How do professionals prevent cerebral palsy? Many professionals work diligently toward preventing Cerebral Palsy by identifying risks, developing prevention measures, and implementing educational campaigns. When it comes Everyone has a role in preventing Cerebral Palsy When it comes to preventing Cerebral Palsy, several entities and individuals play a role in lowering the rate of birth injuries.

1. Cerebral Palsy
Sejojo Phaaroe FIBMS(UK) ; MGSc: CT(IAC) : MLSc(CNAA ) Ie : AHMP(YALE);
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Registered Charted -Medical Scientist- UK
Cytologist - International Academy of Cytology #6467
NLP Practitioner (Neuroscience ) GSF
Lead , Technical Assessor and Master Trainer- ISO15189 SADC -EU.
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2. CEREBRAL PALSY
• Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects movement
and muscle tone due to brain injury or malformation before, during, or
after birth.
• Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a disorder of motor function resulting
from maldevelopment or injury to the developing brain.
• The motor disorders of CP are frequently accompanied by other
associated impairments including intellectual disability, epilepsy and
sensory impairments

3. BRAIN FUNCTION

4. CAUSES
• About 14% of cerebral palsy cases may be tied to brain wiring genes
• (85-90%) of all cases are congenital(link is external), or born with the
disease, and some studies had suggested that cerebral palsy could be
inherited.
• the causes of many children’s cases had remained elusive.
• babies born prematurely or who experience a lack of blood flow or
oxygen during birth have a greater chance of suffering from the
disorder
• Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the
parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture

5. Causes
• Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormality or a disruption in brain
development. The problem in brain development could be due to:
• Mutation or changes in genes
• Infections during pregnancy such as herpes, rubella, or chickenpox
• The risk factors include:
• Fetal stroke or disruption in blood supply to the brain of fetus
• Infection or inflammation of the Fetal brain such as meningitis or viral
encephalitis
• Head injury during infancy
• Reduced oxygen supply or lack of oxygen to the brain, particularly
during labor
• Premature birth

9. signs and symptoms
• Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time,
• but include poor coordination,
• stiff muscles,
• weak muscles,
• and tremors.
• There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speaking.
• Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time,
• but include poor coordination,
• stiff muscles,
• weak muscles,
• and tremors.
• There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speaking.

10. cont
• Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as
early as other children of their age.
• Other symptoms include seizures
• and problems with thinking or reasoning, each of which occur in
about one-third of people with CP.
• symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life,
underlying problems do not worsen over time.

12. • CP is relatively common with an estimated prevalence of 1.3–1.9
cases per 1,000 live births in high income countries (2, 3).
• Whilst often described as a childhood disorder, CP is a lifelong
condition. Although many risk factors have been recognized, for many
individuals identifying the etiology of their CP can be difficult.

13. Complications
• The complications may include:
• Contracture or muscle shortening
• Epilepsy or seizures
• Blindness
• Deafness
• Malnutrition due to eating or swallowing difficulties
• Depression and social isolation
• Lung disease and breathing difficulties
• Early onset of osteoarthritis
• Osteopenia or bone fractures due to reduced bone density

14. damage the unborn baby's developing brain.
• Cytomegalovirus. This common virus causes flu-like symptoms. If a mother has her first active
infection during pregnancy, it can lead to birth defects.
• German measles, known as rubella. This viral infection can be prevented with a vaccine.
• Herpes. This infection can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, affecting the womb
and placenta.
• Syphilis. This is a bacterial infection that's usually spread by sexual contact.
• Toxoplasmosis. This infection is caused by a parasite found in contaminated food, soil and the
feces of infected cats.
• Zika virus infection. This infection is spread through mosquito bites and can affect the brain
development of an unborn baby.
• Intrauterine infections. This includes infections of the placenta or fetal membranes.
• Exposure to toxins. One example is exposure to methyl mercury.
• Other conditions. Other conditions affecting the mother that can slightly increase the risk of
cerebral palsy include thyroid conditions, preeclampsia or seizures.

15. Prevention
• genetic screening and counselling
• A woman should get herself vaccinated for rubella or other
infectious diseases before planning pregnancy
• ANC screening
• Visit your doctor regularly during pregnancy
• The child should be prevented from suffering head injuries

16. • Your provider may recommend one or more of these tests.
• The doctor will review your child’s symptoms, medical
history, and then conduct a physical examination. Other
tests may be suggested.

17. Common tests & procedures
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI of the brain is performed to
identify any abnormalities within the brain.
• Ultrasound: Cranial ultrasound is generally used for infants; it uses
high-frequency sound waves to form images of the brain.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG): Used to record electrical activities in the
brain and check for seizures.
• Laboratory examination: To check for genetic or metabolic disorders.
HDNB

18. ANC screening
• Cerebral Palsy (CP) is not directly caused by HDFN, but untreated Rh
incompatibility can lead to serious birth injuries, which may
contribute to the development of cerebral palsy.
• Rh disease occurs in approximately 13% of pregnancies and can result
in anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, hydrops fetalis, severe jaundice,
and kernicterus.
• Checking blood types during pregnancy is crucial to identify Rh
incompatibility and ensure timely preventative treatments

19. Factors of pregnancy and birth
• The potential contribution from each is limited, but these pregnancy and birth
factors may increase the risk of cerebral palsy risk:
• Low birth weight. Babies who weigh less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kilograms) are
at higher risk of developing cerebral palsy. This risk increases as birth weight
drops.
• Multiple babies. Cerebral palsy risk increases with the number of babies
sharing the uterus. The risk also can be related to the likelihood of premature
birth and low birth weight. If one or more of the babies die, the survivors' risk
of cerebral palsy increases.
• Premature birth. Babies born prematurely are at higher risk of cerebral palsy.
The earlier a baby is born, the greater the cerebral palsy risk.
• Delivery complications. Events during labor and delivery may increase the risk
of cerebral palsy.

20. SCHOOL HEALTH
• promoting mental health and well-being supports the achievement of
education and learning objectives, and explains how intervention
benefits can be amplified with a whole-school and systems approach
• creating awareness
• resource mapping -talent for volunteers

21. benefits of school health programs:
• They can influence multiple health outcomes, including reducing sexual risk
behaviors related to HIV, STDs and unintended pregnancy, decreasing
substance and tobacco use, and improving academic performance.
• Access to education and safe and supportive school environments have been
linked to better health outcomes
• School health programs can reduce the prevalence of health risk behaviors
among youth and have a positive effect on academic performance
• By providing care for physical, behavioral, oral, and eye health and youth
development services on school campuses, school-based health programs
positively impact students’ health and learning
• School-based health centers can decrease student absences, provide
immunizations and check-ups, offer mental health services, help treat obesity
and asthma, support the greater community, and reduce emergency care
usage

22. Pathway ideal of referral

23. community outreach / clinic screening programs
Genogram

25. thank you