Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Essay

Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Essay
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy can present itself in many ways. Patients may experience heightened sensation, absence of sensation, or
a combination of the two (TOFTHAGEN). It can be very painful for some patients. Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy can persist for six to
eight months after the final chemotherapy treatment. According to Bak et. al., 40% of patients will show no signs of chemotherapy induced peripheral
neuropathy after this time period. However, there is a small percentage of patient who will continue to experience the symptoms of chemotherapy
induced peripheral neuropathy as a long term issue, even years after their chemotherapy treatments have ended (BAK). There are different types of
chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy: sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy. Sensory neuropathy is what most
would think of when discussing neuropathic symptoms. This includes the feelings of numbness and tingling that can lead to burning sensations. Many
describe this feeling as "pins and needles". Motor neuropathy is related to feelings of muscles weakness and loss of control, which can lead to
decreased coordination. Finally, autonomic neuropathy presents itself with symptoms of abdominal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These symptoms of numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness frequently prevent the patient from performing their everyday activities, due to impaired
ability to function in their environment. Some patients may lose their ability to continue working if they have a job that requires the use of their hands
for fine motor movement. If a patient is unable to perform their everyday responsibilities, such as their occupation, it can lead them to experience
economic burdens. These problems will only continue to progress further as they complete the rest of their treatment of cancer without bringing in any
income.
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Emily Dickinson Dialectical Journal
Sleep deprivation, vexation, feeling exasperated and a bit depressed; unfortunately, I feel every one of those today. Plans for Wednesday have
changed for several reasons, each one respectively, due to either mum, Alexis, and myself; mine being a large monetary setback at USC this
morning. In feelings and changes, I will work off the hours as I can this week, and try to have it finished by April. I would hate for a situation to
arise, or yet another situation to arise rather, to come up, and still be jerking–off with this. With the blue–shifted deadline for those hours becoming
bluer still, may be best to bite, swallow, and shit the bitter bullet and be done with it. Oh dear, proper British lady has crashed.
That be that, not being able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This morning when you apologized; i.e. that just by looking...I realized the solution later in the day, or best effort at one would have been, simply,
stating a friendly reminder that I would be in my getting ready mode since my goal required concentration to finish everything so we could spend time
together before I had to leave.
Connections, connections. Improving my self–care of the mind and emotions proceeds mastery of communication skills. Being tough on myself the
therapist reassures she will help to remedy.
Feeling thwarted in every effort to set circumstances right, in my life – not between us, becomes intense with patterns and connections. Illuminating
my mind, emulating the strings from ballistics in a crime scene, or worse, a schizophrenic's garage, complete with wall covered newspaper clippings
and red marker lines that model no reality but chaos. My connections are evidence based, empirically proven models of physical systems; my subjective
realizations were at least based on such arrangements and configurations, architectures and harmonies. Between the visits to the women trying to help
me I have assignments. The next two weeks include writing my strengths, progress in the past year, and compliments. One of those is your supportive,
wonderful email that doling out strokes for learning proper grammar. That felt

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Analysis
A Phase III, Double–Blinded, Randomized, Placebo–Controlled, Multicenter Superiority Trial to Assess the VM202 in Painful Diabetic Peripheral
Neuropathy Introduction Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy (NIH, 2009). Chronically high
levels of blood sugar lead to nerve damage not only in the extremities, but also in other parts of the bodies. This damage occurs in an approximate
60% to 70% of all diabetic patients, eventually, developing into peripheral neuropathy (WebMD,2013). These damaged nerves have trouble
effectively transfer messages between the brain and other parts of the body, which means DNP patients are prone to unaware the sores or injuries in
the feet until infected. Also, this form of neuropathy patients has a high risk of pain and autonomic dysfunction. DPN is a progressive, poorly
reversible or irreversible complication and no approved drugs could be used to reverse or halt the progression of it. It is the most frequent reason for
seeking medical concerns and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Shapiro–Wilk statistical test is used to assess the normal distribution of the pain intensity before conducting subsequent statistical tests. Data
analysis is performed using mixed models with two–sided, with a type I error set as .05. Concerning the primary objective, the comparison between
randomized groups will be performed using ANOVA with a baseline score as a covariate. The correlation between baseline and follow
–up scores is
also calculated (Vickers, 2001). In the secondary analysis, chi–square is carried out to express the frequencies of adverse effects and response rate.
Also, A paired student test is suggested to evaluate the pain reduction within the two groups. Sensitivity analysis will be proposed to assess the
robustness of the data based on the pattern–mixture and selection

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Essay
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is obviously one of the major complications of chronic diabetes, which affects the nerves and
leads to loss of sensation, numbness, and pain in the legs, feet, or even hands. Sadly, peripheral neuropathy is likely to affect approximately 70% of
people with diabetes. However, not all people who develop this type of complication experience serious pain. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is caused
by prolonged elevated blood sugar, which affects the nerves, particularly in the extremities. According to research, diabetic peripheral neuropathy can
affect other parts of the body which can also contribute to other critical conditions. Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy Of course, diabetes is the main
cause... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Injury to nerves has also been documented as a contributing factor. Research also shows that diabetic peripheral neuropathy is mostly common among
people who have been living with diabetes for at least 25 years or thereabouts. If this is true, then it is obvious that the majority of people who suffer
the condition are people above 50. Symptoms of Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy The major symptoms of diabetes peripheral neuropathy is pain in the
region of the affected nerve. The symptoms may be minor and negligible at the early stage, however, it can develop into a chronic condition if left
untreated. Despite the fact that this serious condition affects the nerves and causes different problems to the body, some people still live with
peripheral neuropathy without noticing any signs. As the condition becomes critical, it can contribute to other issues and affect the nervous systems.
Some of the common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy are highlighted below: Erectile dysfunction in men or dryness of the vaginal in women.
Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands, fingers, toes, legs, and

