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Bluetooth Technology-Introduction to Bluetooth, Technical Specifications, Bluetooth Protocol Stack
- 1. Bluetooth Technology Prasan Kumar Sahoo
- 2. Outline of the talk Introduction Applications and Usages Bluetooth Network Technical Specifications Bluetooth Protocol Stack Research issues Our Routing Protocols Summary
- 4. Naming In 10th Century, there was a Danish King: Harald Blatand He has united all the Scandinavian Countries Why its name is Bluetooth?
- 5. Founders used the King’s name for the globalization of their technology Bluetooth logo, created by a Scandinavian company, is composed from the characters "H" and "B" which are Danish king's name initials. Naming
- 6. 1994: Ericsson started the idea 1998: Special Interest Group (SIG) is formed with 5 companies Founder Group: Ericsson, Nokia, Intel, Toshiba, IBM 1999: Another 5 Major Companies joined. Promoter Group: Lucent, 3 Com, Motorola, Microsoft 2002: SIG became an Independent group with more than 3000 companies. Office: Kansas, USA History
- 7. SIG released first Spec in 1999 (Spec 1.0) Latest Spec in 2005 (Spec 2.0) First retail product found in market: 2001 History
- 8. It is a wireless, short range communication technology. Designed as a low cost, low power technology for all types of mobile devices. Used as a cable replacement among devices located within same area. Supports high data rate, voice and video transmission. What is Bluetooth?
- 9. Applications and Usages A cable replacement technology Range 10+ meters
- 11. PDA Cell Phone Cordless Phone Base Station Inkjet Printer Scanner Home Audio System Computer Digital Camera MP3 Player xDSL Access Point Home Network
- 12. Car Audio System Pay Phone & Access Point Hotel Phone & Access Point Headset MP3 Player PDA Cell Phone Laptop Car & Hotel Network
- 14. Ad-Hoc Network
- 23. Bluetooth Products Blue-Dongle Blue-Connect BluePort Bluetooth printer Bluetooth Modem
- 24. Current Products Access point (AP) Line connects to Internet Mobile Device
- 27. Two parts: Piconet & Scatternet Piconet: 1 Master can connect to 7 active slaves simultaneously. 7 active slaves 256 parked slaves [power saving mode]. Master controls the slaves in the piconet. Bluetooth Network
- 28. Who is a Master in Bluetooth? Any node who starts the Connection Procedure is the Master Master goes to Inquiry State Who is a Slave in Bluetooth? Any node who responds to the Master is a Slave Slave goes to Inquiry Scan State Master-Slave
- 29. Up to 256 slaves/piconet Max 7 slaves with active state/piconet A Piconet
- 30. Communication in a piconet
- 34. Technical Specifications Uses 2.4Ghz ISM unlicensed band for communication. Uses 79 channels to hop. Each device hops 1600 times/sec Hop Rate = 0.000625 sec = 625µsec This duration is called ONE SLOT. Packets are 1, 3 or 5 slots long Frame consists of two packets Uses Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping (FHSS) radio
- 35. Technical Specifications Data rate: 1Mhz Symbol rate: 1M bps Data rate: 721Kbps excluding header [Data] Uses Time Division Duplex (TDD) technique. Time is divided into 625ms(1 time slot) Master sends packet to its slaves in the Even time slot Slave sends packet to its Master in ODD time slot Uses 3 Power classes. Communication Range: 10 m, can be extended to 100 m.
- 37. 2.400 2.402 Guard band Guard band Channel 3 2.480 2.483 2.402-2.481 GHz 79 channels ISM unlicensed band Licensed band Bandwidth Management 2.481
- 38. Bandwidth Management 2.4GHz ISM band 2402-2483 M Hz In total, 79 channels are scheduled Each channel occupies 1M Hz Bandwidth: 1M bps 2402M 2403M 2404M 2480M 2.4G ISM band Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 79
- 39. Frequency hopping Master hops 1600/s 0.625ms/hop Master hops to another channel according to its hopping sequence Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 79 Channel 3 master Hopping sequence: 1,3,2,79… 1 2 th time slot 3
- 40. Hopping Sequence Generation Slave’s 48-bit Bluetooth address Function F Hopping sequence 3, 56,7,23,44,… CLK 00…011 Master’s Chip
- 41. How connection is established between the master and slaves? Two phases: Before Connection After Connection Before Connection: Inquiry/Inquiry Scan state Page/Page Scan state After Connection: Active mode Hold mode Sniff mode Park mode Master-Slave Connection
- 42. Before connection between Master and Slave: Master uses 32 channels to hop. Master hops in each 312.5 µsec. It hops 2 times within a single slot in the same channel. Slave also uses 32 channels to hop. Slave hops in each 625 µsec. It hops 1 time within a single slot in the same channel. Master-Slave Connection
- 43. Inquiry mode C0 C1 C16 C17 C31 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C31 C0 C1 C2 C31 C0 master slave Inquiry scan mode Master-Slave Connection
