It describes anatomy of stomach in short. Includes layers of stomach, 2 sphincters, the parts of stomach, Its functions and location with its blood vessels and nerve supply

1. ANATOMY OF
STOMACH
BY : Ms. Saili Gaude
Principal
Shivam College of Nursing

2. INTRODUCTION
• Stomach is a muscular bag forming the widest and most distensible
part of the digestive tube
• It is connected to the esophagus above and the duodenum (part of
small intestine) below
• J shaped organ in the upper part of abdomen
• Acts as a storage tank for food so that the body has time to digest
large meals properly

4. Location
• Lies obliquely in the upper and left part of the abdomen.
• At birth its capacity is 30 ml and in adults its capacity is 1.5 to 2 litres.

5. EXTERNAL FEATURES
• Parts of stomach
• Curvature
• Layers
• Openings
• Surfaces

6. Parts of Stomach
• Fundus – dome shaped and usually filled with air. Rounded, gas filled
portion superior (above) and left of the esophagus.
• Body – main large central portion of the stomach. Opening of the
stomach into the small intestine regulated by pyloric sphincter.
• Pylorus- area that connects the stomach to the duodenum. Divided into
the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter.

8. Curvature
• Stomach 2 unequal curvatures
GREATER CURVATURE LESSER CURVATURE

9. Greater Curvature
• Longer
• Convex curvature
• Located on the left of the
stomach
• This starts from cardiac
notch that is formed
between the esophageal
border and fundus.

10. Lesser Curvature
• Forms the shorter curve
• Concave
• Medial surface of the
stomach
• The angular notch indicates
the junction between the
body of the stomach and the
pylorus

11. Layers of the Stomach
• 3 layers
MUCOSA
SUBMUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
SEROSA

12. Mucosa
• Mucous membrane
• Inner lining
• Ridged appearance
• Ridges flattens out when stomach fills with food

13. Submucosa
• Next layer covers above mucosa
• Made up of connective tissues
• Larger blood vessels and lymph vessels.
• Nerve cells and fibres are present in this layer

14. MUSCULARIS PROPRIA
• Also called muscularis externa
• Main muscle of the stomach and is made up of 3 layers of muscle
• Circular
• Longitudinal
• Oblique

16. Serosa
• Fibrous membrane that covers outside of the stomach
• Also called visceral peritoneum

17. Sphincters of the stomach
• 2 sphincters
• Located at each opening (orifice)
• It controls the passage of material entering and exiting the stomach.
INFERIOR ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER/CARDIAC SPHINCTER
PYLORIC SPHINCTER

19. CARDIAC SPHINCTER
• Allows food to pass through the esophagus into the stomach
• Not under voluntary control
• At the level of T11

20. Pyloric Sphincter
• Lies between pylorus and duodenum
• Pylorus – end part of the stomach
• Duodenum- starting part of the small intestine
• Made up of smooth muscles
• Constricts to limit the discharge of stomach content through the
opening
• Controls exit of chyme (digested food)
• Gastric peristalsis pushes food from pyloric canal into the duodenum