To create awareness about the causative agents, symptoms and prophylaxis of cervical cancer

1. AWARENESS…….
CERVICAL CANCER
Dr.V.Jeyanthi kumari,
Assistant Professor of Zoology,
A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women,
Thoothukudi-2

2. Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow
out of control. When cancer starts in a woman’s
reproductive organs, it is called gynecologic cancer.
The five main types of gynecologic cancer are:
 Cervical
 Ovarian
 Uterine
 Vaginal and
Vulvar
(A sixth type of gynecologic cancer is the very rare
fallopian tube cancer.)

3. A malignant tumour of the cervix, the lowermost
part or the neck of uterus (womb) that connects to
the vagina - the female reproductive organ .

4.  1 million cases per year in India.
 Almost all cervical cancers are caused by human
papilloma virus (HPA), a common virus that can
passed from one person to another.
 Un cleanliness of private portion..

5.  Causes
 Majority of cervical cancer is caused by a virus
called human papillomavirus
 HPV spreads through sexual contact with a person
who already posses it
 Not all types of HPV causes cervical cancer. Some
of them cause genital warts, but other types may
not cause any infections
 The risk factors include:
 HIV/AIDS
 Smoking

6.  There are over 200 types of HPV, but only
about 13 are considered high-risk and can lead
to cancer. The most common high-risk
types are HPV 16 and 18, which cause about
70% of cervical cancers.
 Most HPV infections are harmless and clear up
on their own, but some can persist for years
and cause precancerous lesions or cancer.
The risk of cervical cancer increases with age,
smoking, weakened immune system, and other
factors.

7. Symptoms

8.  Advanced cervical cancer complications are
below:
 Severe pain
 Kidney failure
 Blood clots
 Bleeding
 Fistula
 Vaginal discharge

9. Cervical Cancer: Treatment Options
The treatment options for cervical cancer depend on
the stage of the disease, the size and location of
the tumor, and the patient's overall health and
preferences.
Surgery is often the first choice for early-stage
cervical cancer, as it can remove the cancerous
tissue and preserve fertility in some cases.
Common surgical procedures include conization,
hysterectomy, and trachelectomy.

10. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used to
kill or stop cervical cancer cells or tumors.
Chemotherapy, targeted therapy,
and immunotherapy are possible treatments for
cervical cancer that affect cancer cells or the
immune system.
Advanced or recurrent cervical cancer may be treated
with immunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or
clinical trials to ease symptoms and prolong life.

12. Cervical cancer can be prevented by getting
vaccinated against HPV, having regular screening
tests such as Pap smear or HPV test, and using
condoms or other barrier methods during sex.
 Prevention
 Cervical cancer risks can be prevented by:
 Getting vaccinated against HPV from age 9 to 26.
Vaccine is effective if administered before they turn
sexually active
 Regular pap smear tests to detect the cancerous
conditions of the cervix after 35 years
 Safe sexual practices such as using condoms
 Avoid smoking

13.  Screening Tests:
 Regular Pap smear tests are crucial for detecting pre-
cancerous changes in the cervix. During a Pap smear,
cells are collected from the cervix and examined for
abnormalities. If a pre-cancer is found, it can be treated
before it develops into invasive cancer.
 The HPV (human papillomavirus) test is also used
for screening. It detects high-risk types of HPV that can
lead to pre-cancers and cervical cancer.
 HPV Vaccination:
 Vaccination against HPV is recommended for both
boys and girls. It’s most effective when administered
before sexual activity begins.
 The vaccine protects against the HPV types commonly
linked to cancer and genital warts.
 Safe Sexual Practices:
 Use condoms to reduce the risk of HPV transmission.