Article review on social problems in India

1. P R E S E N T E D B Y
S W A T H Y K R I S H N A K U
2 3 0 1 5 0 5 0 3 7
D E P A R T M E N T O F S O C I A L W R O K
C E N T R A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F K E R A L A
ARTICLE REVIEW ON SOCIAL
PROBLEMS IN INDIA

2. ARTICLE: A Study on Poverty
Estimation and Current State of
Poverty in India
AUTHORS: Swastik S Satapathy
And Krishna K Jaiswal

3. INTRODUCTION
 Poverty is a persistent and pervasive issue that continues to challenge societies
around the world, and India is no exception.
 In the article "A Study on Poverty Estimation and Current State of Poverty in
India," Swastik S Satapathy and Krishna K Jaiswal delve into the multifaceted
nature of poverty in the Indian context.
 Through an in-depth analysis, the authors explore the complexities of poverty
estimation, historical trends, current realities, and the ongoing efforts to
alleviate poverty in one of the world's most populous countries.
 the authors explore various aspects such as the definition of poverty, historical
context, methods of estimation, the current state of poverty, and initiatives
aimed at poverty alleviation.

4. SUMMARY
 The article begins by elucidating the different facets of poverty, distinguishing between
absolute poverty and relative poverty.
 The poverty line, a crucial concept in poverty estimation, is discussed in detail,
highlighting its role in determining who falls below the threshold of poverty.
 Moving forward, the article provides an overview of the historical evolution of poverty
estimation in India. From the pre-independence era to the post-independence period,
the methods and approaches to gauging poverty have evolved significantly.
 The authors delve into the diverse methods used in India for poverty estimation,
including calorie intake-based estimations, income-based methods, score-based
ranking, consumption expenditure studies, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index
(MDPI).
 In shedding light on the current state of poverty in India

5.  the article presents data and insights from the World Bank Report.
 Furthermore, the article discusses the efforts made by India's NITI Aayog Task
Force for Poverty Elimination. This includes discussions on poverty estimation
methodologies, strategies for job creation, and the effectiveness of social
programs aimed at poverty reduction.

6. EVALUATION
 Satapathy and Jaiswal's article provides a comprehensive overview of poverty
estimation in India, offering readers a deep understanding of the complexities
surrounding this pervasive issue. By examining the historical context, readers gain
insight into how poverty estimation methods have evolved over time, reflecting
changes in society's understanding of poverty.
 One notable strength of the article is its exploration of various poverty estimation
methods used in India. By discussing calorie intake-based methods, income-based
approaches, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index, the authors offer a well-rounded
view of the different lenses through which poverty can be understood.
 Moreover, the inclusion of data from the Tendulkar Committe and Rangarajan
Committee, The Socio- Economic Caste Census and World Bank Report adds
credibility to the article's analysis of India's current poverty landscape.

7.  the article's examination of poverty alleviation initiatives, such as the Pradhan
Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna and Aadhar-based programs, offers practical insights
into strategies for addressing poverty at both national and grassroots levels.

8. CONCLUSION
 In conclusion, "A Study on Poverty Estimation and Current State of Poverty in
India" by Swastik S Satapathy and Krishna K Jaiswal provides a valuable
contribution to the discourse on poverty in India. Through its thorough
examination of poverty definitions, historical trends, estimation methods, and
current realities, the article offers readers a comprehensive view of this
enduring challenge.
 The authors' evidence-based analysis, coupled with insights from the Tendulkar
Committe and Rangarajan Committee, The Socio- Economic Caste Census ,World
Bank Report and the NITI Aayog Task Force's recommendations, enhances the
article's value as a resource for policymakers, researchers, and individuals
committed to poverty alleviation efforts.