Abortions Should not Be Legalized in the Philippines
Nowadays, the world seems to get even more and more liberal. Everyone is fighting for their own rights without even trying to see a wider view of it,
or how will it affect their lives aftermath. Abortion gets even more alarming due to the results of the study conducted by the Researchers from
Guttmacher Institute and the University of the Philippines Populations Institute, wherein there were over 470,000 cases of it, has been performed in
the Philippines. In 2010, there were projected 90,000 hospitalizations recorded due to abortion complications. Abortion is a danger to the lives of many
women of our country. Thus, Abortion should not be legalized in the Philippines for it is a painful surgery that could even cause further harm in
physical and psychological health.
First of all, Abortion should not be legalized in the Philippines for it is a painful surgery. Despite the use of such anesthetics, Almost 97% of women
that committed abortions have been reported experiencing extreme pain during the procedure. Compared to other pains, researchers have rated the
pain from abortion as more afflictive than a bone fracture, about the same as cancer pain. The use of more powerful general anesthetics can reduce
the pain, but it increases the risk of cervical injury. On the other hand, if you choose to keep your child, you will feel that labor pain was not that bad
at all. Because after those intense cramping, once you hold the baby, you forget all about the pain you were in during

What Do If Someone You Love Has Neuropathy
What to Do If Someone You Love Has Neuropathy
If someone you love has neuropathy and suffers from chronic, often debilitating pain, you probably know all too well how seriously it can wear a
person down – physically, emotionally, spiritually– and affect their overall quality of life. Sometimes though, it's hard to know exactly what to do for
someone who is chronically ill, especially when you are also feeling the effects of your loved ones illness. While you can't solve all of their problems,
you can certainly be there to support them and help manage their discomfort.
Understand their pain
The unique and complicated factors that surround neuropathy often make it difficult for someone to communicate what they're going through.
Particularly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, the nerves may not send a pain signal even if something is injuring them.
Fighting pain can take everything a person has just to get through the day. Sometimes the person may struggle so hard to cope with the constant
onslaught of pain that they can't see the stress they are inflicting on others. Don't take things personally and try to put yourself in their shoes.
Questioning his or her pain is hurtful to the person experiencing it and can erode the relationship between you and your loved one.
How to help specifically with neuropathy
One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy. In fact, between 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have some form
of neuropathy according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. If someone you love has neuropathic diabetes they
may be experiencing pain, tingling, or numbness (loss of feeling) in the hands, arms, feet and legs. And they could even have nerve problems in every
organ system, including the digestive tract, heart and sex organs. The type of pain he or she feels depends on the type of neuropathy they have. There
are four classifications of diabetic neuropathy – peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy and focal neuropathy – and each
affects different parts of the body in a different way.
Clearly, the pain your loved one is experiencing is real, and because of the chronic pain they may prefer to withdraw and

Lead-Poisoning Case Studies
Introduction Silent consequences and possibly lethal; lead poisoning is the top environmental health issue for children. Lead poisoning is caused from
the over exposure to lead in the human body. Lead is a highly toxic metal that occurs naturally in the environment (OSDH, 2016). To industries lead is
beneficial, but if an individual inhales or ingests lead, it can cause various harmful effects on the body. Under those circumstances, lead is the top
environmental health concern in children. Children and fetuses are at a much higher risk developing lead poisoning (CDC, 2014). According to the
Oklahoma State Department of Health (2016), the nervous systems and brains of young children and fetuses develop quickly; therefore, the exposure
of lead gets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exactly how are young children being exposed to lead? Lead cannot be tasted, seen, or smelled (OSDH, 2016). With that being said, families and
individuals may not even be aware that lead is in their homes. Water systems, lead–based paint, and older housing are the most common sources of
where lead can be found. There are numerous other sources of where lead can be found as well that individuals may not think of. In addition, for lead
to be in the blood, children and individuals must be exposed to the source of the lead. Numerous sources of lead include lead–based paint, water
systems in some counties, lead in soil, lead in dust, lead in blinds, and lead in older housing (OSDH, 2016). The most common one is lead–based
paint, although it is no longer used. Lead–based paint appears to be in older housing. It appears that houses that are built before the 1950's and until
1978 are more likely to have lead–based paint in the home. For

Eczema And The Integumentary System
Like we learned in chapter 1 the job of the integumentary system is to cover and protect the body but what happens if your skin develops a disease
like eczema? Eczema is a chronic, common, non–infective inflammatory condition characterized by intense pruritus, redness, and scaling (Eczema,
p.1). This condition can appear at any age, but it usually occurs during infancy or early childhood (Eczema, p.1). Eczema or any skin disease are the
most common group of occupational health problems leading to absence from work (Eczema, p.1). Several factors play a big role in eczema, both
internally and externally, depending on your genetic makeup you may be prone to getting eczema in as early as a few months after you were born or
by allergens as a young ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3). Scratching any of the infected areas can make it more painful, it can make the skin become more infected or even to blister or bleed because of
the scabs created from scratching. If you do not treat eczema with any topical steroids or continue to scratch it will cause it to rapidly worsen in
such way as it becoming infected, huge blisters intensified itching (Eczema, p. 6). Eczema is widespread, all throughout the world, depending on
your surrounding environment or your genetic makeup you can become affected with it. Eczema is painful in such a way of intense itching that
can leave to tears in the skin or an infection. There is no way to test for it so there is no way to cure it only ease symptoms. My cousin has eczema
when she was only a few months old she would get rashes in on the bends of her knees and under her neck in her fat rolls the doctor would call them
hot spots. My aunt could not change detergents or her soap, and the hotter it got outside the worse it would be on her, sometimes it even looked like
someone burnt her skin because of how bad it

The Most Vital Functions Of The Nervous System
The most vital functions of the nervous system is to provide information about the occurrence or threat of injury. One of the ways this is done is in
form of pain. However, sometimes, established pain can go beyond its protective role, thus becoming a disease in itself than just being a symptom. This
condition is called chronic pain. The injury or the precipitating event can be physical (like in case of phantom limb pain or post–surgical pain),
infection (as with post–herpetic neuralgia), systemic disease (like with diabetic neuropathy), drug (chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy) or can
sometimes be unknown (trigeminal neuralgia, migraine, cluster headache, etc.) Even today, the pathological processes involved in genesis,
establishment and continuation of such diseases are poorly understood. Eventually, such painful conditions usually remain refractory to available
treatments.
According to International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), globally, it has been estimated that 1 in 5 adults suffer from pain and that
another 1 in 10 adults are diagnosed with chronic pain each year. Moreover, according to a recent (2014) article in the Journal of Pain, chronic pain is
the most prevalent and disabling condition affecting at least 100 million Americans. It is also the most expensive public health condition with annual
cost to society exceeding that of combined costs of diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Then, we have set of diseases that follow chronic pain. This

