2. Assisted Reproductive Technologies:
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is
the technology used to achieve pregnancy in
procedures such as fertility medication, artificial
insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
• Fertility therapies where eggs and sperm are
manipulated
• Involve surgically removing eggs from women and
combining them with sperm in the laboratory
3. Definitions
Infertility - not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year
(or longer) of unprotected sex
Causes of Infertility
• Delayed marriage and child-bearing
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Hormonal contraception
• Abortion
• Obesity
• Environmental Pollution
4. Assisted Reproductive Technology
(ART) includes
• in vitro fertilization-embryo
transfer (IVF-ET)
• gamete intrafallopian transfer
(GIFT)
• zygote intrafallopian transfer
(ZIFT)
• Intra- Cytoplasmic Soerm
injection ( ICSI)
• Surogacy
5. In vitro fertilization
(IVF)
Definition:
IVF (in vitro fertilization) is a method in
which egg cells are fertilized by sperm
cells outside the mother’s womb (in
vitro).
The resulting embryos are then
transferred back into the uterus.
6.
7. • GIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure
which involves removing a woman’s eggs,
mixing them with sperm, and immediately
placing them into a fallopian tube.
• One of the main differences between this
procedure and IVF and ZIFT procedures is
that in GIFT the fertilization process takes
place inside the fallopian tube rather than in a
laboratory.
GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN
TUBE TRANSFER (GIFT)
8.
9. How is GIFT performed?
• Patients must first have an x-ray to determine the presence of at
least one healthy fallopian tube. The doctor will also use a
laparoscope to ensure that there is not any scar tissue on the
outside of the fallopian tube.
• Using a laparoscope, eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries.
• The male provides a sperm sample the same day that the eggs
are retrieved.
• The eggs are then mixed with the sperm in a catheter.
• The egg and sperm mixture is inserted into the fallopian tubes with
a catheter.
• The woman is then provided with medication to build up the
uterine lining to support implantation of a fertilized egg.
10. ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN
TRANSFER: ZIFT
• ZIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure similar
to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, the
difference being that the fertilized embryo
is transferred into the fallopian tube instead of the
uterus.
• Because the fertilized egg is transferred directly into
the tubes, the procedure is also referred to as tubal
embryo transfer (TET).
11.
12. How Is ZIFT Performed?
• A woman’s ovaries are stimulated with medications to
increase the probability of producing multiple eggs.
• Eggs are then collected through an aspiration procedure.
• Those eggs are fertilized in a laboratory in a procedure
identical to IVF, with the exception of the time frame.
During the ZIFT procedure, fertilized eggs are transferred
within 24 hours, versus 3-5 days as used in a regular IVF
cycle.
• The fertilized eggs are then transferred through a
laparoscopic procedure where a catheter is placed deep in
the fallopian tube and the fertilized eggs injected.
• The final step is to watch for early pregnancy symptoms.
14. How Is ICSI Performed?
• The mature egg is held with a specialized
pipette.
• A very delicate, sharp, and hollow needle is
used to immobilize and pick up a single
sperm.
• The needle is then carefully inserted through
the shell of the egg and into the cytoplasm of
the egg.
• The sperm is injected into the cytoplasm, and
the needle is carefully removed.
• The eggs are checked the following day for
evidence of normal fertilization.
15. SURROGACY
• Surrogacy is the practice by which a woman (called a
surrogate mother) becomes pregnant and gives birth to a baby
in order to give it to someone who cannot have children.
• In gestational surrogacy, an egg is removed from the
intended mother or an anonymous donor and fertilized with the
sperm of the intended father or anonymous donor. The
fertilized egg, or embryo, is then transferred to a surrogate who
carries the baby to term.
• In traditional surrogacy, the surrogate is impregnated
naturally or artificially, but the resulting child is genetically
related to the surrogate.
• Intended parents may seek a surrogacy arrangement when
either pregnancy is medically impossible, pregnancy
risks present an unacceptable danger to the mother's health.
