An Annotated List Of Deepwater Fishes From Off The New England Region, With New Area Records

NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
2003 10(2):159–248
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF DEEPWATER FISHES
FROM OFF THE NEW ENGLAND REGION,
WITH NEW AREA RECORDS
JON A. MOORE
1,2
, KARSTEN E. HARTEL
3
, JAMES E. CRADDOCK
4
,
AND JOHN K. GALBRAITH
1
ABSTRACT – A review of literature, museum specimens, and records from four
recent National Marine Fisheries Service deepwater surveys allows us to present
an annotated list of 591 species in 132 families that live below 200 meters in the
area between the Scotian Shelf and the southern New England Shelf south to
about 38ûN. Three orders (Stomiiformes, Perciformes, and Myctophiformes) of
the 24 in the area account for 41% of the species. New area records for 111
species are included; the majority (83%) represent extensions from the south,
with only 17% from the north and east. Although the deep-sea ichthyofauna off
eastern North America is quite well known, it is noted that 96 new species have
been described since 1950 and 34 since 1975.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is an annotated list of deep-sea fish species found in the
northern Mid-Atlantic Bight and northwards to the Scotian continental
slope. Recent fishing activity in deep waters off the northeastern United
States necessitates a much better understanding of the species that live
in the region and how they are distributed. We believe that this deep
fauna is often overlooked but point out that it must be incorporated as
part of any regional biodiversity analysis.
The waters over the outer continental shelf and upper slope that are
covered in this paper have been investigated numerous times during the last
130 years. However, the last major compilation of deepwater fishes found
off the New England region is Goode and Bean’s (1896) famous work,
Oceanic Ichthyology. Since then, a number of additions to the deepwater
fish fauna have been noted in a dispersed array of primary scientific papers
and in the “gray” literature. In addition, museum specimens also represent
newinformationonthedistributionoffishesinthisarea.
Many descriptions of deep marine locations are not accurate. There-
fore, localities in the list are often given with latitude and longitude
coordinates and with reference to topographic features of the continental
shelf and slope. This method provides more accurate fixes on the loca-
tions of capture, rather than referring to shore locations. For example, the
1
National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA 02543. 2
Florida Atlantic Univer-
sity, Honors College, Jupiter, FL 33458; jmoore@fau.edu. 3
Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; khartel@oeb.harvard.edu. 4
Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543.

Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2
160
original description of Grammatostomias dentatus Goode and Bean,
1896 gave the locality of the holotype as “east of Delaware,” but in
actuality that specimen was taken at a station over the continental rise just
south of Hydrographer Canyon, showing that the species is actually found
as far north and east as Georges Bank. A map of the main bottom features
provides reference for the localities stated in the text (Fig. 1).
Another difficulty that we have found in published ranges is the
tendency by various authors to list the northernmost occurrence of a
species as just the latitude. At issue is the fact many of the southern fishes,
especially meso- and bathypelagics, are carried by the Gulf Stream to the
north and then eastward. These fishes may then enter the area via warm
core eddies that spin off into parts of the Slope Water Province; which is
the large mass of water to the east and south of New England and north of
the Northern Gyre (Backus et al. 1977). Given the generally east–west
trend of the North American continental slope from Georges Bank to the
Figure 1. Principal area of study showing named undersea features in this report and the
200 and 1000 meter contour lines.

J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith
2003 161
tail of the Grand Banks, two fishes could be at roughly the same latitude,
but separated by nearly fifteen degrees of longitude. An example of this is
found in the mesopelagic fish Scopelosaurus mauli Bertelsen et al. (1976)
for which Scott and Scott (1988) reported their northernmost specimen
from Browns Bank (42û20’N, 65û30’W), but their easternmost specimen
was from Slope Water south of St. Pierre Bank (40û15’N, 59û21’W); we
have seen specimens from the tail of the Grand Banks (41û36’N, 52û21’W
and 39û36’N, 51û55’W). We believe that these latter specimens better
reflect the actual distribution of this species along the North American
coastline and that they more explicitly describe the northeastward extent
of the distribution of the species in the WNA. Indeed, many of the
mesopelagic species range far eastward with the Gulf Stream, outside our
area and into the eastern Atlantic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study was originally intended to examine all of the deepwater
fishes found off New England, but it is now extended both north and south
of what is typically considered “New England” to ensure that species are
not missed at the edges of our region of coverage. The region of study is
bounded to the south by a line at 38ûN latitude, which roughly corre-
sponds to the Virginia/Maryland border on the Delmarva Peninsula, and
Figure 2. Mid-water trawls (principally to 1,000 meters) made by the WHOI from 1961 to
1993. Gulf of Maine trawls not shown. Symbols may indicate more than one trawl at each site.

162
to the east by a line at 63ûW longitude, which passes through Emerald
Basin on the Scotian Shelf (Fig. 1). The outer limit of the region is the
Gulf Stream. We include fishes occurring in the Slope Water Province
(Backus et al. 1977) within the above stated southern and eastern area
boundaries. By “deepwater” we mean those fishes that typically reside
below 200 m depth, at least by day, and include fishes of the deep outer
shelf and the true deep sea beyond the shelf break. The reference material
primarily comes from five sources: 1) Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti-
tution (WHOI)—specimens collected mainly by R.H. Backus, J.E.
Craddock (midwater collections, Fig. 2) and R.L. Haedrich (deep benthic
collections, Fig. 3) from the 1960s to 1990s (Backus and Craddock 1982;
Haedrich and Horn 1970; Haedrich and Polloni 1974; Haedrich et al.
1975, 1980; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); 2) fishes collected from the vicinity
of Deepwater Dumpsite 106, near Toms Canyon, just south of Hudson
Canyon (Cohen and Pawson 1977; Krueger et al. 1977; Musick et al.
1975, 1992); 3) specimens collected by William C. Schroeder aboard the
F/V Cap’n Bill II (Schroeder 1955, Fig. 3); 4) fishes caught by the
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) from either regular ground-
fish surveys since 1963 or recent special cruises to examine the deepwater
biodiversity of the continental slope from Cape Hatteras to Georges Bank
(in 1999 and 2001) and at Bear Seamount (in 2000 and 2002; Fig. 4, see
Moore et al. 2001); and 5) fishes brought in by commercial fishing vessels
such as F/V Contender which have progressively moved their operations
into deeper waters in the last decade (Fig. 3).
Figure 3. Deep bottom trawls made by F/V Cap’t Bill III – W.C. Schroeder (open squares),
WHOI—R.L. Haedrich (open circles), F/V Contender (open triangles).

2003 163
The arrangement of orders and families largely follows that of Nelson
(1994), with a few modifications, such as the arrangement of the genera of
skates, which follows McEachran and Dunn (1998). For cosmopolitan or
widespread species, the distribution accounts generally focus on the
western North Atlantic (WNA). Specimen lengths are given in millime-
ters SL (Standard Length) unless indicated as HL (Head Length) or TL
(Total Length). Common names, when given, are derived from various
sources: Robins et al. 1991 (AFS); Scott and Scott 1988 (S&S); White-
head et al. 1984 and 1986a,b (FNAM); and various FAO species cata-
logues (FAO). Information provided for each fully cited lot is formatted
as follows: museum catalog number, number of specimens in the lot, size
range of specimens, locality or coordinates, and depth of capture or
meters of wire out (mwo). In some situations that information is
abreviated and, when more than 15 museum collections for one species
are known from the study area, the number of collections is summarized.
Collections come from one trawl (= one location) but can contain from
one to hundreds of specimens of the species listed.
Institutional acronyms follow Leviton et al. (1985). The majority of
the studied material is housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology
at Harvard University (MCZ), the Peabody Museum of Natural History
at Yale University (YPM), or the National Museum of Natural History
(USNM). Specific data for many of these collections are available on-
line and can be searched by catalog number or taxon.
Figure 4. National Marine Fisheries bottom trawls made below 200 meters between 1961
and 2001. Gulf of Maine trawls not shown.

164
RESULTS
At least 591 species of deepwater fishes from 132 families live in the
region stretching from Maryland to southern Nova Scotia. Almost one-
half of the species are from 4 of the 24 orders represented (Table 1).
Large to moderate range extensions were found for 111 species and 49
of those range extensions are completely new distributional records to
the region. The total number of species represents a 19% increase in the
number of species known to occur in the area.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of new distributional records (85%) represent exten-
sions of species more typically found south of the area. This highlights
the strong influence of the Gulf Stream in transporting deepwater taxa to
New England. Many of these probably represent expatriates from repro-
ductive populations to the south, yet the infrequent but regular collec-
tion of many of these species indicates that these expatriates may still be
Table 1. Summary of the orders of fishes and the number of species listed in this paper.
Orders Species
Stomiiformes - lightfish and dragonfishes 95
Perciformes - spiny-rayed fishes 77
Myctophiformes - lanternfishes 70
Gadiformes - cods and relatives 45
Aulopiformes - lizardfishes and relatives 44
Lophiiformes - anglerfishes 36
Osmeriformes - deepsea smelt and relatives 34
Stephanoberyciformes - bigscales and relatives 27
Scorpaeniformes - mail-cheeked fishes 26
Anguilliformes - eels 24
Ophidiiformes - cusk eels and brotulas 24
Rajiformes - skates 12
Pleuronectiformes - flatfishes 11
Albuliformes - halosaurs and spiny eels 10
Squaliformes - spiny sharks 10
Beryciformes - fangtooths and relatives 9
Zeiformes - dories and relatives 8
Lampriformes - oar and ribbon fishes 6
Carcharhiniformes - cat sharks 6
Chimaeriformes - chimaeras 5
Hexanchiformes -frill and cow sharks 3
Saccopharyngiformes - gulper eels 2
Polymixiiformes - brardfishes 2
Squatiniformes - angel sharks 1
Myxiniformes - hagfishes 1
Petromyzontiformes - lampreys 1
Ateleopodiformes - jellynose fishes 1
Gasterosteiformes - snipefishes and relatives 1
Total 591