9.  While the article presents a compelling overview of the multifaceted nature of poverty,
further exploration of the challenges and discrepancies in poverty estimation methods
could have added depth to the discussion. Nonetheless, the article stands as a valuable
contribution to understanding poverty dynamics in India

10. ARTICLE: Child Labour in India – A
Conceptual and Descriptive Study
AUTHOR: Dr. G.L. Parvathamma

11. INTRODUCTION
 The article "Child Labour in India – A Conceptual and Descriptive Study" by
Dr. G.L. Parvathamma delves into the pervasive issue of child labour in India.
 It highlights the definition of child labour, its global prevalence, and focuses
particularly on the situation in India.
 The article discusses the various forms of child labour, its causes,
consequences, and the initiatives taken by the Indian government to address
this critical issue.

12. SUMMARY
 The article begins with an abstract that outlines the global statistics of child
labour, emphasizing that approximately 114 million child labourers are in Asia
and the Pacific, with India being a significant contributor.
 It notes that child labour has declined globally since 2000 but remains a
substantial concern, especially in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa.
 In India alone, over 10.12 million children are engaged in various forms of
labour instead of receiving education.
 It defines child labour as any work that deprives children of their childhood,
hampers their education, and poses physical, mental, social, or moral dangers.
The study categorizes characteristics of child labour, including violations of
minimum wage laws, threats to well-being, abuse, prevention of education, and
undermining labor standards.

13.  The article then explores the sectors where child labour is prevalent, such as
agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. For instance, it mentions that about 60% of
child labour occurs in agriculture, with examples of children involved in harvesting
various crops globally.
 Furthermore, the study addresses the causes of child labour, including primary, cultural,
and macroeconomic factors. It notes the challenges in enforcing laws against child
labour and the benefits it provides to employers, contributing to its persistence.
 Moving on to the situation in India, the article discusses bonded child labour, the
consequences of child labour on children's health and well-being, exploitation, and the
overall magnitude of the problem. It provides data from the National Sample Survey
highlighting the prevalence of child labour in India.

14.  In terms of government initiatives, the study outlines legislative efforts such as
the Child Labour Act of 1986 and the National Child Labour Project. It also
discusses judicial efforts, including the National Child Labour Policy and
schemes aimed at rescuing, rehabilitating, and mainstreaming child labourers.
 Lastly, the article underscores the importance of coordination with
international organizations like the International Labour Organization (ILO) in
the fight against child labour.

15. EVALUATION
 Dr. G.L. Parvathamma's study provides a comprehensive overview of the issue of child
labour in India. The article is well-structured, beginning with a clear definition and
global context before delving into specific aspects relevant to India.
 The inclusion of statistics and data enhances the credibility of the study, offering a
quantitative understanding of the problem.
 The article effectively highlights the various forms of child labour, from agriculture to
manufacturing and mining, shedding light on the harsh realities faced by many
children. By discussing the causes, consequences, and government initiatives, it offers a
holistic view of the issue.

16.  However, the study could benefit from a deeper analysis of the cultural and
societal factors that perpetuate child labour in India. While it mentions these
factors, a more in-depth exploration could provide valuable insights into
potential solutions.
 Additionally, a discussion on the effectiveness of existing government
initiatives and challenges faced in their implementation would have added
depth to the study. This would help readers understand the practical aspects of
combating child labour in India.

17. CONCLUSION
 In conclusion, Dr. G.L. Parvathamma's article "Child Labour in India – A
Conceptual and Descriptive Study" provides a valuable insight into the
widespread issue of child labour in India. It offers a well-rounded discussion on
the definitions, causes, consequences, and government initiatives related to
child labour. The inclusion of statistics and data enhances the study's
credibility, although a deeper analysis of societal factors and program
effectiveness could further enrich the discussion.
 Overall, the article serves as an informative resource for understanding the
complex realities of child labour in India and the efforts being made to address
this critical issue.

18. REFERENCE
 Parvathamma, G.L. (2015). Child Labour in India –
A Conceptual and Descriptive Study. International
Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention,
4(1)
 Satapathy, S.S., & Jaiswal, K.K. (2018). A Study on
Poverty Estimation and Current State of Poverty in
India. International Journal of Advanced Scientific
Research and Management, 3(6).