Diabetic Patients : An Ignored Cause Of Abdominal Pain
Truncal neuralgia in diabetic patients: An ignored cause of abdominal pain
Mohamed Lotfy, Hazem N. Ashri, Mostafa M. Khairy
ABSTRACT
Aims: We aim to study diabetic patients, with abdominal pain and neuralgia somewhere else in their bodies, and search for the relation between their
abdominal pain and the lower intercostal neuralgia (T7–11 and subcostal).
Methods: Between July 2016 and February
2017 this study was carried out in emergency department, Zagazig University Hospital. 23 patients were subjected to this study and divided into
(group A = 15 patients had right upper abdominal pain) and (group B = 8 patients had right lower abdominal pain). This grouping was not created for
comparative reasons, it was done because we were studying the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Truncal neuralgia should be put in the surgeon's mind when managing any diabetic patient with abdominal pain of unrevealed aetiology by the usually
used investigations.
Keywords: Abdominal pain, Diabetic, Truncal neuralgia How to cite this article
Lotfy M, Ashri HN, Khairy MM. Truncal neuralgia in diabetic patients: An ignored cause of abdominal pain.
Edorium J Surg 2017;6():****.
Article ID: *********
*********
doi:**********
INTRODUCTION
Intercostal neuralgia is defined as a neuropathic state affecting the intercostal nerves, presenting as strong pain.
It may be shooting, sharp, or of burning quality. The pain is steady and May involve any of the intercostal nerves and the subcostal nerve [1, 2].
Intercostal Neuralgia is caused by a diversity of reasons such as diabetes mellitus, nerve entrapment,
ORIGINAL ARTICLE PEER REVIEWED | PROVISIONAL PDF
Edorium Journal of Surgery, Vol. 6; 2017.
Edorium J Surg 2017;6():****. www.edoriumjournalofsurgery.com Lotfy et al. 2 iatrogenic neuroma, traumatic, persistent nerve irritation and herpes
zoster [1].
Intercostal neuralgia is common in diabetes mellitus
(DM) patients. It is one of the types of peripheral neuropathies linked to DM. It is present as a localized abdominal or chest pain, which may mimic a

referred pain from the intra–abdominal or intrathoracic organs. When it is ignored as a cause of pain in such regions it may lead to do extensive and
unneeded clinical investigations and surgical procedures

Charcot Foot: Peripheral Neuropathy
Charcot Foot
By
Martin Vedder
Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy or more commonly referred to as Charcot foot is a condition most often associated with diabetic neuropathy.
This serious condition often affects the bones, joints and soft tissues and can lead to serious deformation or even amputation of the lower extremity.
So, in the following paragraphs the causes, signs and symptoms, how it's diagnosed, treated, and typical prognosis will be discussed.
The main cause of Charcot foot is repetitive injuries seen in patients who have peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is defined as a break in
communication, or damage done to, a peripheral nerve resulting in a loss in varying degrees of sensation. Peripheral neuropathy has ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surgical treatments are based on an expert's opinion. There are many surgical options depending on the type and severity of the Charcot foot. If it's a
mild deformity and the patient has tightness at the back of the heel, surgical lengthening of the Achilles tendon can help decrease pressure on the
front of the foot. This would allow ulcers in that area to heal and will reduce the chance of them returning. In more severe cases, a bony prominence
is present on the bottom of the foot. If the deformity is stable, surgery would include removing of the bony prominence. If, however, the deformity is
unstable, the bones would be too lose for a simple removal of the prominence as they would simply move back into place post–surgery. In this case, it
is likely that a new prominence would develop. If this is the case, having the bones repositioned and fused is often necessary. If there is deformity in
the patient's ankle, a prescriptive shoe or brace is very often ineffective. In this case, surgical fusion of both the ankle and the joint below it are often
required to stabilize the foot. The amount of damage in the bone and soft tissue present in ankle deformities due to Charcot foot make the risk of the
bone not healing and acquiring an infection high. Amputations are sometimes required in these situations. It is also notable that in diabetics, the bones
tend to

Peripheral Neuropathy
The Common Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy
The peripheral nervous system serves the areas in the extremities of the body. The nerves within that system provide a number of functions, depending
upon which one is being affected. Typically, nerves can be classified as sensory (receiving sensation), motor (controlling muscle movement) and
autonomic (regulating functions such as heart rate and blood pressure). One of the issues that may occur with those nerves is peripheral neuropathy. A
number of symptoms of the condition may be experienced.
Peripheral neuropathy is an issue in which the peripheral nerves are damaged. This often leads to symptoms that are associated with either the hands or
the feet but it may also affect more than one area

Questions On Sexual Health History And Sexual Needs
me to gain my clients trust. Without having the trust of my client, I believe she wouldn't have shared as much with me as she did. During the last
clinical, I had to ask some tough and personal questions about my client. The questions were about their sexual health history and sexual needs. I
personally didn't feel too comfortable in asking these questions, but I knew they were important to ask. I went ahead and just asked the questions. The
great thing about this situation is that my client didn't really hesitate about answering the questions and didn't mind being ask those type of questions. I
believe that since I had been able to build a trust in our relationship, that she had enough trust in me to share her answers for the questions.
Socio–political Knowing My client is very much an independent person, who care about taking care of her health and staying well. Though,
relating to age, she is an older woman that experiences complications in health due to her age. One of the complications that she's experiencing is
weakness. DC uses a walker to help assist when she's mobile. Without her walker it would make it very difficult for her to walk and get around
without the risk of falling. DC independent, she's able to complete her daily living activities at her own abilities. During my clinical, DC did indicate
that when she takes a shower, she has someone that works at Wesley Acres that comes and sit her living room while she's showering. She says that this
is in case if

Pain Informative Speech
Hello Mr. Lopez, your doctor has prescribed you Oxycodone 5–325 and Gabapentin for neuropathy pain. The order states to take Gabapentin with
pain; however, if the pain is severe take the Oxycodone 5–325.With the pain medications, it can cause adverse reactions such as cognitive changes.
With these medications you may have vision, memory, mood or hearing changes. These effects can lead to falls (Tabloski, p.133, 2014). Therefore, it
is important to take these medications while you are sitting down. Also, with these medications do not do strenuous activities, drive or try to climb any
steps.This will help prevent falls, if you are aware of the adverse effects. With these medications you will have pharmacokinetic changes.
Pharmacokinetic changes