2003 165
a semipermanent component of the deepwater fauna off New England.
A smaller portion (15%) of the range extensions shows new occurrences
of more typically boreal species in the area. These tend to be more
benthopelagic species and indicate a lesser biogeographic influence of
the Deep Western Boundary Current, which brings colder water from
the Labrador Sea southward along the continental slope. Further biogeo-
graphic implications of the new records will be discussed in a forthcom-
ing paper being prepared by the first author.
When Goode and Bean (1896) published Oceanic Ichthyology, they
highlighted the results of the U.S. Fish Commission studies on the
deepwater fish fauna. A number of species within that work had seem-
ingly anomalous disjunct distributions. For example, the deepwater dab,
Poecilopsetta beanii (Goode, 1880), was known from off New England
and in the Caribbean, likewise the goby duckbill, Bembrops gobioides
(Goode, 1880), was known from off New England and in the Gulf of
Mexico. This study shows that these seemingly disjunct northern records
were not accidental captures, but that these and many other species occur
off New England and at other intervening locations to the south.
The dates of the original descriptions of the species reported in this
paper (Fig. 5) show the historic progression of the knowledge of the
identity of these deep-living fishes. A high percentage (30%) of the
descriptions occurred between 1850 and 1899, the period in which
Oceanic Ichthyology and several other major works were published.
Ninety-six new species found in the area have been described since
1950, and 20 of those were described since 1985. This indicates that
knowledge, even of the basic composition of the fauna, continues to
increase. Information about their biology, reproduction, age and growth,
food, migration, and population density is often lacking and will be
needed as exploitation of the deep-sea continues.
Figure 5. Numbers of species of fishes mentioned in this paper, shown in 25-year
increments of dates of description (1750–2002).

166
ANNOTATED SPECIES LIST
MYXINIFORMES
MYXINIDAE
Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus 1758 - Atlantic hagfish (AFS) - Benthic, 75 to 1006 m, known
from Davis Strait to Campeche Bank in the WNA and from the western Mediterranean to
the Barents Sea in the eastern North Atlantic (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Fernholm
and Vladykov 1984, Wisner and McMillan 1995). We follow Martini et al. (1998) in using
the name M. glutinosa instead of M. limosa as suggested by Wisner and McMillan (1995).
MCZ 53871 (15), 53872 (2:410–430 TL), 53925 (2), 53926 (10:44–422 TL), 137976
(2:20–501 TL), USNM 26015 (1), 329853 (1), YPM 10432 (1:330 TL), 11550 (1).
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
PETROMYZONTIDAE
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus 1758 - Sea lamprey (AFS) - Mostly from the upper slope or
shallower, from Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Greenland in the WNA
(Vladykov 1984). Haedrich (1977) reported the occurrence of this species in 4100 m
(MCZ 53927) just south of the area and we have collected specimens from very deep water
over Bear Seamount (MCZ 162004–5, 2:415–695). MCZ 37449 (1), 38290 (1), 38292 (1),
USNM 24279 (1).
CHIMAERIFORMES
CHIMAERIDAE
Hydrolagus affinis (Brito Capello 1868) - Deepwater chimaera (S&S) - Benthopelagic,
293–2452 m, in the WNA from south of Toms Canyon to Greenland (Bigelow and
Schroeder 1953b, Haedrich and Horn 1970, Musick et al. 1975, Musick et al. 1992,
Okamura et al. 1995). In the eastern Atlantic from Portugal to the Rockall Trough, west of
Ireland (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984a). Three specimens, two large adult females (MCZ
158869, 1:820 TL; 162006, 1:1115 TL) and a small juvenile (MCZ 158870, 1:102 TL)
were caught on Bear Seamount during NMFS cruises in 2000 and 2002. MCZ 138048
(2:85 TL), 153748 (2:120–1200 TL), YPM 11253 (2), 11274 (1).
Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy and Stehmann 1990 - Benthopelagic, 1188–2075 m, previously
known from the Bay of Biscay to western Scotland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Hardy and
Stehmann 1990). One male (YPM 11268, 1:136 TL, 39û54’N, 67û26’W, 1188 m) was taken
on Bear Seamount (shallowest depth record) and two females (YPM 11253, 2:58–976 TL,
40û05’N, 68û30’W, 1462 m) were collected in Welker Canyon, where at least 2 other
specimens were captured but not retained. These are the first records from the WNA.
RHINOCHIMAERIDAE
Harriotta raleighana Goode and Bean 1895 - Longnose chimaera (S&S) - Benthopelagic,
600–2150 m, in the WNA from off Norfolk Canyon to south of La Have Bank, Nova
Scotia (MCZ 37647, 2, 42û41’N, 63û49’W, 851–878 m) (Scott and Scott 1988). Two
syntypes for this species came from south of Hudson Canyon (USNM 35631) and near
Alvin Canyon (USNM 39415). In the eastern Atlantic from the Canaries to Iceland and in
the Pacific off New Zealand, Japan, and California (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984b). MCZ
and YPM—at least 35 collections from the area.
Harriotta haeckeli Karrer 1972 - Benthopelagic, >1700 m depth, in the WNA from Davis
Strait to Hudson Canyon (Karrer 1972). In the eastern Atlantic from the Canaries and off
western Africa (Krefft 1990). One syntype of H. raleighana (USNM 35520), collected
near Block Canyon at 1815 m, was re-identified as this species (Karrer 1972). Another
specimen (VIMS 4089) was captured near Hudson Canyon at 2382 m.
Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt and Byrne 1909 - Knifenose chimaera (S&S) -
Benthopelagic, 529–1100 m, in the WNA from eastern Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have
Bank, Nova Scotia (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern
Atlantic from north western Africa to Iceland and from Namibia to South Africa (Krefft
1990). MCZ 37508 (1), 37715 (1:1150 TL), 37734 (1:1270 TL), 38243 (1:1030 TL), 38244

2003 167
(1:1080 TL), 38245 (1:1270 TL), 38256 (1), 132501 (1:1360 TL), 138080 (1:846 TL),
153746 (1:1275 TL), 159186 (1: 1041), YPM 10135 (1:1226 TL), 11254 (6:984–1262 TL).
CARCHARHINIFORMES
SCYLIORHINIDAE
Note: The genus Apristurus is quite speciose, but existing keys and literature fail to
confidently separate the nominal species.
Apristurus sp. - Benthopelagic, 560–1462 m, in the western Atlantic from scattered sites
off Massachusetts (MCZ 38406), Delaware, Hispaniola, and the Gulf of Mexico
(Compagno 1984a, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Springer 1979). These specimens
were previously assigned to A. laurussonii (the Iceland or flathead catshark), however,
Nakaya and Sato (1998) specifically excluded western Atlantic specimens from that
species. Two other specimens (MCZ 125407, 1:505 TL, 39û37’N, 71û52’W, 567–827 m
and 125408, 1:700 TL, 39û17’N, 72û11’W, 512–662 m) from Hudson Canyon are also
provisionally placed here. It may be that all these western Atlantic specimens represent an
undescribed species similar in appearance to A. laurussonii (Nakaya, in litt.).
Apristurus manis (Springer 1979) - Ghost catshark (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 658–1740 m
(Compagno 1984a), in the WNA from Block and Veatch canyons (Springer 1979) to
possibly off Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern North Atlantic from off
Great Britain (Compagno 1984a). The holotype (MCZ 38299) was taken east of Block
Canyon. All newer records come from either F/V Contender conducting exploratory
deepwater work near Block Canyon (39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) or the NMFS
cruises to Bear Seamount. MCZ 38299 (imm. female, 1:328 TL, 39û52’N, 70û50’W, 731–
841 m), 37512 (imm. male, 1, 39û52’N, 70û50’W, 731–841 m), 37535 (imm. female, 1:225
TL, 39û52’N, 69û38’W, 658–768 m), 37416 (imm. males, 2:240–245 TL, 39û52’N,
70û43’W, 759–804 m), 137072 (1:710 TL), 137074 (1:610 TL), 137075 (1:750 TL),
137077 (1:680 TL), 138754 (1:200 TL), 158888 (1:710), 158890 (1:660), 158891 (1:610),
158892 (1:745), 158894 (1:630), 158895 (1:650), 162008 (4:590–650).
Apristurus microps (Gilchrist 1922) - Smalleye catshark (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 1000–
2000 m, previously known from off Newfoundland (Compagno 1984a) and from the
vicinity of Rockall Bank, west of Great Britain, and off South Africa (Nakaya and Stehmann
1998). A specimen (MCZ 58434, 1:259 TL, 39û48’N, 69û45’W, 1410 m), from near Veatch
Canyon, is a new record from United States waters (Nakaya and Stehmann 1998).
Apristurus profundorum (Goode and Bean 1896) - Deepwater catshark (FAO), Deepsea
catshark (S&S). Fig. 6 - Benthopelagic, 1100–1830 m. The holotype (USNM 35646), in
very poor condition, was collected near Hudson Canyon and not “off Delaware Bay” as in
Goode and Bean (1896) and Compagno (1984a). This species is poorly known and is in
need of redescription. The following specimens are provisionally attributed to this species
based on morphological differences from other Apristurus species in the area. One speci-
men comes from east of Block Canyon (MCZ 138754, 1:200 TL, 39û42’N, 71û27’W,
1325–1830 m) and five specimens (MCZ 158889, 1:590; 158893, 1:745; and 158896,
3:327–490) are from Bear Seamount (39û52’N, 67û20’W, 0–1750 m).
Scyliorhinus retifer (Garman 1881) - Chain dogfish (AFS), Chain catshark (FAO) -
Benthopelagic, 73–550 m, in the WNA from Nicaragua to the Gulf of Mexico and to
southern New England (Able and Flescher 1991, Compagno 1984a). F/V Contender
Figure 6. Apristurus profundorum, MCZ 158889, 590 mm TL; 158893, 39û52’N,
67û20’W, 0–1750 m.

