Lecture on antineoplastic drugs for medical students

1. Anti Neoplastic Drugs
DR. DANISH RAUF

2. WHAT IS CANCER

4. TYPES
• Benign
• Malignant

5. Causes

11. Cyclophosphamide
• Forms DNA cross-links, resulting in inhibition
of DNA synthesis and function
• Use : Breast cancer,
• ovarian cancer non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• neuroblastoma

12. • S/E : Nausea and vomiting
• Myelosuppression
• alopecia
• hemorrhagic cyst

13. Anti- Metabolites
Methotrexate
Inhibits DHFR, resulting in inhibition of synthesis
of thymidylate, purine nucleotides, serine, and
methionine
USE : Breast cancer,
head and neck cancer, primary CNS lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, bladder cancer, choriocarcinoma

14. • S/E :
• Myelosuppression,
• immunosuppression,
• hepatotoxicity

15. 5 -FU
USE : GI cancers,
breast cancer,
head and neck cancer,
hepatocellular cancer

16. • S/E :
Nausea,
mucositis,
diarrhea
Myelosuppression,
neurotoxicity

17. Vinca alkaloids
• Vincristine
• Interferes with microtubule assembly,
resulting in impaired mitosis
• Use : ALL ,
• Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
• Wilms’ tumor
• neuroblastoma

18. • S/E : Neurotoxicity with peripheral
neuropathy
paralytic ileus,
myelosuppression,
alopecia,
inappropriate ADH secretion

19. Etoposide
• Inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA damage
USE
• Lung cancer,
• non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• gastric cancer
S/E
• Nausea, vomiting
• Alopecia,
• myelosuppression

20. Paclitaxel
Interferes with microtubule disassembly,
resulting in impaired mitosis
USE
Breast, lung, ovarian, gastroesophageal, prostate, bladder, and head and neck
cancers
S /E
Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, arrhythmias, hypersensitivity
Myelosuppression, peripheral sensory neuropathy

21. ANTI TUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
• BLEOMYCIN
• DOXORUBICIN
• MITOMYCIN
USE : Lymphoma , Myelomas , Sarcomas , Breast , lung , ovarian and thyroid
cancers
S/E
Nausea
Arrhythmias
Alopecia
Cardiomyopathy

22. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Imatinib
Nilotinib
Dasatinib
Use : CML , GI stromal tumors
S/E : Nausea
Vomitting
Fluid retention with ankle and periorbital edema
Mylagias
CHF

23. Hormonal Antagonists
Prednisone
Most commonly used glucocorticoid in cancer
chemotherapy and is widely used in
combination therapy for leukaemia and
lymphomas

24. • Tamoxifen
Blocks the binding of estrogen to receptors of
estrogen sensitive cancer cells in breast tissue
Use : Breast Ca
S/E : Nausea
Vomitting
Hot flushes
Vaginal bleeding
Venous thrombosis

25. Flutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist used in Prostatic
Ca

26. Thank You !