Neuropathy Program Pros And Cons
The neuropathy solution program
Introduction
I have heard many people complaining about feeling pain in some part of the body. This makes me ask the question, what are the causes of neuropathy?
Nobody loves being tormented with numbness, intense stabbing pains among others.
My friend once told me that the doctor had told him there was no cure for the neuropathy he was experiencing. The only thing the doctor could do is
help reduce the pain by prescribing some medicines. In addition, he was informed that he would experience this neuropathy the rest of his life. When I
heard about this program, I immediately informed him.
There is no doubt that neuropathy robs us some of the best moments in our life because we cannot anything because of pain. Honestly speaking, this ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are no frequent doctor's appointment involved or buying of expensive drugs
It relieves us from those painful nervous pains
The diet program makes us have more energy and also have a good feeling about ourselves
You may start losing weight from the exercises you engage yourself in during the program
It has a 8weeks money back guarantee if the program does not work for you during the 8weeks after purchase
Once you purchase this program, you will customer care support any time you have a question about this program
Cons
I honestly haven't come across any disadvantage of using this program.
Is Neuropathy solution program

Autoimmunity Informative Speech
Do you feel fatigued even after you get a full night of sleep? Do you have achy muscles and joints, brain fog, inability to concentrate, or insomnia?
Do you get rashes, eczema, hives, or skin irritation? Do you have an inability to tolerate cold or heat? Do you get diarrhea, bloating, constipation, or
stomach pain? If you answered "yes" to several of these, there's a good chance you have an autoimmune condition. Many people suffer for years with
a vague set of symptoms that look like many other conditions but can't be clearly defined or put in a box. Today we know this previous gray area
actually defines the symptoms that precede or are involved in the process of autoimmunity.
This inflammation–based condition is a hot topic receiving lots

E. Coli Case Study 3.07
1. What is happening to the elementary school class? They all probably developed food or water poisoning; they have the same symptoms. 2. What
are the symptoms decribed in the case? Symptoms include fatigue, stomach pains, and fevers. 1. What does the doctor think may be the cause of Ms.
Hines' illness? E. Coli is causing the sickness. 2. There are many conditions with symptoms similar to those described in the story. Research the
symptoms. What bacteria or pathogens, other than E. coli, might be responsible for these illnesses? What are some examples of other ilnesses that can
have similar symptoms? It could be the flu, gastroentitis, food poisoniung, IBS, or samonella. 3. How could a class that visited a park potentially be
exposed to E.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are the next steps for Principal Pinder to prevent further outreaks in the future? Making them wash their hands and not letting them get in the
water. 1. Review the three methods for assesing water samples. Discuss the ease of use and the tools needed for the analysis. Three ways to assess
water are positive/negative, membrane filtration and IDEXX Colilert and Enterolert assays. For membrane filtration, petri dishes and an incubator
are used. For IDEXX coliert powdered medium is used for total coliform and E. Coli, while Enterolert media is used for enterococci. Also an
incubator, colilert trays are used. IDEXX is more expensive than membrane filtration. 2. Which test could be performed by a novise? The positive 1
negative tests could be performed by a novice. 3. Which would require hgher levels of technical knowledge? Membrane filtration and the IDEXX
colilert and Enterolert assays would require higher levels of technical knowledge. 4. Research the methods to determine the EPA approved methods for
bacteria analysis. Membrane filtration is approved by the EPA. 5. Of the three statements, which do you feel weould be the mot accurate and
informative? The most reliable or most accurate method if the IDEXX

Benefits Of Peripheral Neuropathy
If your ability to work is affected by peripheral neuropathy, you may be eligible to receive disability benefits as a result. Peripheral neuropathy is a
result of damaged message carrying nerves throughout parts of the body that are unable to deliver information to the brain and spinal cord. A person's
ability to perform in any given work place can be greatly affected by this.
While there are a variety of medical conditions which go hand in hand with peripheral neuropathy, diabetes is the most common. When nerves which
transmit pain and other signals to the brain are damaged due to regularly high blood sugar levels, diabetic neuropathy can occur.
People can have difficulty walking or even standing because they are unable to feel or experience

Chief Complaint Case Study
Chief Complaint
Peripheral neuropathy.
History
Patient is 71–year–old white right–handed white female who presents with her sister for evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. She states that it started
about a year and a half ago in her toes and has slowly increased to involve her soles of her feet and the dorsum and now the lower one third of her
calves bilaterally. There is occasional problems with edema in her lower extremities, but this has come later. The severity of the numbness changes if
she walks for a long period of time, at which point it gets more numb. She currently is not having any burning or jabbing pain. She does not have the
symptoms in her hands or in her torso. She does have hypothyroidism, but she is on medication. She is obese with problems with fasting glucose and
hyperglycemia. Her hemoglobin A1C went from 4 to slightly over 5 over the course of the last year, but she has not been given the diagnosis of
diabetes. She has no other medical risk factors for developing the peripheral neuropathy. She is unable to give any further history, except on detailed
questioning, she does not have any problems with ambulation in the dark or on uneven surfaces and has not had any falls. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The EMG of the lower extremities was normal. The MCV revealed mainly decreased amplitudes of the sensorimotor nerves, but with decreased tibial
velocities bilaterally.
Review of Systems
Morbidly obese, decreased visual acuity requiring glasses, tinnitus, GERD, hip pain, G4, P4, postmenopausal, insomnia, seasonal allergies.
Social History
She does smoke. She drinks

The Detailed Selection Process Of A Systematic Review :...
Results 3.1 Study Selection The detailed selection process of the included studies can be found in Figure 1. Each database was searched individually,
but the total number of hits was 2,919, of which 2,223 articles remained after deduplication. After applying our predefined inclusion and exclusion
criteria to the titles and abstracts of these papers, 38 remained for full text review by the two reviewers. The manual–search of the reference lists
revealed seven more studies which did not appear during the electronic searches. At the end of the screening and selection process twenty–two studies
(twenty–four published papers) met our inclusion criteria and were included at this systematic review.3.2 General study characteristics Twenty–two...
Twenty–one of the 22 studies included both male and female participants, while one included only male participants (Otis et al., 2013). Detailed
information regarding study characteristics can be found in Table 3.3.3 Clinical characteristics of the studies Regarding participants' clinical
characteristics, from 40.9% to 88.3% were taking pharmacological medication. The most common medication types reported within the studies were
tricyclic antidepressants (37.5%), nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (29.1%), insulin (20.8%), opioids (16.6%), anticonvulsants (16.6%) and
antiepileptic (12.5%). 50% of the included studies did not report if the participants were taking any pharmacological medication (Dobrota et al.,
2014; Galer et al., 2000; Hoffman et al., 2009; Jane et al., 2016; Kulkantrakorn and Lorsuwansiri, 2013; Lewko et al., 2007; Otis et al., 2013;
Pfammatter, 2012; Sadosky et al., 2013; Teixeira, 2010; Zelman et al., 2005) and 40.9% of the studies did not report the medication type that
participants were taking, if any, (Galer et al., 2000; Hoffman et al., 2009; Jane et al., 2016; Kulkantrakorn and Lorsuwansiri, 2013; Lewko et al., 2007;
Otis et al., 2013; Pfammatter, 2012; Teixeira, 2010; Zelman et al., 2005). There were various reported comorbidities in the included studies. The most
common reported comorbidities were: congestive heart failure, hypertension, nephropathy, foot ulcer, dyslipidaemia, retinopathy and

Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is defined as damage to nerves caused by diabetes. Nerve damage in the arms, legs, hands and feet caused by diabetes is referred
to as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. While some patients may have extremely painful symptoms, others may be asymptomatic. If there is damage to
the peripheral nerves, one might not be able to feel normally in their arms, hands, legs, and feet. In some cases, these parts may feel numb. Some may
also have a needles and pins, or burning sensation. These symptoms are often worsened at night and can interfere with sleep. "Painful diabetic
neuropathy symptoms exhibit a symmetrical 'stocking and gloves' distribution and are often associated with nocturnal exacerbation (Aslam, Singh, &
Rajbhandari, 2014,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One such test is performed using calibrated, sterile, disposable needle . "A constant force is applied perpendicularly on the skin of the foot until the
calibrated mark is reached. A record is made as to whether the patient responded to any sensation felt in the foot (Nather et al., 2011, para.

The Common Long Term Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus
One of the most common long–term complications of diabetes mellitus is painful neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is estimated to affect about 60–70%
of all diabetes patients and can lead to foot ulcers, amputations, and decreased quality of life. The most common form is chronic peripheral neuropathy
which results in pain and numbness in the extremities, usually described as a burning, tingling, or steady aching pain.1 Patients may also feel increased
sensitivity to pain or experience paresthesia, a sensation of tingling, tickling, or prickling of the skin.1 According to current guidelines, intensive
glycemic control is very important for the prevention and reduction of peripheral neuropathy and other microvascular complications.1,2 Medications
used to help relieve nerve pain include duloxetine and pregabalin (LyricaВ®), which are both approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for
use in diabetic neuropathy. Other drug classes commonly used are antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids.3 Although there are many medications
used for this condition, pain relief is often insufficient for patients. Treatment is difficult due to the complicated pathophysiology of pain transmission
and the wide range of mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat pain. Therefore, there is a continued need for additional medication options for this
chronic painful condition. Lacosamide is an anticonvulsant approved for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for partial–onset seizures.

Research Paper On Diphtheria
DIPHTHERIA
Diphtheria is an acquired disease and can only be spread by humans. It is spread from person to person, normally through respiratory droplets which
are expelled from the body by sneezing or coughing. The disease can also be spread when a person comes in contact with an object that an infected
person has touched, such as a phone, that has the disease from the infected person on it. Very rarely,Diphtheria can be spread when an un–infected
person touches an open sore or clothes that touched the infected person clothes. Transmission of Diphtheria will occur as long as the virus is in the
respiratory droplets, which varies from person to person but is normally less than two weeks. Babies that have mothers that have been immunized to ...
does describe some symptoms accurately, including the paralysis of the roof of the mouth. Later on, in the second century A.D., the Aretaeus of
Cappadocia gave a description of a disease which is closer to diphtheria: "The manner of death is most piteous; pain sharp and hot as from carbuncle;
respiration bad, for their breath smells strongly of putrefaction, as they constantly inhale the same again into their chest, they are in so loathsome a state
that they cannot endure the smell of themselves... Hoarseness, loss of speech supervene; and these symptoms hurry on from bad to worse, until
suddenly, falling to the ground, they expire." The first discoveries into what caused diphtheria started in 1883 in Germany. Edwin Klebs, a
microbiologist, had removed two types of bacteria from patients with diphtheria. There were rod–shaped bacteria and chains of round ball–shaped
bacterium. His research led him to believe the rod–shaped bacteria caused the disease, however he was unable to prove this with certainty. After this,
another German microbiologist, Fredrick Loeffler, conducted a series of experiments in 1884 on diphtheria. First, he had to develop a better way to
stain the bacteria so they could be visualized easier in the patients with the disease. Using his improved staining technique, he examined tissue from 27
patients with diphtheria. He was able to confirm the

Peripheral Neuropathy Essay
Peripheral neuropathy involves damage to the peripheral nervous system which serves as a major communication network for the brain, the spinal
cord other parts of the body. Peripheral nerves are responsible for sending sensory information such as "cold feet" back to the brain. It is also
responsible for sending signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles to elicit movement. There are more than 100 types of peripheral
neuropathy and each is classified based on the type of damage on the nerve. Some peripheral neuropathies are due to damage to the myelin sheath
which is the fatty protein that coats and insulate the axon. This myelin sheath is important for increasing the speed at which impulses propagate down
a myelinated nerve fiber.

Peripheral Neuropathy In Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to deal with the quantity of
glucose and other carbohydrates entering the body, or by the insensitivity of the body to the normal action of insulin.
One of the most common complications of diabetes is neuropathy, occurring in 60–70 percent of diabetic patients. This refers to nerve damage caused
by abnormally high levels of various metabolites in response to high sugar levels in the blood and tissues. Its prevalence is higher with longer duration
of disease, and with age, as well as with unstable or uncontrolled hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
Causes and symptoms
Neuropathy in diabetes is postulated to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes frequently leads to amputation; for this reason, foot care is of paramount importance. Daily personal foot
examination is mandatory to arrest problems early. In addition, expert appraisal is also recommended, several times a year.
Normalizing blood glucose levels is the first step in managing diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In fact, diabetic peripheral neuropathy is best prevented
by a tight control of blood glucose levels. This is achieved by careful monitoring, dietary modifications, exercise, and the use of medications or insulin.
Newer treatments to slow down the progress of or to reverse neuropathy are still under study.
Symptomatic treatment may help to control pain. This can range from topical preparations or oral pain–relieving medication to bed cradles which
prevent bedding from touching the painful limb. Smoking and drinking increase the risk of amputation and should be stopped, with help if