168
caught two specimens (MCZ 125400, 1:365 TL and 125401, 1:400 TL) at 300 to 400 m
between Block and Alvin canyons. The northeasternmost records (MCZ 75446, 75449)
are from the vicinity of Browns Bank (42û40’N, 63û51’W). MCZ—at least 12 additional
area records.
PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE
Pseudotriakis microdon Capello 1868 - False cat shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthic, 200–1500
m, known from off Iceland to the Cape Verde Is. in the eastern Atlantic and from the
Pacific and Indian oceans (Compagno 1984a). Reported in the WNA from Long Island,
New York (USNM 32516) to New Jersey (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, Compagno
1984a, Goode and Bean 1896).
HEXANCHIFORMES
CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE
Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman 1884 - Frill shark (AFS, FAO). Fig. 7 -
Benthopelagic, 12–1280 m, in the eastern Atlantic from Norway to Mauritania and from
Angola to South Africa, and in the Pacific from Chile, southern California, Japan, New
South Wales, and New Zealand (Compagno 1984b). Records from off Suriname and French
Guiana (Uyeno et al. 1983) are the only previous from the western Atlantic. A specimen
(MCZ 153745, 1: 1860 mm TL, female, 39û57’N, 71û00’W, 400 m), collected by a
commercial fishing vessel on the continental slope between Block and Alvin canyons is the
second capture of this species in the WNA and the first from off eastern North America.
HEXANCHIDAE
Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre 1788) - Sharpnose sevengill shark (FAO). Fig. 8 -
Benthopelagic, 27–1720 m, tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide (Bass et al. 1986,
McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to
North Carolina (Compagno 1984b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A NMFS groundfish
survey caught a mature male (MCZ 160507, 1:1000 mm TL at 36û59’N, 74û37’W) off
southern Virginia in May, 2001. This is the northernmost western Atlantic record.
Hexanchus griseus (Bonneterre 1788) - Sixgill shark (AFS), Bluntnose sixgill shark
(FAO) - Benthopelagic, 0–1875 m, wide ranging in temperate and tropical waters world-
wide (Compagno 1984b). In the area, two specimens (NMC 90–0032, NSM 10001) were
captured in Emerald Basin, off Nova Scotia and represent the northern distributional limits
in the WNA (Gilhen and Coad 1989).
SQUALIFORMES
ECHINORHINIDAE
Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) - Bramble shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 18–
915 m (mostly from 400–900 m), worldwide tropical to temperate waters except the eastern
Pacific (Springer 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA known from the
northeastern Gulf of Mexico and off Virginia (USNM 22511)(McEachran and Fechhelm
1998, Musick and McEachran 1969, Schwartz 1993). Goode and Bean (1896) reported the
only area record, an individual that drifted ashore at Provincetown on Cape Cod.
DALATIIDAE
Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt 1825) - Black dogfish (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic,
180–1600 m, at times forming schools (most often taken deeper than 250 m, but occurring
shallower in the northern part of its range), known from Cape Hatteras to Greenland and
Figure 7. Chlamydoselachus anguineus, MCZ 153745, 1860 mm TL, 39û57’N, 71û00’W,
400 m.

2003 169
Baffin Island, and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to South Africa (Compagno 1984b).
MCZ and YPM—at least 54 collections from the area.
Centroscymnus coelolepis Bocage and Capello 1864 - Portuguese shark (AFS), Portu-
guese dogfish (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 270–3675 m (most specimens taken deeper than
400 m), previously known from the WNA continental slope from off Delaware Bay to the
Grand Banks (Compagno 1984b). In the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to South Africa
(Compagno 1984b). One specimen (MCZ 91550, 1:150 TL, 35û44’N, 74û50’W, 199–340
m) was taken just north of Cape Hatteras and represents a southern record. MCZ 38294
(1:540 TL), 38295 (1:~1100 TL), 38296 (1), 38297 (1:680 TL), 38452 (1), 39621 (1:920
TL), 125402 (1:405 TL), 132510 (2:370–390 TL), YPM 10137 (1:754 TL).
Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre 1788) - Kitefin shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 37–1800 m
(mostly greater than 200 m), known from the eastern Atlantic and the Indian and Pacific
oceans (Compagno 1984b). In the WNA from off the Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina and
the northern slope of Georges Bank and (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, Nichols and Firth
1939; F. Schwartz pers. comm. 2002). The only area record is a single specimen from
Georges Bank (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948).
Etmopterus gracilispinis Krefft 1968 - Broadbanded lanternshark (AFS, FAO) - Bentho-
to mesopelagic, 70–1000 m, previously known in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to
Virginia (Compagno 1984b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and in the southwestern
Atlantic off Uruguay and Argentina (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). New material
extends the range to Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 124340, 1:210 TL, 39û57’N, 70û18’W, 404–
611 m). MCZ 91590 (4:210–230 TL), 99543 (1:198 TL), 106297 (2:155–161 TL), 106298
(2:109–122 TL), 124339 (2:295–310 TL), 124340 (1: 210 TL, female), 137994 (5:150–
195 TL), 153781 (1:212 TL), 153782 (2:163–210 TL), 161542 (1:238 TL).
Etmopterus princeps Collett 1904 - Great lanternshark (FAO), Rough sagre (S&S) -
Benthopelagic, 567–2213 m, from off New Jersey to East Greenland (Compagno 1984b,
Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988) and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to
Mauritania (Compagno 1984b). The southernmost record is from between Toms and
Hudson canyons (MCZ 38413, 1:297, 39û09’N, 72û21’W, 841–951 m). MCZ, USNM and
YPM—at least 35 collections from the area.
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider 1801) - Greenland shark (AFS, FAO) -
Benthopelagic, 0–2200 m, reported in the WNA from Georgia to Ellesmere Island
(Compagno 1984b, Herdendorf and Berra 1995), but considered rare south of Cape Cod. A
NMFS observer photographed an estimated 500 kg individual caught just south of Toms
Canyon (38û40’N, 73û06’W to 38û47’N, 73û02’W, 246–380 m). Another observer de-
scribed a 4.5 m long female, also estimated at 500 kg, caught in nearly the same area
(38û41’N, 73û04’W to 38û46’N, 73û05’W, 197–215 m). In both cases, the sharks were
Figure 8. Heptranchias perlo, MCZ 160507, 1000 mm TL, 36û59’N, 74û37’W.

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taken by a squid trawler in association with concentrations of northern shortfin squid Illex
illecebrosus; the stomach of the second specimen contained 75 fresh Illex and 2 red crabs
Chaceon quinquedens. Both of these observer records are on file at the NMFS office in
Woods Hole. USNM 111159 (1).
Squaliolus laticaudus Smith and Radcliffe 1912 - Spined pygmy shark (FAO) - Epipe-
lagic, 200 m at night to 500 m during the day, typically tropical in eastern and southwest-
ern Atlantic. One specimen of this rare dwarf shark (MCZ 82828, 1:115, 36û54’N,
73û36’W, 600–400 m) was collected just south of the area and another was collected
northeast of the area (MCZ 135325, 1:150, 43û50’N, 45û40’W) indicating its probable
occurrence in the area.
SQUALIDAE
Centrophorus sp. - Benthopelagic, to about 700 m. This genus is in need of worldwide
revision. Sporadic captures of Centrophorus specimens have been made just south of the
study area by NMFS ground fish surveys and NMFS sponsored surveys. Prior to 1998, the
specimens were assumed to be C. granulosus based on this species’ known range. Post
1998, NMFS captures of this shark prompted a review of their identification that shows
the specimens are more similar to C. niaukang Teng, 1959, known from the western
Pacific and eastern Atlantic oceans. Nearly 100 specimens of this shark have been
captured between 1970 and 2002, with only a few deposited at MCZ. The specimens are
all large females (1450–1690 mm TL) with either pups or candled eggs. On two occasions,
more than 20 females were taken in single 30-minute trawls on the continental shelf at
depths of 150–200 m. Other individuals have been taken between 240 and 660 m. MCZ
153567 (adults and pups, 36û58’N, 74û49’W), 155770 (35û46’N, 74û49’W), 158572,
158739, 158959 (3 adults) and 157783–89 (pups and embryos) from 37û06’N, 74û43’W,
and 160506 (37û05’N, 74û44’W).
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 - Spiny dogfish (AFS), Piked dogfish (FAO) -
Benthopelagic, 0–900 m, worldwide in subtropical to subpolar waters. In the WNA from
Florida to Greenland (Compagno 1984b, Okamura et al. 1995). This is the most common
shark on the shelf and upper slope in the area.
SQUATINIFORMES
SQUATINIDAE
Squatina dumeril LeSueur 1818 - Atlantic angel shark (AFS), Sand devil (FAO) - Benthic,
0–1390 m, a WNA endemic, found from the Caribbean to Gulf of Maine (Compagno
1984b, Collette and Hartel 1988, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). MCZ 40790 (1), 40791
(1); USNM 118461 (1).
RAJIFORMES
TORPEDINIDAE
Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte 1835 - Atlantic torpedo (AFS) - Benthic, although also
reported to be pelagic at times, 0–530 m (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984c) and thought to
seasonally migrate into deeper waters (Castro 1983). In the WNA known from the
Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, McEachran and
Fechhelm 1998, Robins et al. 1986).
RAJIDAE
Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow and Schroeder 1950) - Shorttail skate (S&S) - Benthic, 366–
2294 m, from off Lindenkoehl Canyon (just south of Toms Canyon) to the Grand Banks
(Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, Scott and Scott 1988). The holotype (USNM 35592) and
paratypes (USNM 23483 and 33457) are from our study area. Caught at 2130 m at
Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ 37899 (1), 38354 (1:710 TL), 55011
(1), 132506 (1:510 TL, 39û48’N, 71û19’W, 920–948 m), 138020 (2:269–369 TL, 39û42’N,
71û27’W, 1325–1830 m), 155628 (1), YPM 11262 (1).
Amblyraja radiata (Donovan 1808) - Thorny skate (AFS) - Benthic, 18–996 m (most
abundant below 110 m), South Carolina to Greenland and Hudson Bay (McEachran and

