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Antihypertension including classification drug and sign and symptom
- 1. Presentation on Anti- Hypertension Agent MUKESH KUMAR M. Pharm (Pharmacology) 1st Semester HIMT College of Pharmacy Gr. Noida
- 2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). • How to understand high blood pressure readings Systolic: The blood pressure when the heart is contracting. In arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart Normal range :- 120 mmHg Diastolic:Blood pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats. Normal Range:- 80mmHg
- 5. Sign and Symptoms • severe headaches • chest pain • dizziness • difficulty breathing • nausea • vomiting • blurred vision or other vision changes • anxiety • confusion • buzzing in the ears • nosebleeds • abnormal heart rhythm
- 6. What causes hypertension? 1. Primary hypertension Common causes include: • Unhealthy eating patterns (including a diet high in sodium). • Lack of physical activity. • High consumption alcohol and High comsuptions Sodiums • Genetics and other 2. Secondary hypertension Common causes include: • Certain medications, including immunosuppressants, NSAIDs and oral contraceptives (the pill). • Kidney disease. • Obstructive sleep apnea. • Primary aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome). • Narcotics drug use (including amphetamines and cocaine). • Renal vascular diseases, which are conditions that affect blood flow in your kidneys’ arteries and veins. • Tobacco use (including smoking, vaping and using smokeless tobacco).
- 7. Anti- Hypertension Agents A type of drug used to treat high blood pressure. Drugs used to lower blood pressure is known as Antihypertension
- 8. Classification of Anti-Hypertension drugs
- 9. Continues
- 10. Overview of ACE INHIBITORS OF Captopril
- 11. Mechanism of Action of Captopril 1. Inhibition the generation of Angiotensin-II Resulting: • Dilation of arteries result in decreasing peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) result in decrease BP • Decrease aldosterone production cause decrease in Na+ and H2O retention result in decrease BP • Decrease in sympathetic nervous system vasodilator. 2. Inhibit degration of bradykinin which is the Vasodilator. 3. Stimulate synthesis of Vasodilating prostaglandin through bradykinin.
- 12. Pharmacokinetics:- 1. ACE inhibitors are usually orally. 2. Presence of food in Stomach reduces the bioavailability of captopril. • Adverse Effect 1. Cough due to increase bradykinin level in the lungs 2. Angioedema (Swelling of lips) 3. Proteinuria 4. Teratogenic effect 5. Severe Hypotension 6. Rashes 7. Itching 8. Loss of Taste Sensation(Dysgeusia)
- 13. Drug Interaction • ACE inhibitors X Pot. Sparing diuretics :- Dangerous Hyperkalaemia • Ace Inhibitors X NSAIDS :- Decrease the Anti-hypertension effect of ace inhibitor by retaining water and salt • Ace inhibitors X Antacid:- Reduce Bioavailability of Captopril THERAPEUTICS USES • Hypertension • Cardiac failure • Diabetic nephropathy • Myocardial infarction • Renal failure