what is the Breast Cancer and types and its symptoms

1. In
Pharmaceutics Under the guidance of
MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Babu University,
Sree Sainath Nagar, Rangampet, Tirupati – 517102,Andhra Pradesh
February 2024
BREAST CANCER
A seminar presentation submitted to
Department of Pharmaceutics
In partial fulfillment of requirement for completion of 1
st
Semester
Presented by
N. Thanuja
23105B020005
Master of Pharmacy
Dr. Vema Kiran
Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics

2.  DEFINITION
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
 STAGES OF BREAST CANCER
 HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER
 TRATMENTS OF BREAST CANCER
 EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BREAST
CANCER
 REDUCE THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER
LIST OF CONTENTS
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3. BREAST CANCER
• Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast.
• A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade)
surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body.
 Cancer is a disease in which some of the body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
 It can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and
multiply through a process called cell division to form new cells as the body needs them.
 However, when cells become damaged or abnormal, they may grow and multiply when they shouldn’t.
 These cells can form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. Tumors can be either cancerous (malignant) or not cancerous
(benign).
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4. • The Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get too.
• The cancer cells typically originate inside the milk ducts or milk-producing lobules of the breast.
Whywomen are more common to have breast cancer than men ?
 There are several factors that could explain why breast cancer is more common in women :
1. More breast tissue in women
2. Different hormone levels : Estrogen and Testosterone are
present in both men and women, but at different levels.
3. Menstruation
4. Lactation
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7. TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
There are many types of breast cancer :-
Ductal carcinoma In situ (DCIS)
Invasive Ductal carcinoma
Inflammatory Breast cancer
Metastatic Breast cancer
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8. 1) Ductal carcinoma Insitu (DCIS) :-
 It is a non-invasive cancer were abnormal cells have
been found in the lining of the breast milk duct.
 The atypical cells have not spread outside of the ducts
into the surrounding breast tissue.
 Ductal carcinomas Insitu is very early cancer that is
highly treatable, but if its left untreated or undetected, it
can spread into the surrounding breast tissue.
2) Invasive Ductal carcinoma :-
 The abnormal cancer cells that began forming in the
milk ducts have spread beyond the ducts into other parts
of the breast tissue.
 IDC is the most common type of breast cancer, making
up nearly 70-80% of all breast cancer diagnosis.
 IDC is also the type of breast cancer that can most
commonly affects men.
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9. 3) Inflammatory Breast cancer :-
 Inflammatory Breast cancer is an aggressive and fast growing
breast cancer in which cancer cells infiltrate the skin and
lymph vessels of the breast.
 It often produces no distinct tumor or lump that can be felt
and isolated within the breast.
 But when the lymph vessels become blocked by the breast
cancer cells, symptoms begin to appear.
4) Metastatic Breast cancer :-
 The cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
 This usually includes the lungs, liver, bones or brain.
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11. HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER
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12. TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER :- 11

13.  The treatment of breast cancer has certain steps :
1. Surgery
2. Chemotherapy
3. Radiotherapy
4. Hormonal therapy
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14. 1. Surgery :
• The first step and most common form of treatment for breast cancer is surgery.
• Surgery involves removing the tumor and nearby margins.
• There are certain procedures in surgery :
a) Lumpectomy : Removal of cancerous tumor without removing the entire breast.
b) Mastectomy : Removal of the entire breast.
2. Chemotherapy :
• It is a breast cancer treatment method that uses a combination of drugs to either destroy cancer cells or slow down the
growth of cancer cells.
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15. 3. Radiotherapy :
• It uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
• It is a treatment that utilizes high-energy X-rays, protons, or other unstable particles,
in which hyperproliferative cells, such as cancer cells are affected more
and therefore more susceptible to radiotherapy compared to normal cells.
4. Hormonal therapy :
• Some types of breast cancer are affected by hormones, like estrogen and progesterone. The breast cancer cells have
receptors (proteins) that attach to estrogen and progesterone, which helps them grow. Treatments that stop these
hormones from attaching to these receptors are called hormone or endocrine therapy.
• If the cancr cells have hormone receptors, you may be prescribed hormone therapy drugs, such as blockers or
inhibitors.
• These types of drugs help to destroy cancer cells by cutting off their supply of hormones.
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17. SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER
 Lumps in the Breast or underarm
 Unusual or bloody nipple discharge
 Irritation or dimpling of breast skin
 Breast or nipple pain
 Inversion of the nipple
 Redness or Flaky skin in the nipple area or on the breast
 Thickening or swelling of all or part of the breast
 Itchy rash around the nipple
 Changes in the size or shape of the breast
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19. REFERENCES
1. STUCKEY A. 2011. Breast Cancer. 54(1):96-102. https://doi.org/10.1097/grf.0b013e3182080056
2. Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N. 2015. Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast
cancer: a review. Br J Pharmacol. 172(17):4228-4237. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13211
3. Willmann L, Schlimpert M, Halbach S, Erbes T, Stickeler E, Kammerer B. 2015. Metabolic profiling of breast
cancer: Differences in central metabolism between subtypes of breast cancer cell lines. Journal of Chromatography B.
100095-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.021
4. Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M et al. (2013a). The Concise Guide to
PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 170: 1459–1581.
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