Cardiovascular System and its Components are explain with the help of detailed Slides . This presentation is made by Dr Sarmad Najeeb, an MBBS student from Mohiuddin islamic medical college mirpur, AJK.

2. • PRESENTED BY:
DR. SARMAD NAJIB
DR. SALMAN KHAN
DR. IRFAN ULLAH
DR. WALEED UZ ZAMAN

3. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

4. WHAT IS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
?
 Cardiovascular system carries blood,
oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones,
and other substances important for body
homeostasis.
The force to move blood around the
body which is provided by the heart and
blood vessels.

6. Components of CVS
 Consists of 2 components :
 Heart ( The pumping organ )
 Blood vessels ( The closed system of
vessels )

8. BLOOD
 Blood is a liquid tissue that circulates in
the cardiovascular system.
 It picks up oxygen from the lungs,
nutrients and water from the
gastrointestinal tract, hormones from
endocrine glands and enzymes from
other organs of the body.

9. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
2 main components :
 PLASMA
 FORMED ELEMENTS
DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

10. PLASMA
 Plasma is the liquid intercellular material that
imparts fluid properties to the blood.
 90% water
 7% comprises of Plasma proteins ( mainly
albumin and globulin )
 3% consists of glucose, amino acids,
electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic wastes,
enzymes, hormones etc.

11. FORMED ELEMENTS
 3 Types :
 Red Blood Cells
 White Blood Cells
 Platelets
DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

13. RED BLOOD CELLS ( RBCs )
 Also called Erythrocytes.
 These are non-nucleated cells, biconcave discs that measures
about 8 micrometer in diameter and 2 micrometer in
maximum thickness.
 RBCs are the most numerous of the formed elements which
counts varies from 4 to 6 million per microliter of blood.
 RBCs cytoplasm contains iron-containing pigment called
hemoglobin, which has the capability to bind and carry
oxygen as well as carbon dioxide.

14. WHITE BLOOD CELLS ( WBCs )
 Also called LEUKOCYTES.
 WBCs are nucleated cells having the ability to
move through blood vessels independently
and pass to the tissues.
 Larger in size than RBCs.
 Normal Count : 4000 to 11000 cells per
microliter of blood.

15. FUNCTION OF WBCs
The main function of WBCs is to destroy
micro-organisms at infection sites and
remove debris that results from dead or
injured tissue cells.

16. LEUKOCYTES
AGRANULOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES MONOCYTES
GRANULOCUTES
NEUTROPHILS EOSINOPHILS BASOPHILS

17. PLATELETS
 Also called THROMBOCYTES.
 These are small, anucleated, flat cytoplasmic
fragments ; 2-4 micrometer in diameter
 Normal Range : 150,000 to 400,000 per
microliter of blood
 Helps in BLOOD CLOTTING.

18. FROM NOW
ONWARDS DR.
SALMAN KHAN WILL
CARRY ON THE TOPIC
DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

19. HEART
 Heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular organ
located in the thoracic cavity.
 It is four-chambered organ; 2 atria and 2 ventricles.
 Its function is to pump blood to different parts of the
body.
 The atria receive blood entering the heart.
 The ventricles pump the blood out of heart.

21. STRUCTURE OF HEART
RIGHT HEART
 The right heart consists of right atrium and ventricle.
 The RIGHT ARTIUM receives deoxygenated blood through
superior and inferior vena cava and the veins draining the
heart wall.
 From right atrium the blood passes into the Right Ventricle
through the right atrioventricular valve which is guarded by
the tricuspid valve.
 The right ventricle pumps the blood into the pulmonary trunk,
which bifurcates into pulmonary arteries delivering blood to
the lungs.

22. LEFT HEART
 Consists of left atrium and left ventricle.
 The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs through four pulmonary veins.
 From the left atrium the blood passes to left ventricle
through left atrioventricular orifice guarded by mitral
valve.
 The left ventricle pumps the blood into Aorta to be
distributed throughout the body.

24. IMPORTANT STRUCTURES OF
HEART
 Papillary muscle
 Cardea tendinea
 Septa
 SA node
 Bundle of HIS
 AV node
 Purkinje fibers
 Size
 weight DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

25. STRUCTURE OF HEART WALLL
Consists of three coats or walls.
 Endocardium ( Innermost Layer )
 Myocardium ( Middle Layer )
 Epicardium ( Outer Layer )

26. ENDOCARDIUM
 Endocardium consists of endothelium
and a thin layer of subendothelial
connective tissue.
 Endothelium is a special type of
epithelium that forms the innermost
lining of the heart, blood vessels and
lymph vessels.

27. MYOCARDIUM
 Myocardium is the middle layer.
 Its consists of very thick layer of special variety
of striated muscles called CARDIAC MUSCLES.
 The pumping action of heart is due to the
contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles.

28. EPICARDIUM
Epicardium is the outermost layer.
It consists of layer of flat
epithelial cells under which lies a
thin layer of connective tissues.

30. FROM NOW
ONWARDS DR. IRFAN
ULLAH WILL CARRY
ON THE TOPIC
DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

41. DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

47. FROM NOW
ONWARDS DR.
WALEED UZ ZAMAN
WILL CARRY ON THE
TOPIC DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

60. DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB

65. DESIGNED BY:
SARMAD NAJIB