Problem identification, in-depth analysis, solutions and research gaps.

1. A Survey on Power System Blackout and Cascading
Events: Research Motivations and Challenges
Presented by:
Mehmood Iqbal  2706
Muhammad Abdullah  2708
Hassaan Khalid Khan  2704
Hamza Ayoob  2703
Hafiz Muhammad Anees  2701
Karachi Institute of Power Engineering (KINPOE)

2. Content
Problems
Effects
Blackout around the Globe
Impacts and Causes of Blackout
Survey Methodology
Cascading Events Modeling and Analysis
Challenges and Research Gaps
Conclusion

3. PROBLEMS

4. Problems
Methodology of effective survey
Power outage
Brownout
Blackout
Cascading events

5. Problems Cont’d
Faulty and out-dated equipment
Human error
Environmental hazards
Lack of coordination of power protective equipment
Power imbalance w.r.t. demand and supply ratio

6. WHY THESE PROBLEMS NEED TO
BE ADDRESSED?

7. Effects
Major findings of author are as follow:
Lack of review methodology
Lack of coordination
Rotor Angle Imbalance
Reactive Power Imbalance
Load Shedding
 Results in wastage of resources
 Results in hazardous incidents
 System frequency
 Voltage angle
 UFLS & UVLS

8. Effects Cont’d
Transmission Line overloading
Imbalanced 3 phase voltages
Generator losing synchronism
Growing odd harmonics
Unwanted tripping of generators, transformers, and feeders

9. Blackouts Around the Globe
Country Date Duration (h) People Affected Causes
Pakistan 26/01/2015 2 140 million Plant technical fault (Muzaffargarh-
Multan TL trip, cascading, Under
frequency, Tarbela dam disconnected)
USA 2015 2930 13.3 Total outages of 3571, each with ~49min
India 30/07/2012 15 620 million Transmission line overload
Sri Lanka 03/03/2016 16 10 million Severe thunderstorm
Canada 20/12/2018 4 0.6 million Wind speed up to 100 km/h
Mexico 08/11/2011 12 2.7 million Transmission line tripping
Turkey 31/03/2015 4 70 million Power system failure
Bangladesh 01/11/2014 24 150 million HVDC station outage

10. Impacts of Blackout

11. Social Impacts
Medical Systems
Road/Rail traffic Systems
Water Supply
Refrigeration Systems

12. Economic Impacts
Internet Breakdown
Failure of Payment Systems
Downtime of Industries
Agriculture Sector

13. Political Impacts
Security Systems
Military Systems

14. Causes of Blackouts
Environmental hazards
Need for automation
and improved design
Need for research
and better techniques

15. SOLUTIONS

16. Review Methodology

17. Cascading Event Modelling
Tropical Modelling
Quasi state modelling
Dynamic Modelling

18. Cascading Event Analysis
Quasi Steady State DC Power
Quasi Steady State AC Power
Statistical Method
Dynamic and Numerical Technique

19. Challenges and Research Gaps
Renewable energy sources
Online coordination of various control schemes and protective
functions
Real time monitoring techniques and tools e.g. SCADA
Wide Area Management Systems (WAMS)

20. Challenges and Research Gaps Cont’d
Smart grid and net metering functionalities
Cyber-attacks
Provision of protection for future power systems
Cascade modelling and analysis

21. Conclusion
Main points derived from the survey are as follow;
Bad weather: A big reason for most of faults
Faulty equipment and human error led to major blackouts
WAMS and Smart Grids are the emerging research areas
Demand side management programs should be encouraged
Reserve management and inclusion of renewable energy sources
Pre-distribution studies to cater possible cascading events