Bioinformatics Presentation Overview
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A description of how technology has changed the face of Biology, specially in the fields of genetics, proteomics, and evolution. It includes a brief history, examples of usage, and a look into the future.
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Bioinformatics Presentation Overview
- 1. BioInformatics by Nuno Barreto SHiFT08
- 2. What this presentation is • A general description of what bioinformatics is • A voyage in most aspects involved • A view of the technologies used • A view of the future
- 3. What this presentation is not • An exhaustive explanation of what Bioinformatics is
- 5. Bioinformatics = Molecular Biology + IT
- 6. So, that excludes other interesting applications of IT in the Biology related fields
- 7. The democratization of Biological Information
- 9. So... What is Bioinformatics? What is it used for? Why has it changed the face of Biology?
- 10. It’s all about DNA
- 11. • DNA is a nucleic acid that contains a “blueprint” • This “blueprint” is used to construct every part of the organism, it is all Nature needs to reproduce an organism and keep it functioning correctly
- 13. How is it captured?
- 19. In fact, it’s all about String Manipulation image from Wikipedia
- 20. Alignment of 27 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein sequences image from Wikipedia
- 21. Genomes
- 22. • Genomes are the complete set of chromosomes of organism, which contain its full DNA • It includes genes • Delimitations • And also “junk DNA”
- 23. Genes • “a gene is a portion of an organism's DNA which contains both quot;codingquot; sequences that determine what the gene does, and quot;non-codingquot; sequences that determine when the gene is active” (from Wikipedia)
- 25. Human Genome • 23 chromosome pairs • 3.2 billion DNA base pairs • 20 500 genes image from Wikipedia
- 26. Chicken Genome • 1 billion DNA base pairs • 20-23 000 genes Photo from http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/31562846/
- 27. Amoeba dubia Genome • 670 billion DNA base pairs photo from www.behav.org/GENE/org/org_040_C.htm
- 28. Only 79 eukaryotic genomes Only ~400 prokaryotic genomes Only 27 archaeal genomes
- 29. Still a lot of genomes to be sequenced, considering the 1.8 million classified species, and the possibility of existing 10 to 100 million unknown.
- 30. Proteomics
- 31. • It’s all about discovering the sets of proteins of an organism, knowing it’s function
- 32. Protein Folding
- 33. • RNA is the blueprint of Proteins • Proteins structure is very important for it’s functioning • Therefore, it is crucial to know its shape in order to know its function
- 34. Protein Folding image from Wikipedia
- 35. Hemoglobin image from Wikipedia
- 37. Tree of Life
- 42. All info available through websites
- 50. What can we do with all this information?
- 51. Better understand all organisms
- 52. Most importantly, we can understand our bodies better
- 53. It is a great advancement in medicine
- 54. • Helps in disease diagnosis and prevention • Helps understand our response to treatments, creating the possibility of customized ones • Identification of drug targets • Gene Therapy
- 55. Future
- 56. • More advances in specific treatment • A better comprehension of our bodies • A better comprehension of the relationships between organisms • Who knows? :)