2003 171
Musick 1975, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37600 (1:196 TL), 37620 (1:145 TL), 37748
(1), 37901 (1:510 TL), 37903 (1:420 TL), 38237 (1), 38355 (1:870 TL), 38372 (1), 38375
(3), 38432 (1), 55315 (1), 138028 (2:1000 TL), YPM 10433 (1), 11425 (1).
Bathyraja richardsoni (Garrick 1961) - Deepwater skate (S&S) - Benthic, 1370–2745 m,
reportedfromHudsonCanyontosouthernLabrador(Musicketal.1975,ScottandScott1988).
Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen 1914) - Spinytail skate (AFS) - Benthic, 140–1460 m, from
Hudson Canyon (MCZ 55012) to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37691 (1),
37927 (1), 37981 (egg and embryo), 55012 (1), YPM 11252 (1).
Breviraja marklei McEachran and Miyake 1987 - Benthic, 443–988 m, known only from
four specimens collected from La Have Bank (ROM 50330, 567–637 m) to the Laurentian
Channel (McEachran and Miyake, 1987). This species may be a junior synonym of Rajella
fyllae (J. McEachran pers. comm. 2003).
Dipturus laevis (Mitchell 1818) - Barndoor skate (AFS) - Benthic, 0–750 m, known from
Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly common in the region
(Schroeder 1955), now considered locally extinct in Canadian waters and uncommon off
the United States (Casey and Myers 1998). USNM 110962 (1)
Leucoraja garmani virginica McEachran 1977 - Northern rosette skate - Benthic, 37–366
m, moderately abundant in shallow waters, but rare in deep water, known from Cape
Hatteras to southern New England, (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, McEachran 1977).
McEachran (1977) recognized four subspecies of L. garmani and designated a paratype of
L. g. virginica (MCZ 36315) from off Montauk Point, Long Island. McEachran and
Fechhelm (1998) elevated all four subspecies to species, but currently that status is in
question (J. McEachran pers. comm. 2002). If accepted, this species will be known as L.
virginica. MCZ 37932 (1, 39û58’N, 70û36’W, 270–320 m).
Malacoraja senta (Garman 1885) - Smooth skate (AFS) - Benthic, 46–956 m, from North
Carolina to the southern Grand Banks, with a record from 956 m off North Carolina
(McEachran and Musick 1975, Scott and Scott 1988; F. Schwartz pers. comm. 2002). MCZ
37491 (1), 37566 (1), 37884 (2), 37900 (1:380 TL), 38185 (1), 38194 (1), 38367 (1), 38368
(1), 38369 (1), 38371 (1), 38374 (1), 55317 (1), 125541 (1:240 TL), 137079 (1:540 TL).
Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard 1923) - Soft skate (S&S) - Benthic, 710–1568 m, in the
western Atlantic from the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank (MCZ 38167, 1:198+ TL,
41û25’N, 65û54’W, 732–823 m) to Baffin Island (Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern
Atlantic from the Iceland-Faeroes Ridge, off northwestern Africa, and off South Africa
(Stehmann 1990). This species was previously treated as Raja mollis (Bigelow and Schroeder
1950). MCZ 37645 (1:272 TL), 38167 (1:198+ TL), 38276 (1), USNM 33385 (1).
Rajella bigelowi (Stehmann 1978) - Benthic, 650–4156 m (usually below 1500 m), in the
WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995; Stehmann 1978, 1990;
Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). In the eastern Atlantic from the Azores and Rockall Trough
(Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). Stehmann (1978) noted that all specimens previously
identified as Raja (Rajella) bathyphila (chocolate or abyssal skate) in the WNA southwest
of the Grand Banks should be treated as Rajella bigelowi. MCZ 37929 (1), 37931 (1),
55314 (1:112 TL), 55316 (3), 57327 (1), 58444 (1), 59220 (1), 138018 (7:158–423 TL),
158963 (1:460 TL), 158964 (1:102 TL).
Rajella fyllae (Lütken 1887) - Round skate (S&S) - Benthic, 170–2000 m, from east of
Hydrographer Canyon to Davis Strait (Schroeder 1955, Scott and Scott 1988, Stehmann
1990). In the eastern North Atlantic from Biscay Bay to Spitsbergen and Iceland
(Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). MCZ—at least 26 collections from the area.
ALBULIFORMES
HALOSAURIDAE
Aldrovandia affinis (Günther 1877) - Benthopelagic, 730–2200 m (Sulak 1990a), world-
wide, from South America, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to off New England in the
WNA (McDowell 1973). MCZ 58436 and 59137 were collected between Atlantis and
Veatch canyons on the southern New England slope. MCZ 137999 (3:300–400).

172
Aldrovandia oleosa Sulak 1977 - Benthopelagic, 1184–1910 m, known from off northern
South America, the Bahamas, and Norfolk Canyon (Sulak 1977a), the Gulf of Guinea and
possibly the northwestern Indian Ocean and Indonesia (Sulak 1990a). Sixteen additional
specimens were collected between Hudson and Alvin canyons after the species was
described. A 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount collected one specimen (MCZ 158747,
1:390, 39û52’N, 67û20’W, 1460–1750 m), which is the northernmost occurrence. MCZ
59130 (1:305+ TL, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m), 59131 (5:350+ to 385 TL,
39û45’N, 70û47’W, 1820–1960 m), 59132 (10:202+ to 327+ TL, 39û17’N, 71û59’W,
1500–1960 m).
Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant 1888) - Benthopelagic, 500–2300 m, known from all
major oceans, in the WNA from the Bahamas to Greenland (McDowell 1973, Okamura et
al. 1995, Sulak 1990a). MCZ 37433 (2), 37556 (1), 51963 (1), 58437 (2), 59133 (11),
124994 (1:325), 137995 (1:392), 138016 (2:190), 147514 (1:300), 162001(6:110–230),
162003 (2:245–325).
Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther 1878) - Benthopelagic, 1100–3300 m, antitropical in
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Sulak 1990a). In the WNA from off Cuba and the
Bahamas to Browns Bank (MCZ 38682, 3, 41û58’N, 65û18’W, 1647–1738 m, but not from
the Gulf of Maine as reported by McDowell 1973). Four specimens were collected by the
2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount (MCZ 158748, 4:500–600). MCZ 59136 (3).
Halosaurus guentheri Goode and Bean 1896 - Benthopelagic, 550–1600 m, in the WNA
from Venezuela to Atlantis Canyon (McDowell 1973, Sulak 1990a). Caught at Deepwater
Dumpsite 106 at 951 m (Musick et al. 1975). A specimen from just east of Atlantis Canyon
(MCZ 58438) may be the northernmost record. MCZ 38433 (1), USNM 38070 (1).
NOTACANTHIDAE
Lipogenys gillii Goode and Bean 1896 - Backfin tapirfish (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 350–
1154 m, known from Norfolk Canyon to the slope south of La Have Basin (MCZ 37613, 1,
42û45’N, 63û47’W, 604–622 m) (McDowell 1973). MCZ 37612 (1), 37790 (2), 38322 (1),
38424 (1), 155356 (1:200).
Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch 1788 - Snubnosed spiny eel (FNAM), Spiny eel (AFS) -
Benthopelagic, 128–3285 m (usually 250–1000 m), a worldwide antitropical species,
known in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. Occurs in shallower
depths farther north (Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 2130 m (Musick et al. 1975) and
seen at 1985–2148 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. MCZ—at
least 17 collections from the area.
Polyacanthonotus challengeri (Vaillant 1888) – Spiny eel (FNAM) - Benthopelagic,
1143–3753 m (generally >2000 m), an antitropical species found at latitudes greater than
30ûnorth and south (Crabtree et al. 1985, Sulak et al. 1984). Caught at 1143 m (Musick et
al. 1975) and seen at 1704–1988 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106.
One specimen, MCZ 158718 (1:495) was caught by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear
Seamount. MCZ 55226 (1), 58610 (1).
Polyacanthonotus merretti Sulak, Crabtree and Hureau 1984 - Benthopelagic, 594–2000
m, in the WNA from the Guianas, the Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Canyon
(Sulak et al. 1984, Crabtree et al. 1985). Musick et al. (1992) reported a specimen from
1559 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. VIMS 4082 (1).
Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (de Filippi and Vérany 1859) - Smallmouth spiny eel (FNAM),
Shortspine tapirfish (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 540–2875 m, known from Norfolk Canyon to
the Davis Strait (Crabtree et al. 1985). MCZ 38283 (1), 57377 (1), 125543 (1:480), 125544
(1:428), 125545 (1:525), 158719 (2:498–550), 158781 (1:379), 162002 (1:350).
ANGUILLIFORMES
SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE
Diastobranchus capensis Barnard 1923. Fig. 9 - Diastobranchus capensis is known from
temperate waters in the southern hemisphere, between 183–1750 m (Sulak and
Shcherbachev 1997). Recently, large specimens of Diastobranchus have been collected