- 44. IDB IDA A IDD IDC B C D INQUIRY INQUIRY INQUIRY INQUIRY STATE INQUIRY SCAN STATE/Sleep INQUIRY SCAN STATE/Sleep INQUIRY SCAN STATE/Sleep Master-Slave Connection
- 45. IDB IDA A IDD IDC B C D FHS Packet INQUIRY STATE INQUIRY SCAN STATE INQUIRY SCAN STATE/Sleep INQUIRY SCAN STATE/Sleep FHS Packet: 1. B’s ID 2. B’ Clock IDB PAGE SCAN STATE PAGE STATE DAC Packet DAC Packet: 1. A’s ID 2. A’ Clock 3. Active Member Address IDA Master-Slave Connection
- 46. What is ACTIVE MEMBER ADDRESS: It is 3-bit address given by a Master to each slave AMA address: 000 for broadcasting use 001-111 for 7 active slaves What is ID here: ID is the Bluetooth Device Address It is always 48-bit Addressing
- 49. Post Connection Phase After connection of master and slave: Piconet is constructed All slaves follow the master’s hopping sequence Supports both voice (SCO) and data (ACL) transmission. Three possible power saving modes for each slaves: • Hold mode • Sniff mode • Park mode
- 52. OSI Model Bluetooth Bluetooth Protocol Stack
- 53. OSI vs Bluetooth Protocol Stack
- 54. RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data SDP RFCOMM IP Applications Protocol Stack Radio & Baseband Link Manager and L2CAP Host Controller Interface Application Framework and Support Latest Version on Bluetooth Website: www.Bluetooth.com
- 55. Modules Software RF Baseband Audio Link Manager LMP L2CAP TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Applications Data Protocol Stack
- 56. Most of the research issues lie in Scatternet. Research Areas: Topology Construction Scheduling Routing Energy consumption QoS Security Research Issues
- 57. Bluetooth: A Wireless PAN Research Issues
- 58. A node with multiple BT links may be a Master or Bridge or both. Bluetooth: Scatternet
- 60. Routing Vector Method (RVM)
- 61. Paper Title: LARP: A Novel Routing Protocol for the Bluetooth Scatternet Published: In the Proc. of IEEE, WOCN, Dubai, March, 2005. Authors: Chih-Yung Chang, Prasan Kumar Sahoo, Shih- Chieh Lee Our Routing Protocol
- 62. LARP: A Novel Routing Protocol for the Bluetooth Scatternet RVM M1 S1,1 S A M2 B S3,1 M3 D C Destination Source Master Bridge Hops=7
- 63. LORP M1 S1,1 S A M2 B S3,1 M3 C D Reply Packet C B A D Page Scan Page >10 M Destination Source Master Bridge Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page Hops=3 S Page LORP Page
- 64. Drawbacks of these work: Longer routing path length Long transmission delay time High bandwidth consumption High power consumption Drawbacks
- 65. Assumptions: Scatternet is connected Each device has it’s location information A source intends to communicate with destination whose ID is known and location is unknown All device have the neighbor information ID, Location and Clock_offset Low Mobility Mall, supermarket LARP: Location Aware Routing Protocol
- 66. Bluetooth device gets it’s location information: Outdoor ─By GPS Indoor─ RFID BLN “Bluetooth Location Networks,” Globecom '02 Environment
- 67. Route Search Phase Route Reply Phase Route Connection Phase Rule 1：Flooding Rule 2：Appending Rule 3：Reduction LARP: Location Aware Routing Protocol
- 68. Route Search Phase M1 S1,1 S A M2 B S3,1 M3 C D Dist(S, M2)>10 Dist(S,B)<10 PFN A B M3 C Appending Reduction S D Destination Source Master Bridge ID Loc M2
- 69. Rule: Reduction due to Replacement S x y w u D z v L Replace RSP.PFN x S y w u D RSP.DFN x S y w u D v v
- 71. Route Reply Phase M1 S1,1 S A M2 B S3,1 M3 C D Page Scan RRP.PFN S B M3 D C M2 M1 Page Replacing Reduction A Destination Source Master Bridge Replacing Reduction Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page Scan Page ID Loc
- 72. Route Construction Phase M1 S A M2 B S3,1 M3 C D RRP.PFN S D M1 Page Scan Page Destination Source Master Bridge Page Scan Page Scan Page Page
- 73. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 400 900 1600 2500 Scatternet Size (m2 ) Average of Routing Length RVM LORP LARP ELARP(30%) ELARP(70%) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 100 400 900 1600 2500 ScatternetSize(m 2 ) Fr act i on of B andw i dt h C onsum pt i on RVM LORP LARP ELARP(30% ) ELARP(70% ) Simulation Results
- 74. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1 1. 2 50 100 150 200 250 300 The N um berofR out i ng Pat h Fraction of Pow er Consum ption R V M LO R P LA R P ELA R P( 30% ) ELA R P( 70% ) Protocols Route Length Transmissio n delay Power and Bandwidth consumption Control Packet RVM Long Long High Few LORP Short Short Low Many LARP Very Short Very Short Very Low Many
- 75. Summary Bluetooth Technology is designed to replace wires. It is one up from IrDA and one down from Wi-Fi WLAN. IrDa and Bluetooth can coexist. Bluetooth does not need the device to be in line of sight. It's communications speed and distance are much worse than available with Wi-Fi. It supports 'ad-hoc networking‘.
- 76. Thank Q to All !!! Thank Q to All !!!