2. About Indian Oil
Formed in 1964 , merging of Indian
Refineries and Indian Oil Company Ltd.
P.A.Gopalakrishnan , 1st Chairman
2010, Maharatna PSU
11 refineries , Combined refining capacity is
80.7MMTPA I.e. 33% of domestic refining
capacity
2 SPM at Vadinar & 3 SPM at paradip
16 new grades of crude processed ,11 of
US origin (2017-2018)
3. PANIPAT REFINERY
Seventh refinery , Technically most
advanced refinery complex
Total capacity – 15 MMTPA , plan to
augment to 25 MMTPA
Major secondary units are CRU ,
OHCU , VBU ,BBU etc.
1st refinery to switch over from BS-III to
BS – IV and now supply of more
ecofriendly BS-VI to NCR, Delhi
Refinery houses PX-PTA plant and
Naphtha Cracker complex
4. PANIPAT REFINERY EXPANSION PROJECT {PREP}
PR capacity augmented from 6MMTPA to
15MMTPA by 2010
PREP was designed to process high Sulphur
crude.
Types of Crude :
1)Low Sulphur : Quaiboe, Boney light
2)High Sulphur: Kuwait, Iran Mix, Basrah light,
Upper Zakhum, Suez mix, Furrial etc
CRUDE PROCESSED : ARAB MIX
CHECK CRUDE : QUAIBOE
5. PIPELINES
14,189 km long crude oil , petroleum product and gas pipeline
94.79MMTPA of oil & 9.5MMSCMD of gas (Total processing capacity)
Safest , cost-effective , energy efficient and environment friendly mode of
transportation
4 product pipelines – 1)PRPL
2)PAJPL
3) PBPL
4)PBATF
Panipat-Jalandhar LPG pipeline – 273km pipeline
Intermediate delivery station for LPG bottling plant at Nabha (Patiala)
6. CRUDE OIL
85% of crude oil is imported by
India and aims to bring down by
67% by 2022
Crude oil reserves – 604.10 MT
(2017)
Crude oil is carried by VLCC via
sea only
SPM (Single point Mooring )–
Floating buoy for handling of
liquid cargo
Indian oil operates 2 SPM at
Vadanir & 3 SPM at paradip for
transferring crude oil
7. ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT
AVU = CDU(CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT) +
VDU( VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT)
Capacity = 6 MMTPA of Arab Mix crude (
50:50; AL:AH). Check crude : QUAIBOE
Distillation is the most primary process that is
used for separation of the components of
crude oil due to the varied boiling point
temperature.
Major units :
1) Desalter
2) Preheat trains and Flash vessel
3) Atmospheric Heater
4) Atmospheric column
5) Vacuum heater
6) Vacuum column
8. CRUDE DESALTING
Desalting consists of three major process
•Heating
•Mixing
•Settling
In desalting , there is formation of emulsion
of oil and water
Demulsification of emulsion using strong
electric field(A.C).
Two stage desalting operation and
countercurrent mechanism of desalted
water
9. ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION COLUMN
55 trays, 6 at the bottom are the bottom stripping
section of the column.
OVHD circuit for removal of Gases and Light
naphtha.
4 side draws and 3 Refluxes
Major products of atmospheric column are :
1) Fuel gas and LPG
2) Light Naphtha
3) Heavy naphtha
4) kerosene/ ATF
5) Light Gas Oil
6) Heavy Gas Oil
7) Reduced Crude Oil( RCO+)
10. VACUUM DISTILLATION COLUMN
RCO from atmospheric column is passed
through vacuum heater before being sent
to vacuum column .The feed from
vacuum heater is send to the vacuum
column at the flash zone above tray #6.
The vacuum heater flash zone pressure
is at 60-70 mm of Hg and temperature is
398.7/382˚c for AM crude or Quaiboe
crude.
The various products obtained from
vacuum column :
1) Vacuum diesel
2) Light vacuum Gas Oil
3) Heavy vacuum Gas Oil
4) Vacuum residue
5) Vacuum wax and slop
11. HYDROCRACKING UNIT(HCU)
PURPOSE:
The process objective of Hydrocracker unit (HCU) is to produce highest quality
and quantity of High-speed Diesel and LPG products from gas oil feed stocks,
UNIT CAPACITY:-
The design capacity for the Hydrocracker is 1.7 MMTPA. The feed to the unit is
a mixture of:
Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) from Vacuum distillation column.
Heavy Coker Gas Oil (HCGO) from Delayed Coking unit.
Heavy Gas Oil (HGO) from Atmospheric distillation column
12. PROCESS:- HCU mainly consist of 2
units Reaction and
fractionator section.
Reactors are of 2 type :-
Hydrotreating Hydrocracking
reaction
In the first reactor, which
has three beds,
predominantly feed
demetallising and
hydrotreating reactions take
place and in the second
reactor, which is having two
beds,.
13. HYDROTREATING REACTION
HYDROCRACKING REAC:TION-
Cracking Reaction
• Saturated Paraffins cracked to form lower
molecular weight olefins and paraffins
Isomerization Reactions
• Isomerisation provides branching of alkyl
groups of paraffins and opening of
naphthenic rings
• Condensation Reaction
14. FRACTIONATION SECTION:-
The liquid hydrocarbons recovered in Hot and Cold Flash
drums of the Reaction section are steam stripped of their light
gaseous components in the Stripper Column. The vapors
recovered in the Stripper flow to a Sponge Absorber Column
From here it is sent to side strippers from which diesel, petrol
are separated.
