Pharmacognosy reference c.k.kokate (Opium and belladonna)

1. ALKALOID
•BELLADONNA

2. Synonyms:
Belladonna leaf; Belladonna folium; Deadly
night shade leaf.
Biological source:
Belladonna is the dried leaves and aerial parts
of the plant
ATROPA BELLADONNA.LINN
ATROPA ACUMINATA

3. FAMILY:
Solanaceae
GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:
Native(Indigenous): England and other European countries
India:Himachal Pradesh

4. CULTIVATION:
cultivation of belladonna at an altitude of 1400m
above the sea level.
Belladonna berries
⬇️ crushed
To get the seeds
⬇️
Seeds are sown by broadcasting method.

5. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
MAIN COMPONENT:L-Hyoscyamine
VOLATILE BASES: Pyridine and N-Methyl
Pyrroline
OTHER SUBSTANCE:Scopoletin,Hyoscine
IDENTIFICATION TEST:
Fuming HNO3 + Alcoholic KOH Solution
⬇️ mix
Violet Colour

6. •

7. THERAPEUTIC USES:
1.It has Anti-cholinergicproperty
Belladonna
⬇️ Reduce
Secretios such as sweat,saliva and gastric juice
2.It has Anti-Spasmodicproperty
Belladonna.
⬇️ Reduce
Spasm in intestinalgripping due to strong purgatives.
3.It is used as Antidote –opium and chloral hydrate poisoning.
• COMMERCIAL APPLICATION :
manufacture of tinctures and plasters

8. OPIUM

9. SYNONYM:
Raw Opium,Gum opium
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
Opium is the dried latex
It is obtained by incision from the unripe capsules of papaver somniferam
FAMILY:
Papeveraceae
GEOGRAPHICAl SOURCE:
India, Pakistan , Afganistan,Turkey,Russia,China

10. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Latex containAlkaloid
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION:
1)Benzylisoquinolinegroup:.
Norcotine,Narceine,Papeverine
2) Phenanthrene group:
Morphine,Codeine,Thebaine
CULTIVATION:
It is a potent narcotic drug
Cultivationof opium is governed by respective government in different countries, includingIndia.

11. • THERAPEUTICUSES:
1) It is used as sedative, hypnoticand analgesic agent.
2) stimulationof Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) in the medulla
3)It have muscle relaxant properties
4)Anti-tussive properties