State" (Document E). The
Constitution states that the Executive branch is designated for lawmaking. The United States
Government can make their own laws and if they are voted for, they can then be

Colonial Williamsburg
Alex Elstrodt Colonial Williamsburg Essay Colonial Williamsburg was a key city during colonial
times because Colonial Williamsburg had a great amount of important places in it. A book entry on
January 9, 1716 about the Bruton Parish Church "Ordered that the men sit on the North side of the
church, and the women on the left." The Bruton Parish is the most important place in Williamsburg
because it acted as a storehouse and a hospital during the battle of Yorktown and none of the other
places has acted as a different place to help in an entirely different way than it normally does so it
deserves a commemorative coin minted for it. The Bruton Parish Church was an extremely
important place during colonial times. The designer of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This church is one of the longest lasting churches in America and that is what makes it the most
important place in Colonial Williamsburg. It has lasted over 300 years! The Bruton Parish displays
the religious beliefs of the people who lived in the colonies. The Bruton Church is ultimately the
most significant place in Colonial Williamsburg today. The Bruton Parish Church connects with the
motto "That the future may learn from the past" the best. People learned about their religious beliefs
in colonial times. America learned that we should not have to go to church on every Sunday and
everyone can worship as they please. Consequently the Bruton Parish connects to the motto "That
the future may learn from the past" better than any other structure in Colonial Williamsburg In
conclusion, The Bruton Parish church is the most important structure in Colonial Williamsburg for
numerous reasons. It is the greatest in three groupings the importance during Colonial times,
importance today, and how it connects to the motto: "That the future may learn from the past." The
Bruton Parish has been a working church for over 300 years and they have fixed errors from the
past. This is why the Bruton Parish Church deserves the 2016 commemorative coin minted for

Colonial Motivations
There were various motivations for establishing colonies in the New World. From the perspective of
the settlers, one could conclude there were two primary motivations, religious freedom, and wealth.
Depending upon one's status in the colonial times, one could consider wealth as having an
abundance of land and natural resources, not necessarily power or an abundance of gold per say.
Therefore, the poor, rich, and middle class had their own expectations of "wealth" and religious
freedom that motivated establishing the colonies. Similarly, the European powers that were sending
supplies and funding the colonial establishments were driven to expand their wealth and impose
their religious principles. In discussion regarding the motivations of

The Life Of Everyday Life In Colonial America
Everyday life in colonial America was made up of large cities, rural settlements, and frontier
regions. Life in colonial America was nothing short of difficult. The large cities were made up of
many classes of people ranging from wealthy to slaves. There were some that had very specific
skills as well as communication skills and others who had nothing. The wealthy people dreamed of
what they were going to do in the future, however the middle class people dreamed but did not plan.
They were better off than the average poor person, but still worked very hard sunrise to sunset. In
this paper I will provide information on what life was like for various aspects and people groups in
colonial America.
Slavery in colonial America was a hard way of life. Slaves varied in ages and gender. Slaves were
assigned a task or tasks that had to be completed during the day. The male slaves would participate
in the hard labor such as working on the farm. The female slaves would generally work in the
household, sent on errands or spent most of their time with the house owner. Female slaves were
forced into sexual relationships for reproduction. Reproduction would either be forced between one
African slave and another or between the slave and the house owner. Slaves were also treated like
livestock and being bought, sold and traded among owners. For the enslaved people they had to
endure being separated from their families when captured or when sold at the slave market. Their
new

Colonial and Post-Colonial Mentalities in the Middle Passage
One of the most baffling aspects of European interest in African people is the civilizations collective
distaste of and fascination with people of African descent. The initial journey into Africa, and the
planning that preceded it, spawned many of the most enlightening theories about African people.
These theories, usually in support of African savagery and inferiority and in favor of European
superiority and civility were based in the colonial mentalities of that time. Of the most notable
theories is the idea that African religious system was pagan and that African people were inferior
because of their darker skin pigmentation and "beast–like" nature. These theories dispersed rapidly
across the globe, and even today people of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such, as collectively known, was the initial rationale upon which colonialism was executed.
Proponents of colonialism, more importantly the Trans–Atlantic slave trade, used the inferiority of
Africans to advance the cause of slavery and the acquisition of African slaves. Africans were cattle:
something merely to be herded, transported, and disciplined if they didn't do what they were told or
if they acted contrary to the intention of their master. This is evident throughout the Middle Passage,
especially in regard to captain Falcon for he held a specific chagrin for the Almuseri. Calhoun states,
"A woman pitched her baby overboard...At least two men tried to follow , straining against their
chains, and this...brought out the worst in falcon...he beat them until blood came" (Johnson 66). Like
many masters, Falcon felt obliged to discipline his slaves in whipping; this helped to draw the
distinction between owner and property, European and African, Master and Slave, Superior and
inferior.
In addition to highlighting many of the colonial ideologies and mentalities of that time, the Middle
Passage also presents Rutherford Calhoun as a middle man between the Almuseri and the Europeans
on The Republic. This post–colonial perspective plays out in the idea that although Calhoun is of a
lighter complexion, he is no longer wholly African, but he isn't European either. His position is
determined by how he relates to the people around him–his shipmates and the