This is how a 2 reactor HCU works.
This section strips out LPG sent for amine treatment.
15. HGU (Hydrogen Generation Unit):
To generate hydrogen (99.9%) for the downstream hydro
processing units like hydro cracker and DHDT
Feed : Naphtha and RLNG
Main sections in HGU :
• Removal of Sulphur in Naphtha
• Steam Reforming of Naphtha
• Shift Conversion
• Purification of Hydrogen
16. Hydrogen Generation Unit
• Pre reformer section: A adiabatic reactor and a singe bed
reactor
catalyst: RKNGR
Reactions: CnHm + nH2O nCO + (n+m/2) H2 (ΔH
= +ve)
CO+ H2O CO2 + H2 (ΔH = -ve)
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O (ΔH = -ve )
• Reformer section : Costliest section , Catalyst : R67 – 7H
• Reactions: CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 (∆H = +ve )
• CO + H2O CO2 + H2
17. Pressure Swing Adsorption
Principle: Difference in pressure to remove
impurities
Aim: To produce 99.9% pure Hydrogen.
Operates at High pressure
12 Beds in pair.
Runs on predesigned software taking in
information.
In pairs Equalization takes place: Recovery of
hydrogen takes place in one and removal of
impurities takes place in another bed.
18. DIESEL
HYDROTREATING
UNIT(DHDT)
To meet the BS-IV/BS-VI diesel
requirement ( minimum cetane
number 51)
Feed : LGO(CDU) – 240-320ºc
VD(VDU) – 370ºc , LCGO(DCU)
CAPACITY : 3.5MMTPA
LICENSOR : Axens
Catalyst : Ni- Mo oxides
Major reactions are
hydrodesulphurization ,
hydrodenitrification , Aromatic &
Olefin saturation
19. PACKINOX
Ideal for demanding heat recovery duties in processes
with high pressure and temperature
Low CAPEX , superior hydraulic efficiency
Large heat transfer bundle inside a pressure vessel
Operate at high temperature as 550°c
Top & bottom manholes for maintenance
20.
21. Motor spirit Quality
upgradation(MSQ)
BS-IV(Research octane Number (RON) = 91, Motor octane number (MON) =81
Feed: Naphtha(FCC+CCRU+AVU)
Four units in MSQ
NHT
LICENSOR
UOP,USA
CAPACITY
410TMTPA
PENEX UOP,USA 400TMTPA
RSU AXENS,FRANCE 470TMTPA
FCC-GDS/PRIME G+ AXENS,FRANCE 370TMTPA
22. • Hydrotreat SR-Naphtha.
• Metal impurities(in ppb in
naphtha) removed.
• PENEX catalyst
poisons(sulfur,O,NH3,halide)
removed from light naphtha.
NHT(Naphtha
Hydrotreating)
FEED: SR-Naphtha from
NSU-1&2.
Reactor pressure:30-
35kg/cm2
Inlet temperature- 3150 C
23. • To concentrate the benzene and its
precursors in light reformate which is
further routed as feed to penex unit
by splitting the CRU reformate into
light and heavy reformate.
• Heavy reformate sent directly for
MS blending.
RSU(Reformate
splitter unit)
Feed-reformate ex-CRU is
feed for unit.
Designed for two cases-
• Case A-low benzene feed
• Case B-high benzene
feed.
24. PENEX
• Penex-1.to increase the octane number of
hydrotreated naphtha
2.To reduce the benzene level in the light
reformate
e.g. 1.C5H12(61.8ron) C5H12(Methyl
butane 93ron)
FCC-
GDS(PRIME
G+)
• Feed-FCC gasoline is the main feed for
the unit .the light Coker naphtha ex DCU
and pyrolysis gasoline ex-Panipat
naphtha cracker project are also part of
feed.
• Process-
• Selective hydrogenation unit
• Gasoline splitter unit
• Hydro-desulphurization unit
25. OIL MOVEMENT & STORAGE
Blending of intermediate products
Oil Accounting
Dispatch of finished products
HSD TANK
CAPACITY- 40,000KL
MOUNDED
BULLETS
HORTON SPHERE
27. PADC(PRODUCT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT CENTER)
The Laboratory building is designed to
take on an Iconic position in the refinery
complex, signifying the focus on research
and the Future.
BLOW MOULDING :- Process of
forming a molten tube and placing the
parison or preform within a mould
cavity.
28. ROTO MOULDING:-A heated hollow
mould which is filled with a charge
material.
It is then slowly rotated causing the
softened material to disperse and
stick to the walls of the mould.
TUBULAR QUENCHED POLY PROPYLENE:-
• The resin is extruded & the molten material in form of
tube comes out of the circular die.
• Cooling is done
• Film is subsequently collapsed, passed through drying
unit and finally rolled up
33. REFINERY
EXPERIENCE
SELF –LEARNING
OVERVIEW OF MAJOR OPERATIONS
& EQUIPMENTS
PANIPAT NAPTHA CRACKER –
INDIA’S LARGEST OPERATING
CRACKER
OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT UNITS OF
PNC
INDIAN OIL’S PADC – RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT THRUST ON PLASTIC