A Brief Note On Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ( Dnp )
Diabetic Foot Problems Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP), also know as Neuropathy nerve damage. "Diabetes can impair blood flow to your feet
and cause nerve damage" (Castro 180). High blood sugar can injure nerve fibers throughout your body, but diabetic neuropathy most often damages
nerves in legs and feet. " Enigmatically, recent reports have described that long–term tight glycemic control may be major risk factor for the
development of diabetic neuropathy" (Zhang, et al. 1). Diabetic neuropathy can also affects the eyes, retinopathy, increasing the risk for glaucoma and
blindness. Physicians recommend eye exams every six months to one year. The eyes must be checked often as vision can deteriorate quickly in
patients with diabetes. A person with diabetes may not be aware of a wound or injury to their foot due to a decreased sensation in their feet, a
condition called diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, great care must be taken to inspect the feet everyday. Neuropathy is a chronic condition, which will
get worst over the time. Been diagnosed with neuropathy can change a patients life; this can turn into a chronic disease that will be treated with
adequate medication, maintaining low blood sugars, doing self–examinations of the feet to prevent any further complications and visiting the physician
as directed to do routine check ups.
"Diabetic neuropathy begins as a generalized asymptomatic dysfunction of sensorimotor or autonomic peripheral nerve fibers and is by far the

Why Is An Itch Worse Than Pain Essay
Why is an itch worse than pain?
When you're in pain there's no question to it. It's there, whether you like it or not. You can get over it, you can think you're being over dramatic but
ultimately bruised knees are bruised knees. What is an itch? Dry skin? Infected skin? Either way, you can't see it. Theres no evidence that something
itches. Maybe it's all imaginary. Maybe it's not. When you work through pain there's a sort of achievement, you've been brave. If you ignore an itch,
the itch just gets worse. It's just annoying, frustrating and unrewarding. I suppose emotional pain is much like an itch. You can't see it and it's
impossible to ignore. Why is it happening? Who knows. Why do we feel emotion? Who knows. When we feel physical pain there's evidence, there's
seldom ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another thing I know, is that this is almost certainly my most predominant flaw. Whether this is because I think to much or whether this is because I
think to little is a complete mystery. One thing I do know, however, is that it is quite possibly because I am so in–between. Much the same as
Alexander II lost control because he was neither too liberal nor conservative, I feel like I am the same way inclined. When learning about the Tsar
I empathised with this character completely, purely because I felt I could relate. Life is always led on the fence. Call me inauthentic, but
sometimes it's best not to make a decision. However, much like Alexander, I live a life that relies on decision after decision. I am not a follower,
thus I cannot sit on the fence forever. Perhaps, life is merely a matter of the road less travelled. There is in fact no meaning behind anything.
Whichever road you take is indifferent because who knows what the other road would have held. Maybe, my problem is that I take everything too
seriously and too concrete. By necessity of putting such a weight on all of my options I leave myself dazed and

Taking a Look at Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a fairly common neurological problem and is a generalized term that means that there is a disorder in the peripheral
nervous system. Being that this is a broad definition and includes many varieties and causes of peripheral nerve disease, a proper diagnosis is
needed for the definition to be specified. The overall prevalence of the condition is about 2400 (2В·4%) per 100 000 population, but in people older
than 55 years, the prevalence rises to about 8000 (8%) per 100 000. (Simpson, 2010) Yet this does not include traumatic peripheral nerve injuries
meaning that the number of peripheral neuropathy in our society is greater. In first world countries, the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy is
diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin
action, or both. (Loganathan, 2006) Due to the fact that the diagnose of diabetes mellitus has increased in our general population of the USA, the
amount people in risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is also expected to increase.
In our case we are dealing with diabetic peripheral neuropathy that results from nerve damage due to the high blood glucose levels diabetics. About 60
to 70 percent of people who have had diabetes for many years have some form of nerve damage, but not everyone has symptoms. (Inzucchi, 2012)
Common types of diabetic neuropathy are those that affect the limbs along with the

Patient Information And Current Hospital Course
Patient Information and Current Hospital Course Patient S.G. is a 67–year–old female who came to Lutheran on March 28th. This patient's pennant
history has to do with the reason for her admission of a red swollen left leg. This patient has a fibromyalgia, had ovarian cancer 15–20 years ago,
Arthritis, chronic back pain, psoriasis, MRSA infection in 11/5/2014, Uterine cancer, Type 2 diabetes, andperipheral neuropathy. This client's Type 2
diabetes has led to the neuropathy that led to the surgery and with the amputation of her toes, and red swollen legs. She has no abnormal labs, other
then high blood glucose before receiving her timely dose of insulin. They are currently treating her to reduce the swelling, tenderness, and redness in ...
Because they now diabetes will not just go away, they found another variety of treatments for the pain. Analgesics will provide relief for the symptoms.
In evidence–based research they found that the drug Gabapentin and sodium valproate works best to relieve the pain.
The discussion of improving the quality of life of these patients was also a bid discussion. Peripheral neuropathy can have a large impact on a person's
day–to–day activities, and disrupt sleep patterns. With this these patients are at risk for injury, decrease mobility, and isolative behaviors (Sibbald, G.
2012). What I learned most from this article was that there are many ways to treat the pain of this disease, and we need to look into the best option
for our patients. By doing this we will have a greater chance of improving their quality of life.
The second research article covered a screening tool for Diabetics. This tool would be a great way for nurses to do a quick 60–second screening to
detect the high–risk diabetic foot and help prevent complications in the future (Oxman, M. 2011). The tool is a paper that the patient and nurse to
work through with yes or no questions ranging from the history of any ulcers, to the nurse seeing any deformities (Oxman, M. 2011). I think that this
would be a great assessment tool for all diabetic patients to start doing even before they start to have symptoms. This way if symptoms do