The Revolutionary City Is Not Just An Area
The Revolutionary City provides its visitors with an adorned sense of place. Although Williamsburg
was restored from its original structures, with some changes implemented by the modern centuries,
an American faith has bestowed on the Tidewater town of Williamsburg, Virginia. Colonial
Williamsburg adequately portrays how the area incorporates the cultures, hopes, aspirations, and
conflicts of the American people of the time period. The Revolutionary City is not just an area that is
composed of colonial streets and buildings. It is a community of people and their tales of life linking
the distant past with a relevant future. In the Historic Area, visitors are able to experience the
opulence that permeated the city of Williamsburg through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The events that occur from dawn until dusk, capture the moments that molded America into the new
nation it fought to be, with the help of our legendary forefathers, the townspeople, and even
ourselves. The Revolutionary City allows its patrons to gain a strong appreciation of the importance
of the movement towards independence from the British, and it is an incredible inspiration for
people to take the initiative to attain knowledge on how our nation began; such a project
demonstrates an utmost significance to the true lineage of the American people–black and white,
men and women, free and enslaved. The core of the Revolutionary City occupies Duke of
Gloucester Street, the mile–long principal street of the town. The street runs from the Capitol
building, passing the taverns and trade shops on the way to Palace Green which displays the
Governor 's Palace at its farthest edge, and continues onward towards the College of William and
Mary. When standing in the center of town near the Marketplace, the Capitol is visible in its
magnificent being. There are many infamous faces that walk the streets of the Revolutionary City
awaiting patrons to ask them probing questions about how this historical landmark creates a sense of
place for them in America; among them are Peyton and Betty Randolph, James Innes, James
Madison, James Monroe, Edmund Randolph, Lydia Broadnax, Patrick

Colonial Liberty
In the early years of the colonies, how would the concept of liberty be viewed (or thought of)? In the
early years of the colonies the concept of liberty would increase over time. According to Rights of
Colonial Citizens video, "Colonists in America saw the same rights that citizens in England did."
The colonists thought the had the same rights, even though they still came to America. The
colonists, in the end did get the same rights as the English and gained more rights, such as being
able to petition the king and a right to trial by jury. In Rights Of Colonial Citizens video stated, "The
most important was the right to have a voice in government...The English people had long struggled
to gain the right to participate in government...

Pre Colonial America Summary
Pre–Modern Colonial America In The Radicalism of the American Revolution, Gordan S. Wood
creates an in–depth analysis of why colonial America could be classified as a pre–modern society.
He presents a thorough argument for how hierarchal trends and patriarchal dependency of the
colonists emphasized the more traditional culture of the early Americans. The colonists had created
a society in which there was a deep prevalence for British customs, such as, reverence for the king,
the inheritance of land and status, the strength of a household, and the importance of rank (Wood 12,
16, 46, 18). Before the revolution, America resembled its native England; once they had severed ties
and moved forward with their own form of government with confidence, pre–modern America
initiated the first steps to become a truly independent and modern nation. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By building up their family trees, colonial Americans were able to use their kinship as an advantage
in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, the manipulation of politics (Wood 48). This was
due to the patriarchal dependency of most of the citizens; in colonial America the familial household
was the center of society and the strength of it. The patriarchal tradition of the society creates a
system in which the institutions mimic households; that created a society that was dependent on a
head because no man was independent in and of himself

Analysis Of First Generations : Women In Colonial America,...
First Generations: Women in Colonial America was written by Carol Berkin in 1996. The book was
printed in the United States of America. It was published simultaneously in Canada by
HarperCollinsCanadaLtd. It was designed by Abby Kagan. It includes bibliographical references
and an index. First Generations: Women in Colonial America delivers a broad analysis over
American women in the colonial period. It is evident that married women in colonial America were
not considered equal to their husbands or to society in general. The rights of American women have
come a long way in regards to civil rights. The control a woman in early Colonial America had over
her own life was linked to race, religion, and class. Berkin organizes the first chapters according to
race and region. Other chapters are organized by African American women, New England, and the
middle colonies, Native American Women, and white women in the Chesapeake. Within each
chapter, Berkin gives details about one woman from the region. European, Indian, and African
women of seventeenth and eighteenth–century America were protectors of their native land,
pioneers on the frontier, like–minded immigrants, and courageous slaves. They were also, as most
scholars tend to leave out, just as important as men in shaping American culture and history. Carol
Berkin is an American historian and author. She was born in Mobile, Alabama. She specializes in
women's role in American colonial history. She received her Bachelor's

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