2003 173
off New England and are currently under study by K. Tighe (USNM). Morphologically,
these specimens are very similar to D. capensis, but we are awaiting the results of
molecular evidence to confirm this assignment. F/V Panther and F/V Matthew Melissa
caught three specimens (MCZ 153747, 1:1110, ~30 miles south of Montauk, 1460 m;
YPM 11267, 2:860–1360 TL, 39û54’N, 67û26’W, 1188 m) on the southern New England
slope between Hudson and Block Canyon and on Bear Seamount, respectively. In addi-
tion, the F/V Panther collected two other specimens somewhere on the southern slope of
Georges Bank (MCZ 155019, 1:1332 and KU 28484, 1:932). The 2000 and 2002 NMFS
cruises to Bear Seamount also collected specimens (MCZ 158868, 1:1270; 162184,
2:795–1339; YPM 12947, 1; 12990, 1). These specimens represent the first occurrence of
this genus in the northern hemisphere.
Histiobranchus bathybius Günther 1877 - Benthic, 731–4700 m (usually between 2000–
3500 m), widely distributed in deep waters (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA,
from the Bahamas to Davis Strait. MCZ 55363 (1), 57329 (2), 91366 (1:192).
Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert 1891 - Benthopelagic, 650–3120 m, known from southern
Brazil to Nova Scotia in the western Atlantic (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). MCZ
53874 (1), 53875 (1), 53876 (2), 53877 (8), 57693 (4), 158657 (1:781), 158658 (1:386).
Leptocephalus proboscideus Lea 1913 - This species is based on ilyophine leptocephali
that are probably close to Dysommina. The adult stage is not known. Ranges from the
central Caribbean to Bermuda to the Azores and Canary Islands (Smith 1989b). A speci-
men (MCZ 73368, 40û04N, 67û13W, 200–210 m) extends its range to the area.
Simenchelys parasitica Gill 1879 - Snubnose eel (S&S, FNAM) - Benthic, 500–1800 m,
found in temperate zones of the northern and southern hemispheres, usually on the middle
to lower slope (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Bahamas to south of
Newfoundland. MCZ and YPM—at least 21 collections from the area.
Figure 9. Diastobranchus capensis, MCZ 158868, 1270 mm SL, 39û52’N, 67û20’W.

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Synaphobranchus affinis Günther 1877 - Benthic, 500–1500 m, broadly distributed in
tropical and temperate waters, primarily on the middle to lower slope (Sulak and
Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Nova Scotia. MCZ 37567 (1),
37690 (1), 37764 (1), 100328 (1), 124867 (1:235).
Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson 1862 - Northern cutthroat eel (AFS), Slatjaw cutthroat
eel (S&S) - Benthic, 131–2346 m, broadly distributed in tropical and temperate waters
worldwide, primarily on the middle slope to upper rise (Robins and Robins 1989, Sulak
and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Davis Strait. Caught at 951–
2130 m (Musick et al. 1975) and also seen at 1704–2346 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106
(Cohen and Pawson 1977). This is the most abundant synaphobranchid in deep trawl
catches in the region. MCZ and YPM—at least 60 collections from the area.
OPHICHTHIDAE
Ophichthus cruentifer (Goode and Bean 1896) - Margined snake eel (AFS) - Burrows into
sandy or muddy bottoms, 36–1350 m (most abundant at 250–350 m), known from northern
South America to the Laurentian Channel (McCosker et al. 1989). Putatively a facultative
parasite of larger fishes. Scott and Scott (1988) reported one in a swordfish from the
Laurentian Channel. A leptocephalus of O. gomesii (MCZ 72845, 40û04’N, 67û13’W) has
been taken in the area and the adults of the two species can be confused (Smith 1986b).
MCZ 53928 (3), 53929 (1), 75972 (1), 94337 (1:73), YPM 11294 (1).
DERICHTHYIDAE
Derichthys serpentinus Gill 1884 – Narrownecked oceanic eel (FNAM) - Meso- to bathype-
lagic, to 2000 m, worldwide. In the WNA from Argentina to Flemish Cap (Karmovskaya
1985, Scott and Scott 1988). Musick (1973) reported specimens from the Northeast Channel
in the Gulf of Maine. MCZ and YPM—at least 66 collections from the area.
Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt 1912) - Duckbill oceanic eel (FNAM) - Meso- to
bathypelagic to 1800 m, worldwide. In the WNA from Argentina to the Grand Banks
(Karmovskaya 1985). Reported from the Northeast Channel in the Gulf of Maine (Musick
1973) and from Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977, Musick et al. 1975). MCZ
and YPM—at least 19 collections from the area.
NEMICHTHYIDAE
Avocettina infans (Günther 1878) - Bathypelagic, generally 1200–2000 m, found in the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, from Brazil to southern New England in the WNA (Smith and
Nielsen 1989). A specimen (MCZ 161967, 1:527) was collected from Bear Seamount in
2002. MCZ 65663 (1), 138004 (1:480), 147403 (1).
Labichthys carinatus Gill and Ryder 1883 - Bathypelagic, generally 1200–2000 m, world-
wide. In the WNA from southern Brazil to off Georges Bank (Smith and Nielsen 1989).
The holotype (USNM 33369) was captured off Georges Bank.
Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson 1848 - Slender snipe eel (AFS) - Meso- to bathype-
lagic, 457–3656 m, worldwide, from northern Brazil to south of La Have Bank, Nova
Scotia in the WNA (Smith and Nielsen 1989). MCZ and YPM—at least 170 collections
from the area.
CONGRIDAE
Acromycter perturbator (Parr 1932) - Benthic, 787–1318 m, from Jamaica to southern
New England (Smith 1989a). Caught at 823–933 m just north of Hudson Canyon (Markle
and Musick 1974). A specimen (MCZ 158703, 1:245) from Bear Seamount extends the
range slightly eastward. USNM 206213 (1:269 TL, 39û37’N, 71û54’W, 915 m).
Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888). Fig. 10 - Benthic, 229–1318 m, known from the
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Reported in WNA from the Guianas and the Carib-
bean to the Gulf of Mexico (Smith 1989a). A specimen (MCZ 152942, 1:426 TL, 39û59’N,
70û57’W, 324–378 m) caught by F/V Patty Jo near Block Canyon and identified by D. G.
Smith is the first record north of the Straits of Florida.
Conger oceanicus (Mitchell 1818) - Conger eel (AFS) - Benthic, to 577 m (generally 75–

2003 175
150 m), from the Gulf of Mexico and Campeche Bank to Georges Bank (Smith 1989a).
MCZ 152877 (1), 152878 (1), YPM 10431 (1:690 TL).
Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg 1951) - Benthic, 82–458 m, from Suriname to Georgia.
Three specimens (MCZ 74268, 1:320, 40û06’N, 69û53’W; 160735, 2:385–390) extend the
range to the southern New England Slope but are from only 115–121 m. Interestingly, a
number of leptocephali of R. flavus (MCZ 72452–55 and 150264, see Smith 1989b) are from
slope water, but the adults are unknown north of the Gulf of Mexico.
Xenomystax congroides Smith and Kanazawa 1989 – Bristletooth conger (AFS) - Benthic,
140–825 m, known in the WNA from Brazil to Florida (Smith 1989a). There are several
larval specimens in the MCZ collection from along the U.S. coast north of Florida. Four
larvae (161864:160, 161865:180, 161866:193, MCZ 161896, 1:231) were captured from
midwaters over Oceanographer Canyon, Bear Seamount, Munson Canyon, and from
midwaters of a thermal front southeast of Powell Canyon, respectively, during a NMFS
cruise in 2002.
NETTASTOMATIDAE
Facciolella sp. - Smith (1989b) reported this genus from as far north as Bermuda at depths
of 75–3109 m (usually 329–732 m), but was unable to identify the specimens found in the
WNA to species. A specimen (MCZ 153557, 1:409) caught near Block Canyon (39û17’N,
71û59’W, 309–333 m) extends the range northward.
Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg 1951 - Spotted pike-conger (AFS) - Benthic, 110–468 m,
previously reported from southern Brazil to off New Jersey (VIMS 05941, 1:188 TL) by
Smith (1989b). Two specimens (MCZ 63116, 1:370+ TL and 63085, 1:260 TL) from
between Block and Alvin canyons extend the range slightly northeast. We have seen an
additional 12 MCZ lots of larvae from the area. In addition, MCZ material indicates that
larvae of H. diomediana (MCZ 65306, 65382, 65384) and H. macrura (MCZ 65413–15,
65417, 65420, 65424) occur in the area and suggests that adults may be present.
Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque 1810 - Benthic, 37–1647 m (mostly 329–860 m),
previously known from the Guianas to north Florida (Smith 1989b), however, Musick et
al. (1992) reported a specimen at 1559 m near Hudson Canyon.
Venefica procera (Goode and Bean 1883) - Benthic, 350–2304 m, previously known from
the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to North Carolina (Smith 1989b). Reported from
Figure 10. Bathyuroconger vicinus, MCZ 152942, 426 mm TL, 39û59’N, 70û57’W, 324–
378 m.

