This document summarizes the growth of the APAN backbone network from 1996 to 2019. It describes how APAN started as a loosely coupled community without owning its own links, and traces the development and expansion of key backbone links between countries in Asia and to other regions. These included the APII, TEIN, and TransPAC networks, which grew from Mbps to multi-100Gbps capacities over time. The document also discusses opportunities for future North APAN projects, submarine cable maps, performance monitoring, and expanding APAN collaboration.

1. Recollection of the
APAN Backbone Growth
20feb’19 @apan47
DY Kim
dykim6@gmail.com

2. 2
What APAN is, and is not
• Vast and Diverse
• huge geographical span, both land and sea
• no single economy <-> US, EU
• different culture, religion, ethics, political systems, …
• Community (non-profit company) on Commons
• Not itself owns links
• Links Commons offered by members = {link projects}
• Loosely coupled community
• Far more challenging for consensus & harmonization
• Beyond all odds, APAN is a huge NGO success in AP
• Hurrah to APAN!

3. 3
APAN Backbone (1996-2000)
FR

4. 4
APAN Backbone (2001 - 2005)

5. Advanced Network Forum (http://anf.ne.kr)
Korea
Japan
TEIN
TransPAC
APII-2
Link
622Mbps * 2
10Gbps
45Mbps
China
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Philippines
Australia
Vietnam
GEANT
(to Paris)
Internet2
/STAR TAP
(to Chicago)
ANF Vision of
Future Distributed HUB
Myanmar
SEA Hub
NEA Hub
Oceania Hub
nGbps
nMbps
APII, A3I Links
!5
(2003)

6. Distributed Cluster – Proposal
Access Point
Exchange Point
Australia
Korea
Japan
China
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
USA
PhilippinesVietnam
Hong Kong
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
South East Asia Cluster
(MY, TH,…)
North America
North East Asia Cluster
(JP, KR,…)
Europe
Oceania Cluster
(AU, ,…)
6
(2003)

7. APAN Clusters (2003.10)
Southeast Cluster
(MY, SG, TH,…)
Exchange Point
Access Point
Current status
Korea
Indonesia
USA
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Europe
Oceania Cluster
(AU,…)
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Philippines
Russia
South Asia NetWest
Asia
Net
Central Asia
Net
Australia
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
China
North America
Southeast Cluster
(MY, SG, TH,…)
Exchange Point
Access Point
Current status
Korea
Indonesia
USA
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Europe
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Philippines
Russia
South Asia NetWest
Asia
Net
Central
Asia Net
Australia
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
China
Oceania Cluster
(AU,…)
Japan
North Cluster
(CN, JP, KR, …)
7

8. TransPAC
The TransPAC Collaboration proposes a powerful, straightforward plan to provide multi-
gigabit bandwidth and services connecting researchers in the US with their counterparts in
Asia. The R&E networks included in the TransPAC Collaboration cover all of Asia excluding
only North Korea.
8

9. 9
IEEAF: APAN Opportunities
IEEAF: 622 Mbps POS
+10 Gbps λ
AARNet
(2003)

10. !10

11. !11
TEIN2

12. !12

13. 13

14. !14

15. !15
2019 onwards
Slough, EU
Singapore
Los Angeles, USA
100Gbps
SingAREN/Internet2
100 Gbps
NICT/SingAREN
100Gbps
TransPAC/Pacific Wave/WIDE
100Gbps
Tokyo, JP
100Gbps
SINET
400Gbps
ANA-400G
Internet2,NRODUnet/GEANT/SURFnet
100Gbps
SINET 100Gbps
KRLight
South
Korea
[GNA/APR]

16. !16
Timeline: retrospect
Year KR TEIN TransPAC
1995 APII approved at APEC TEL (KISDI)
1996~7 Prof. Kilnam Chon’s leadership for APAN’s birth
1998 APII KR-JP open @2M TransPAC1 open @35M
1999 APII KR-SG open @2M
2000 KREONET-MCINET @16M TEIN approved at ASEM3 (KISDI)
2001 APII KR-US open @45M TEIN KR-FR open @2M
2003 APII KR-JP to 1G / KR-US to 155M TEIN KR-FR to 45M
2004 APII KR-SG >> KR-CN @2x155M / KR-US to 1.2G TEIN KR-FR to 155M TransPAC2 open @10G
2005 KREONET HK-KR-US 10G for BIG GLORIAD
APII KR-JP to 2G / KR-US closed
2006 KR-JP upgrade to 10G TEIN2 open @622M
2007 APII KR-CN closed
2008 HK-SG open @2.5G by NIA
TEIN3 open @2.5G
2010 TransPAC3 open @10G
2011 HK-SG to 10G / TEIN*CC
2013 TEIN4 open @10G
2015 TransPAC4 open @100G
2016 KR-JP >> KR-(HK)-JP / KR-US @100G
2017 Asi@Connect

17. Opportunities
• North APAN project ?!
• cables: https://www.submarinecablemap.com
• GNA: http://sandbox.mediapoint.dk/gna/
• Cyber Performance
• https://www.slideshare.net/dykim6/cyberperformance
!17

18. “APAN Meeting”
• Open venue for
• WGs / Committees / Members / Board
• dispersion of advanced NW technologies / applications
• regional & global NREN projects / collaborations
• Come join APAN
• to dream and realize the global NREN future
!18

19. Thank you!