A Brief Note On Diabetes And The World Health Organization
or insulin can be required (Diabetes UK 2012). This case study states at what stage he was diagnosed, and what were his present risk factors. The main
factors contributing to diabetes is obesity, there also other pre–diabetic risk factors such as ethnicity, poverty, and age. Obesity has become a major
factor also known as an increased BMI (body mass index). The world Health Organisation has mentioned that by 2015, 2.3 billion people will be
obese. In UK alone the rates have doubled in the past years. Different ethnic minorities have higher prevalence in diabetes, figures have shown
ethnicities such as African, Caribbean, and Pakistani origins are more obese in comparison to Bangladeshi and Chinese. This 45 year old gentleman
incurred a trauma injury to the metatarsal and that had caused a wound, which later developed an infection, but was showing no signs of healing.
He was admitted to the hospital and Further tests were done such as the HBA1c (glycated haemoglobin). Diabetes UK (2015) states An HbA1c of
48mmol/mol (6.5%) is recommended as the cut off point for diagnosing diabetes, other tests done were UE, FPG (fasting [plasma glucose test, FBC,
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) , and CRP, Raised Triglycerides and total cholesterol were also present. From this it showed he had undiagnosed
type 2 diabetes for over 10 years, 2 years prior to this injury he was diagnosed with retinopathy. Retinopathy (is damage to the retina) this is a
complication that

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Globally, The number of patients with diabetes is increasing rapidly. By the year 2035, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is expected to
rise to 592 million (IDF ATLAS 20131). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading
cause to amputations in hospitals (Boulton 20052). The prevalence of DPN is estimated to be 50–60% (Sandireddy R 20143). The pain associated
with DPN can affect the patient quality of life (QOL). It affects their sleep, lifestyle, work and even can cause or be associated with depression (Jensen
MP 20074). It is not well understood whether the mechanism behind peripheral neuropathy with diabetes is hyperglycemia or other insulting
pathophysiological mechanism like proinflamatory immune mediators (Herder C 20135, Goh S–Y 20086). One of the possible mechanisms is the
demyelination of the small C fiber, this is the leading cause behind the pain sensation with... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prevention and slowing the progression of DPN via glucose control has been demonstrated to be effective in patients with type 1 diabetes, but may
not be as effective in patients with type 2 diabetes (Callaghan BC 201211). Other studies found no correlation between glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1C) with mean of 6.9% and the severity of DPN (Owolabi MO 201212). Diabetic patients are more susceptible to dyslipidemia and metabolic
syndrome. Those patients have body mass index (BMI) в‰Ґ30Kg/m2, abnormal glucose metabolism with insulin resistance, high
low–density–lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low high–density lipoprotein (HDL). Those abnormal findings expose
patients to atherosclerotic changes and microvascular complications together with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (Mooradian AD

Peripheral Neuropathy Research Paper
A Peripheral Neuropathy A peripheral neuropathy is an injury to the peripheral nerves which can result in pains and weakness of the hands and feet.
A peripheral neuropathy can be caused by a traumatic injury or an infection. Symptoms and sings for a peripheral neuropathy depend on the types of
nerves that are affected including: sensory, motor and autonomic nerves. The signs and symptoms of these three types of nerves are: pains as burning
in the hands, arms, feet or legs, weak muscles, falling down, dizziness and digestion problems etc... There are a lot of reasons why a person will have a
peripheral neuropathy including alcohol, infection, diabetes, medications, inherited and taking poisons. Moreover, it's safer to see a specialist in

What Is The Cause Of Peripheral Neuropathy?
The human body has 95 to 100 billion nerve cells, and 85 billion are in the brain ("Nerve Pain and Nerve Damage"). The nervous system is
responsible for everything you do. It regulates breathing, controls muscles, and sends and receives signals. Nerve damage is damage or destruction to
nerves or the spinal cord ("Nerve Damage"). It can occur in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It also affects autonomic, motor, and sensory
nerves. Although nerve damage can heavily affect your quality of life, there are common practices and solutions to treat and prevent nerve damage.
Autonomic nerves control the involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, digestion, temperature regulation, and blood pressure. Motor nerves
control movements ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nerve damage results in almost $150 billion spent in annual health–care in the United States. Today, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke seeks knowledge about the brain and nervous system to help prevent neurological disease. In addition to efforts to prevent and treat nerve
damage, other studies inform new strategies for relieving neuropathic pain (National Institutes of Health). Lidocaine patches are used to relieve
neuropathy pain by stopping nerves from sending nerve signals. Lidocaine is in a class of medications called local anesthetics. It comes as a patch to
apply to the skin whenever it is needed. It has shown improvements in the intensity of nerve damage. Although nerve damage can heavily affect your
quality of life, there are common practices and solutions to treat and prevent nerve

What Is An Appeal For Peripheral Neuropathy?
On Tuesday 06/27/2017, veteran Mr. Saenz walked very angrily in my office with his wife about 11:00 AM. I greeted them and offered to sit
down; Mr. Saenz and Mrs. Saenz were very upset and asked me where they need to go as they have VA examination, they both said "nobody tells
them anything; they have been sitting in waiting room". They told me that the lady on the desk told them to come to me. Veteran and his wife asked
me about "where is his VA examination", why he did not receive 70 % like other veterans "how he is combined 80% with 130 percent different
disabilities" then he asked about his 2 pending appeals, including his appeal for peripheral neuropathy, IU claim, why VA is not paying him correctly,
he has Malaria and headaches did... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saenz said it is not true. This is wrong. I am unable to work my whole body is disabled and I am 130 percent. Then Mrs. Saenz pointed to her
husband and said" He is confused and many times he cannot understand what is said, at this point Mr. Saenz became upset and tried to shut his
wife. Mr. Saenz then continued that he filed an appeal for IU and many other conditions like neuropathy but VA did not process them since 2014. I
looked VBMS was not working so I referred to VACOL/ MAPD/ and SHARE he had 3 appeals and a 020 pending, I read all the disabilities and the
appeal status in process. Mr. Saenz interrupted and said any veteran he talks to has 70 percent for neuropathy but VA has not assigned any to him
and assigned 20 % for DM2 only. He interrupted me that He does not want money but he wants to be rated correctly. I asked him if you want to
apply for increase in DM2 if he feels it is worsened. All of a sudden, he said you are saying I am asking for more money, and Mrs., Saenz stood up
and started yelling he will miss VA examination. I told them let me go and ask if someone call your name, after taking their permission, I went to front
desk secretary on the desk Mr. and Mrs. rushed after me. They started talking to a VA person standing near the counter. I told the secretary that Mr. and
Mrs. Saenz are very upset due to waiting. She laughed. I continuously tried to explain their inquiries, answer to their questions, kept empathizing, and
remain patient but