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Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 1143–2286 m (Musick et al. 1975) and in Hudson Canyon at
1500–1960 m (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). Other specimens extend the range to the
vicinity of Georges Bank as follows: MCZ 138019 (3:812–1115+, 39û42’N, 71û27’W,
1325–1830 m) from near Block Canyon, MCZ 37686 (1:890, 40û00’N, 68û52’W, 350–500
m) from near Hydrographer Canyon, and MCZ 158714 (2:555+–560+) taken by the 2000
NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount.
SERRIVOMERIDAE
Serrivomer beanii Gill and Ryder 1883 - Stout sawpalate (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic,
typically between 550–1000 m. Widely distributed in the WNA from north of Brazil to the
Flemish Cap (Tighe 1989). MCZ—at least 118 collections from the area.
Serrivomer lanceolatoides (Schmidt 1916) - Meso- to bathypelagic, typically caught
between 500–1000 m (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Widely distributed across the
North Atlantic from the equator to at least 42ûN (Tighe 1989). It is less frequently caught
in the area than S. beanii. MCZ 147612 (1), 147613 (2), 147614 (1), 161783 (1:617),
161852–58 (6:154–475).
SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES
EURYPHARYNGIDAE
Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant 1882 - Pelican gulper eel (S&S) - Bathypelagic, most
likely to depths of 3000 m, widely distributed in tropical to temperate regions of all
oceans. In the WNA from Argentina to Greenland (Bertelsen et al. 1989, Okamura et al.
1995). Frequently, one or a few individuals are caught in tows at depths below 1000 m in
the area. MCZ and YPM—at least 76 collections from the area.
SACCOPHARYNIGIDAE
Saccopharynx ampullaceus (Harwood 1827) - Bathy- to abyssopelagic, at depths of about
2000–3000 m, known from the North Atlantic based on rare scattered records. In the WNA
from Cape Hatteras to Greenland (Bertelsen et al. 1989, Okamura et al. 1995). Two small
specimens (MCZ 59195, 1:247, 800–600 m and 59799, 1:105, 0–1020 m) were taken in
the same haul but at different depths at 39û04’N, 68û00’W. Three specimens (MCZ
161543–45, 3:330–810) were collected on the 2002 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. A
large (ca. 600 mm TL) but badly damaged Saccopharynx (MCZ 9826) was collected in
1862 south of the Grand Banks, Newfoundland and one larvae (MCZ 62279) from the area
may also represent this species.
OSMERIFORMES
ARGENTINIDAE
Argentina silus Ascanius 1775 - Atlantic argentine (AFS), Greater argentine (FNAM) -
Pelagic, 140–915 m (usually from 137–220 m), in the WNA from Georges Bank to
Greenland (Cohen 1964a, 1984a, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Two
specimens (MCZ 124873, 1:205, 39û59’N, 70û52’W, 350–392 m and YPM 10429, 1:243,
39û58’N, 71û07’W, 330–402 m) extend the range slightly westward and southward to the
vicinity of Block Canyon. MCZ has an additional 21 collections from the area; all north of
Georges Bank.
Argentina striata Goode and Bean 1896 - Striated argentine (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic,
146–476 m, known from northern Brazil to Browns Bank, Nova Scotia and the Gulf of
Maine (Cohen and Atsaides 1969). MCZ—at least 22 collections from the area; all from
south of Georges Bank.
MICROSTOMATIDAE
Nansenia groenlandica (Reinhardt 1839) - Large-eyed argentine (S&S), Greenland Ar-
gentine (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 300–1000 m, known from waters north of 40ûN in the
Atlantic (Kawaguchi and Butler 1984). Scott and Scott (1988) listed specimens from
Browns Bank and Flemish Cap. We note three larvae (MCZ 66052 (1:14), 89890 (2:10–
20) from Slope Water south of Georges Bank. Krueger et al. (1977) identified specimens
from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106.

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Nansenia longicauda Kawaguchi and Butler 1984 - Mesopelagic, known from subtropical
and temperate North Atlantic and North Pacific (Kawaguchi and Butler 1984). Kawaguchi
and Butler (1984) described two USNM specimens from Slope Water southeast of
Georges Bank. In addition, we note one larva (MCZ 66024, 1: 24, 36û36’N, 66û37’W)
from south of Georges Bank and two specimens (MCZ 66198, 1:20 and MCZ 66051, 1:25)
found off Florida, which have similar distinctive caudal pigmentation. They are generally
pale, but with an intense black posteriorly directed triangle at the base of the caudal rays.
These are definitely not larvae of the tropical N. pelagica or boreal N. groenlandica, but
may belong to N. longicauda. USNM 246799 (1:41.5), 246800 (1:39.1).
BATHYLAGIDAE
The genera of bathylagids follow the recommendations of Kobyliansky (1986).
Bathylagichthys greyae (Cohen 1958) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1646 m, in tropical to
temperate Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Cohen 1984b, Kobyliansky 1985). In the
WNA from the Caribbean Sea (MCZ specimens) and Bermuda. We have examined speci-
mens (ARC 8908933; 1:80) from off Browns Bank (Scott and Scott 1988) and one (MCZ
162109, 1:77, 39û55' 67û25’W) collected on a 2002 NMFS cruise near Bear Seamount.
Bathylagus euryops Goode and Bean 1896 – Goiter blacksmelt (S&S) - Meso- and
bathypelagic, 548–1352 m, in temperate and subarctic waters from Bermuda to Davis
Strait (Cohen 1964b, Scott and Scott 1988). Common in Slope Water off New England.
MCZ 42319 (2), 45432 (2), 66264 (1), 124993 (1:130), 137979 (5:100–148), 138002
(5:180–210), 158720 (5:46–133), 158735 (1), 158778 (1), 158933 (1), 162014–16 (4).
Dolicholagus longirostris (Maul 1948) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 914–1828 m, in tropical
to subtropical waters worldwide (Cohen 1964b, 1984b; Kobyliansky 1985). In the WNA
from the Caribbean to Browns Bank (Cohen 1964b, Scott and Scott 1988). Common in
Slope Water and ranging to 49ûN east of Newfoundland with the Gulf Stream. MCZ 63999
(1), 66145 (1), 88980 (3:69–146), 88984 (1:35), 88985 (1:22), 138067 (1:80), 158934
(1:82), 161534 (1), 162009–13 (9:137–165).
Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin 1929) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 250–1700 m, in the
Atlantic from at least 32ûS to Greenland (Cohen 1964b, Okamura et al. 1995, MCZ
specimens). Collected from the Northeast Channel in the Gulf of Maine (Musick 1973)
and at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). Numerous in Slope Water off New
England. MCZ 88961 (1:35), 88965 (1:29), 88966 (1:56), 89864 (1:170), 126713 (2:77–
95), 158935 (1:96), 159294 (1:160), 159316 (1:195), 162017–19 (4:95–121).
OPISTHOPROCTIDAE
Dolichopteryx binocularis Beebe 1932 - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 1200 m, rare, known
from a few scattered sites in the Atlantic (Cohen 1964c, Trunov 1997). Reported previously
in the WNA based on the holotype collected off Bermuda at 730 m (Cohen 1964c) and from
the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). One specimen (MCZ
60716, 1:107, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m) was taken from Slope Water near Hudson
Canyon by WHOI. A damaged Dolichopteryx, probably this species, (MCZ 158905, 1:128,
39û59’N, 67û20’W) from off Powell Canyon is the northernmost known record.
Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer 1911 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–2000+ m (mostly
300–400 m), previously known from the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas in the
WNA (Cohen 1964c, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). MCZ specimens show a wide
distribution in the Caribbean and occasionally off Florida and Georgia. One specimen
(MCZ 60717, 1:14, 39û28’N, 64û36’W, 400–599 m), from Slope Water southeast of
Georges Bank by WHOI, is a northward range extension.
Opisthoproctus soleatus Vaillant 1888 - Mesopelagic, 300–800 m (mainly 500–700 m), in
tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Cohen 1990). In the WNA, known from the
Caribbean to southern New England, but rare in the area (MCZ 40510, 1:22, 39û45’N,
71û08’W) (Cohen 1964c, Quéro 1990).
ALEPOCEPHALIDAE
Note: The genus Alepocephalus needs critical review. Identification of some WNA mate-
rial is questionable (Markle 1986).

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Alepocephalus agassizii Goode and Bean 1883 - Agassiz’ smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) -
Benthopelagic, 600–2400 m, in the subtropical to temperate Atlantic, from the Gulf of
Mexico to Davis Strait in the WNA (Markle and Quéro 1984, McEachran and Fechhelm
1998). This is the most commonly caught smoothhead in the area and it apparently forms
dense schools at times. MCZ and YPM—at least 50 collections from the area.
Alepocephalus cf. australis Barnard 1923 - Benthopelagic, 100–2600 m, known from
northern South America to 39ûN in the WNA and from the eastern North Atlantic (Markle
and Sazonov 1990). The North Atlantic specimens may not be conspecific with the true A.
australis of the temperate southern hemisphere (Markle 1986). The following specimens
were collected during the 2000 and 2002 NMFS cruises to Bear Seamount. MCZ 138081
(1:570), 151950 (1:442), 158849 (1:430), 158850 (1:340), 158851 (1:380), 158852
(1:385), 158853 (1:420), 158855 (1:480), 158857 (2:470–590), 158860 (1:362), 158861
(1:370), 158862 (2:310–330), 158863 (1:470), 158997 (1:455), 162237 (3:440–575).
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean 1879 - Baird’s smoothhead (FNAM, S&S). Fig.
11 - Benthopelagic, 650–1700 m, known in the WNA from off Georgia, the Grand Banks,
and Greenland based on scattered records, but much more common in the eastern North
Atlantic (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). Haedrich and Merrett
(1988) reported A. bairdii occurring on the lower slope off New England. The only
specimen that we were able to examine from the study area (MCZ 158854, 1:575) was
collected by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount.
Alepocephalus productus Gill 1883 - Smalleye smoothhead (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 1464–
2500 m; the distribution of this species is presently unknown because of confusion with A.
blanfordii Alcock, 1892 from the Indian Ocean (Markle and Sazonov 1990). McEachran and
Fechhelm (1998) reported it from the Caribbean and northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The
holotype of A. productus (USNM 33341) was caught off southern New England (Goode and
Bean 1896) and Haedrich and Polloni (1974) reported it at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon.
Specimens come from 1464 m in Welker Canyon on Georges Bank (YPM 11291). Also seen
at 1930–1988 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977).
Bajacalifornia megalops (Lütken 1898) - Bigeye smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) - Bentho- to
bathypelagic, 250–3182 m, in the tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Markle and
Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA from the equator to Greenland
(Okamura et al. 1995). The holotype of Bathytroctes drakei Beebe, 1929 (USNM 170958),
a junior synonym of B. megalops, was taken from Hudson Canyon (Beebe 1929). MCZ
40654 (1), 59782 (1), 59785 (1), 59787 (1), 59788 (1), 59789 (1), 59796 (1), 59798 (1),
137978 (1:240), 161549 (1:110).
Bathylaco nigricans Goode and Bean 1896 - Black warrior (FNAM) - Meso- to bathype-
lagic, 450–4376 m (usually from 1750–2200 m), circumglobal in tropical regions (Markle
and Quéro 1984). However, Okamura et al. (1995) reported a specimen taken off
Greenland. We note a specimen (MCZ 95627, 1:235) taken from the stomach of a
swordfish caught off southern New England. The undigested nature of the specimen
indicates that it most likely was eaten somewhere in the area.
Bathyprion danae Marshall 1966 - Fangtooth smoothhead (FNAM). Fig. 12 - Meso- to
bathypelagic, 100–5046 m, previously known from the Atlantic and the western Pacific
(Markle and Quéro 1984), in the WNA from the Caribbean (Anderson et al. 1985). Two
specimens (MCZ 57613, 1:135, 39û50’N, 69û54’W, 2970–2980 m; and MCZ 128292,
Figure 11. Alepocephalus bairdii, MCZ 158854, 575 mm SL, 39û55’N, 67û23’W, 0–1200m.

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1:12, 39û47’N, 68û56’W, 0–775 m), taken by WHOI south of Nantucket and from Slope
Water south of Hydrographer Canyon, represent the first records records from off the east
coast of the United States.
Bathytroctes microlepis Günther 1878 - Smallscale smoothhead (FNAM) - Bentho- to
bathypelagic, 1100–3200 m (usually below 1800 m), known from the North Atlantic,
South China Sea, eastern South Pacific, and eastern Indian Ocean (Markle and Quéro
1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, previously known from the Gulf of
Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A specimen caught at 2130 m near Deepwater
Dumpsite 106 (identified as Grimatroctes bullisi by Musick et al. 1975) is probably this
species. Another specimen (MCZ 122119, 1:270, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m) is
probably the northernmost record.
Bathytroctes squamosus Alcock 1890 - Benthopelagic, 1000–2619 m, known from the
North Atlantic and Indian oceans (Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, this species
has been taken from the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and at 2619 m
near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1992).
Conocara murrayi (Koefoed 1927) - Benthopelagic, 1200–2600 m, in the northern and
eastern Atlantic, Indian, and western South Pacific oceans (Markle and Quéro 1984). In
the WNA, known from the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Markle and Sazonov 1990, McEachran
and Fechhelm 1998) and from two specimens from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at
2368–2619 m (Musick et al. 1992). In addition, we note a small specimen of Conocara sp.
(MCZ 57619) from 2903 m between Atlantis and Veatch canyons.
Mirognathus normani Parr 1951. Fig. 13 - Bathypelagic, 2000–3000 m, previously known
from single specimens collected off Portugal, Argentina, and south of Iceland (Markle and
Quéro 1984). The 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount collected one specimen (MCZ
158702, 1:127). This is the fourth known specimen and the first record for the WNA.
Narcetes stomias (Gilbert 1890) - Blackhead salmon (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 1500–2500
m, in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA from
the Caribbean to off New England (Markle and Quéro 1984). A specimen (USNM 215513) is
from off Delaware and others have been caught at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 in 2130–2376 m
(Musick et al. 1975, Musick et al. 1992). Two specimens (MCZ 58433 and 61016) come from
near Alvin and Atlantis canyons at 2080 to 2503 m. The 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount
collected the northeasternmost specimen (MCZ 158859, 1:440).
Photostylus pycnopterus Beebe 1933 - Starry smoothhead (FNAM) - Meso- to bathype-
lagic, 840–2868 m, circumglobal (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In
the WNA, found at scattered sites from the equator to Davis Strait (Okamura et al. 1995).
Figure 12. Bathyprion danae, MCZ 57613, 135 mm SL, 39û50’N, 69û54’W, 2970–2980 m.
Figure 13. Mirognathus normani, MCZ 158702, 127 mm SL, 39û57’N, 67û30’W, 0–2100 m.

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Two specimens (MCZ 60740, 60742) were taken from Slope Water off Toms and Veatch
canyons and another from the vicinity of Bear Seamount (MCZ 161561, 1:113).
Rouleina attrita (Vaillant 1888) - Softskin smoothhead (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, mainly
800–2300 m, from widely scattered sites in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans
(Markle 1977, Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, from the
Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and Hudson Canyon
(MCZ 55508, 2:208–370; Haedrich and Horn 1970, Haedrich and Polloni 1974). In
addition, specimens were caught at Block Canyon (MCZ 137989, 5:165–248), from near
Hydrographer Canyon (MCZ 40609, 1:129), and at Bear Seamount (MCZ 158726, 1:226).
Xenodermichthys copei (Gill 1884) - Bluntsnout smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) - Meso- to
bathypelagic near continental slopes, 100–2650 m, in the Atlantic, Indian and eastern
Pacific oceans (Markle and Quéro 1984). In the WNA, from Brazil to Greenland
(Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). A number of specimens are from the area
(MCZ 124797, 2:112–118; 124798, 2:135–168; 124799, 1:150; 128276, 1:105; 35318,
1:114; 38029, 1:123; 161558, 155; YPM 11304, 1; 11444, 1) and one (MCZ 58737, 1:35)
is from south of La Have Bank (40û49’N, 64û00’W).
PLATYTROCTIDAE
Barbantus curvifrons (Roule and Angel 1931) - Palebelly searsid (FNAM). Fig. 14 -
Bathypelagic, greater than 800 m (Quéro et al. 1984), previously known from the eastern
Atlantic (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987) and the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm
1998). However, specimens caught in Slope Water by WHOI (MCZ 75436, 1:28, 37û41’N,
72û54’W, 501–1000 m; off Baltimore Canyon, 60746, 1:76, 38û56’N, 71û39’W, 0–1017
m; near Hudson Canyon, 128273, 1:112, 39û40’N, 69û46’W, 0–1150 m; near Veatch
Canyon, and 60868, 1:73, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 0–1002 m, southeast of Georges Bank)
represent the first records of this species from off the east coast of the United States.
Holtbyrnia innesi (Fowler 1934) - Meso- to bathypelagic and benthopelagic, 100–1500 m,
in the tropical to temperate North Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans (Quéro et al. 1990a).
Matsui and Rosenblatt (1987) reported this species from three localities in the WNA: the
Bahamas, off Georgia, and over the continental rise off Hudson Canyon (38û29’N,
70û54’W), where the holotype (USNM 93174) was captured.
Holtbyrnia macrops Maul 1957. Fig. 15 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–1000 m during day,
but migrate as shallow as 100 m at night (Quéro et al. 1984). Previously known only from
Figure 14. Barbantus curvifrons, MCZ 60746, 76 mm SL, 38û56’N, 71û39’W, 0–1017 m.
Figure 15. Holtbyrnia macrops, MCZ 60743, 92 mm SL, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m.

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the eastern Atlantic (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Quéro et al. 1990a). One specimen,
(MCZ 60743, 1:92, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m), collected by WHOI in Slope Water
near Hudson Canyon, is the first record for the WNA.
Maulisia microlepis Sazonov and Golovan 1976 - Smallscale searsid (FNAM) - Bentho-
to bathypelagic, 700–2000 m, known from the North Atlantic, along the west African
coast, and the eastern Indian Ocean (Quéro et al. 1990a). Matsui and Rosenblatt (1987)
listed only one WNA record (USNM 215612, taken near Norfolk Canyon). Okamura et al.
(1995) reported this species from Georgia to Greenland. One specimen (MCZ 137992,
1:186, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) was taken by F/V Contender near Block Can-
yon. In addition, two small specimens of Maulisia sp. (MCZ 158835, 1:59 and 159004,
1:85) were collected from Bear Seamount by NMFS in 2000.
Mentodus rostratus (Günther 1878) - Bathypelagic, 980–2100 m, in the tropical Atlantic,
Indian, and northwestern Pacific oceans (Quéro et al. 1990a). Krueger et al. (1977)
reported this species from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 and Scott and Scott (1988)
reported five specimens from Flemish Cap. MCZ specimens are from the vicinity of
Hudson Canyon (MCZ 37469, 1:115+) and south of Browns Bank (MCZ 42148, 1:30).
Normichthys operosus Parr 1951 - Multipore searsid (FNAM). Fig. 16 - Meso- to
bathypelagic, 495–1270 m, widely distributed in the eastern North Atlantic and along the
western African coast (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Quéro et al. 1990a). Previously
reported from the Grand Banks, Flemish Cap, and Greenland in the WNA (Okamura et al.
1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Specimens collected by WHOI are from southeast of Block
Canyon (MCZ 75475, 1:67, 39û33’N, 70û56’W, 0–1200 m), and from south of Atlantis
Canyon (MCZ 75480, 1:118, 39û39’N, 70û26’W, 0–2155 m). A 2002 NMFS cruise
collected specimens from the south slope of Georges Bank and the vicinity of Bear
Seamount (MCZ 161920–27, 13:66–155). In addition, five lots of small Normichthys
(MCZ 128300–128304, 26–51) come from Slope Water in an area east of Cape May to
south of Nantucket probably belong to this species. These specimens represent the first
records from off the United States.
Sagamichthys sp. Fig. 17 - Meso- to bathypelagic and benthopelagic, 365–1200 m (Quéro
et al. 1990a). Three small specimens (MCZ 75482, 1:27, 38û53’N, 71û47’W, 0–601 m,
75507, 1:19, 39û30’N, 69û42’W, and 75508, 1:22, 38û18’N, 67û26’W) were taken in Slope
Water by WHOI from the vicinity of Hudson Canyon to south of Georges Bank. Despite
their small size, they are clearly identifiable as Sagamichthys by the combination of
pigment and photophores. They may be S. schnakenbecki (Krefft, 1953), the only known
Figure 16. Normichthys operosus, MCZ 161922, 153 mm SL, 39û58’N, 67û59’W, 0–1160 m.
Figure 17. Sagamichthys sp., MCZ 75508, 22 mm SL, 38û18’N, 67û26’W.