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Essay
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration,
ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral
neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose
control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It's accounts for 50–75% of non–traumatic amputations in diabetic patients.(Holzer SE, et al 1998, Boulton AJM,
1998,Malay DS, et al 2006)
DPN has been defined as "the presence of symptoms and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after the exclusion of other
causes" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assessment and diagnosis
The early diagnosis of neuropathy is crucial to stop progression to advanced stages, and further complications. (Toopchizadeh V., et al.2016) Early
intervention can protect diabetic patients from a risk of foot ulcers and amputation, improve the quality of life (Vlckova–Moravcova E, et al 2008.Van
Schie CH. 2008, Ismail K, et al 2007) and mitigate the socioeconomic consequences of diabetic foot disease. (Davis WA,et al 2006,Lavery LA,et al
2007,Gordois A,et al 2003 )
The diagnosis of DPN is primarily clinical, based on clinical suspicion and confirmatory examination findings from the history and examination,
followed by the exclusion of other potential causes.(Vinik A, et al 2013) Importantly, in any patients with neuropathy and specifically patients with a
severe form,it is essential to rule out any other causes apart from diabetes such as ,drug induced neuropathy (e.g. isoniazid) , alcohol abuse, nutritional
deficiency like vitamin B12 deficiency(Wile DJ,et al 2010),vasculitis , inherited neuropathies, and renal disease (Freeman R.2009) The clinical
presentation of DPN vary markedly from one patient to another depending on the type of sensory fibers involved. About 50% of patients is
symptomatic, commonly present with a burning

Should Marijuana Be Legalized Medical Marijuana?
Unit 4 Assignment
HA545–01
Marquetta Wiggins
Instructor: Dr. Eva Skuka
February 3, 2015
Introduction
Today's society this has change in some many ways. For instances laws has change some for the good and some for the bad. In this paper we be
discussing whether to continue the federal prosecution of medical marijuana patients and their providers under the accordance with the federal
controlled substance Act. There are so many opinions that people have on this issues. Some people may disagree with congress for passing this law
and they may feel that it's giving people the right to smoke marijuana freely and then you have some people that agree with this law being pass.
Because they may feel that it's helping people with different disease and with their chronic pain. Then you can't say that they just want to smoke
marijuana freely because all states have not passed the law that has legalized medical marijuana.
My first initial position of legalized medical marijuana I was against it mainly because I thought it was just for people to have fun. I never thought that
it could be something that helps people with their medical condition. After during research on this topic I take the position of that they shouldn't be
prosecution for having medical marijuana as long as they have a prescription for it from a board doctor that has the right to practices medicine.
There have been some studies conduct about medical marijuana from the center for medical

Normative Ulnar Nerve Conduction Analysis Essay
Normative ulnar nerve conduction study; comparison of two measurements methods
Introduction
Ulnar neuropathy is one of the most common entrapment neuropathis. It is mainly presented with weakness of ulnar innervated muscles and
parasthesis of the 4th and 5th digits(1). The п¬Ѓrst dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) are the two muscles which
frequently impaired .The neuropathy has a heteregenoues clinical presentation based on different involvement of fascicles within the ulnar nerve(2,3).
Diagnosis of the neuropathy is based on clinical and electrodiagnostic findings. Electrodiagnosis is typically performed to localize the nerve damage at
the elbow and to determine the severity of nerve involvement. Evidences demonstrated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our results were not similar to the findings of Azma et al or Ehler et al. Mean differences between ADM and FDI at forearm and elbow were–1.38
and –2.13,respectively.Mean differences recorded at forearm and elbow for ADM and FDI were–6.73 and –7.49,respectively.
Caliandro et al. have reported that in normal subjects FDI–CV is faster than ADM–CV. Considering that the conduction velocity of each axons is
associated with the external nerve п¬Ѓbre diameter ,they suggested that , higher diameter of fastest fibers to FDI than ADM could explain the findings.
Moreover, susceptibility to damage is higher in п¬Ѓbres to FDI than ADM(19).
Some studies did not report any significant differences for ulnar nerve MNCV recorded from ADM and FDI across the

Peripheral Neuropathy: Regular Exercise Routine
Lifestyle
Like all other ailments, Peripheral neuropathy also demands certain life style in which the patient is required to live in, in order to get the better out of
themselves. Thought having said all these over and over, these facts cannot be stressed enough.
Take care of your feet, especially if you have diabetes. Check daily for blisters, cuts or calluses. Wear soft, loose cotton socks and padded shoes. You
can use a semi–circular hoop, which is available in medical supply stores, to keep bedcovers off hot or sensitive feet.
Exercise. Ask your doctor about an exercise routine. Regular exercise, such as walking three times a week, may reduce neuropathy pain, improve your
muscle strength and help control blood sugar levels. Gentle routines

Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness, loss of feeling in hands, arms, feet, and
legs. Nerve problems can occur in every organ system. Diabetic neuropathies appears more common in people who have problems controlling their
blood glucose, those with high levels of blood fat, high blood pressure and obese (Porth, 2015). Metabolic factors include high blood glucose,
abnormal blood fat levels, and low insulin levels. Neurovascular factors are associated to damage to the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to
nerves (Porth, 2015). Autoimmune factors that cause inflammation in nerves. Mechanical injury to nerves, for example, carpal tunnel syndrome (Porth,
2015). Inherited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It affects the nerves that control the heart, regulate blood pressure, and control blood glucose levels (Callaghan, 2012). Autonomic neuropathy
interferes with the body's ability to adjust blood pressure and heart rate, resulting in blood pressure to drop sharply after sitting or standing, causing
light–headed or even to fainting. Damage to the nerves that control heart rate can mean that the heart rate stays high, instead of rising and falling in
response to normal body functions and physical activity. Nerve damage to the digestive system commonly causes constipation, causing the stomach to
empty too slowly (Callaghan, 2012). This can lead to persistent nausea and vomiting, bloating, and loss of appetite, making blood glucose levels
fluctuate widely, due to abnormal food digestion. Nerve damage to the esophagus makes swallowing difficult, while nerve damage to the bowels can
cause constipation alternating with frequent, uncontrolled diarrhea (Callaghan, 2012). Autonomic neuropathy often affects the control of urination,
which can prevent the bladder from emptying completely, allowing bacteria to grow in the bladder and kidneys and causing urinary tract infections.
Urinary incontinence may result due to not being able to sense when the bladder is full or control the muscles that release urine. It can also gradually
decrease sexual response in both

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