182
Atlantic species. In addition, the MCZ has two other lots of Sagamichthys, one from south
of Cape Hatteras (MCZ 75481) and another from near Bermuda (MCZ 75483). Together,
these are the first records of this genus in the WNA.
Searsia koefoedi Parr 1937 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 450–1500 m, known from the
subtropical WNA to Greenland (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Okamura et al. 1995, Quéro
et al. 1984). Two specimens (MCZ 60744, 1:66, 37û02’N, 73û31’W, 600–800 m and MCZ
75438, 1:63, 38û58’N, 67û47’W) were taken from the Slope Water east of Norfolk Canyon
and south of Lydonia Canyon. Two additional MCZ specimens are from the North
Sargasso Sea Province.
STOMIIFORMES
GONOSTOMATIDAE
Bonapartia pedaliota Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 397–2744 m, known
from the tropical to subtropical Atlantic. In the WNA from the Caribbean to Georges
Bank, with rare strays as far north as Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990, Scott and Scott
1988). MCZ—at least 47 MCZ collections from the area.
Cyclothone acclinidens Garman 1899 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 300–1200 m, in
tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the
WNA from the Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia. MCZ—at least 55 collections
from the area.
Cyclothone alba Brauer 1906 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 400–3000 m, in tropical to
subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from
the Caribbean to Newfoundland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 84 collections
from the area.
Cyclothone braueri Jespersen and Tåning 1926 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults to 2000 m,
in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the
WNA from the Caribbean to Newfoundland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 121
collections from the area.
Cyclothone microdon (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–2700 m, in tropical to
temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from
Bermuda to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 154 collections from the area.
Cyclothone pallida Brauer 1902 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 400–1500 m, in tropical to
subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the
Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia. MCZ—at least 120 collections from the area.
Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva 1964 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–1250 m, in
tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the
WNA from the Caribbean to the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 86
Diplophos taenia Günther 1873 - Mesopelagic, mostly 300–800 m during day, in tropical
waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). Known in the WNA from the
Caribbean to northeast of Georges Bank (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott
1988). Two lots (MCZ 142109 and 142110) are from south of La Have Bank. MCZ 98344
(1), 153228 (1).
Gonostoma atlanticum Norman 1930 - Mesopelagic, 300–600 m by day and 50–200 m at
night, in tropical waters worldwide (Quéro et al. 1990b). Found in the WNA from Brazil to
Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (MCZ 141957) and at least another 11 MCZ
Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen and Tåning 1919 - Mesopelagic, 100–600 m (Badcock
1984a), in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters (Quéro et al. 1990b). Known in the WNA
from northern South America to the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988) and Flemish Cap
(Harold and Clark 1990). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area.
Sigmops bathyphilum (Vaillant 1888) - Bathypelagic, 700–2700 m, in tropical to temperate
waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to

2003 183
Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly placed in the genus
Gonostoma (Miya and Nashida 2000). MCZ—at least 25 collections from the area.
Sigmops elongatum (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–1200 m during day and
25–600 m at night, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et
al. 1990b). In the WNA from northern Brazil and the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Scott
and Scott 1988). Formerly placed in the genus Gonostoma (Miya and Nashida 2000).
MCZ and YPM—at least 190 collections from the area.
PHOSICHTHYIDAE
Ichthyococcus ovatus (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, 200–500 m (Badcock 1984b), in
subtropical Atlantic waters. Known in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico
to Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990. MCZ—at least 50 collections from the area.
Pollichthys mauli (Poll 1953) - Stareye lightfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 100–200 m at
night and usually 200–500 m during day, but taken as deep as 1000 m (Scott and Scott
1988), in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. Ranges in the WNA from the
Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990). MCZ—at least 55 collections
from the area.
Polymetme thaeocoryla Parin and Borodulina 1990 - Benthopelagic, associated with
continental slope and rise, most common at 300–650 m (Parin and Borodulina 1990) but
reported as deep as 2620 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). In the WNA,
from northern South America (Grey 1964, Parin and Borodulina 1990) to Western Bank
on the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988). Identified as P. corytheola (Alcock 1898) in
earlier publications. MCZ 41360 (1:79), 62006 (2:67–75), 62028 (2:110–111), 76034
(2:103–121), 93241 (1:9.5), 124792 (1:115), 138030 (1:93), 144434 (1:162), 149406
(1:120), 150079 (1:53), YPM 11458 (1).
Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 250–600 m by day and
100–500 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b). In the WNA
from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda to Laurentian Channel (McEachran and
Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 71 collections from the area.
Vinciguerria nimbaria (Jordan and Williams 1895) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 200–400
m by day and 0–100 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b).
In the WNA from the equator to Sable Island Bank, Nova Scotia (McEachran and Fechhelm
1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 80 collections from the area.
Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 300–600 m by day
and 50–350 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b). In the
WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Bermuda to Browns Bank (McEachran and Fechhelm
1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ specimens show this species ranging east across the
WNA at about 42ûN. MCZ—at least 100 collections from the area.
Yarrella blackfordi Goode and Bean 1896. Fig. 18 - Benthopelagic, typically 500–700 m,
previously known from northern South America to off Florida in the WNA (Grey 1964).
One specimen (MCZ 153826, 1:90, 36û58’N, 74û36’W, 460–660 m) was recently col-
lected in Norfolk Canyon by NMFS. Two other lots, collected by F/V Contender, come
from near Hudson Canyon (MCZ 124870, 2:195–250, 39û35’N, 71û55’W, 481–880 m)
and at the head of Block Canyon (MCZ 126580, 3:135–155, 39û53’N, 71û30’W, 362–388
m). These specimens represent the first records north of Florida.
Figure 18. Yarrella blackfordi, MCZ 153826, 90 mm SL, 36û58’N, 74û36’W, 460–660 m.

184
STERNOPTYCHIDAE
Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes 1849 - Atlantic silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesope-
lagic, adults generally 200–500 m by day and 80 m at night, in tropical waters worldwide
(Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap
(Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 1207–2745 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al.
1975). MCZ and YPM—at least 135 collections from the area.
Argyropelecus affinis Garman 1899 - Mesopelagic, adults generally 300–600 m by day
and 100–300 m at night, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In
the WNA from the Caribbean to Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988).
MCZ 137080 (1), 137131 (1), 161881 (1:37).
Argyropelecus gigas Norman 1930 - Greater silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 300–
650 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the
Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have Basin (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37422 (1), 90288 (1),
124186 (13:64–90), 124802 (3:75–85), 124988 (2:75–95), 124989 (2:80–97), 137202 (1),
137211 (1), 137214 (2:66–83), 138051 (2:84–92), 158931 (1:51), 161878–80 (3:72–80).
Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco 1829 - Short silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic,
adults 200–800 m by day and 100–600 m at night, in tropical to warm temperate waters
worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to
Flemish Cap (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 110 collections from the area.
Argyropelecus sladeni Regan 1908 - Mesopelagic, adults 350–600 m by day and 100–375
m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Baird 1971). In the WNA from
southern Brazil to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 124187 (1:53), 124657
(1:45), 135949 (1).
Maurolicus weitzmani Parin and Kobyliansky 1993 - Mesopelagic, adults 200–400 m by
day and 0–100 m at night, in tropical eastern Atlantic and tropical to temperate waters in
the western Atlantic (Badcock 1984c, Parin and Kobyliansky 1996). In the WNA from
Brazil to Flemish Cap (Parin and Kobyliansky 1996, Scott and Scott 1988). Parin and
Kobyliansky (1993) split the formerly cosmopolitan Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1788)
and described the WNA population as M. weitzmani (Parin and Kobyliansky 1993, Parin
and Kobyliansky 1996). MCZ—at least 100 collections from the area.
Polyipnus clarus Harold 1994 - Benthopelagic, 39–833 m (most commonly 300–400 m),
known only from the Caribbean to the Scotian Shelf (Harold 1994, Scott and Scott 1988).
Musick (1973) collected this species (identified as P. asteroides) from the Gulf of Maine.
Scott and Scott (1988) illustrated the northernmost specimen (again as P. asteroides) from
off Emerald Bank. MCZ—at least 30 collections from the area.
Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann 1781 - Transparent hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 300–
1100 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from Brazil
totheGrandBanks(ScottandScott1988). MCZ—atleast137collectionsfromthearea.
Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird 1971 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 800–1500 m, in tropical to
temperate waters worldwide (Baird 1971). Uncommon in the western Atlantic but re-
ported from southern Brazil to Flemish Cap (Badcock and Baird 1980, Zamarro and Lloris
1991). MCZ 134656 (1), 134657 (1), 138074 (1:47), 146846 (1), 146847 (1), 146849 (1),
146850 (1), 158929 (1:31), 161876–77 (3:33–51).
Valenciennelleus tripunctulatus (Esmark 1871) - Mesopelagic, 100–700 m, in tropical to
temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from Gulf of Mexico north to
Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 129 collections
from the area.
STOMIIDAE
Note: We here present the species within the Stomiidae (sensu Fink 1985) by subfamily,
which closely follows the former family level assignments.
Astronesthinae
Astronesthes gemmifer Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2400 m,

2003 185
circumglobal in tropical to temperate waters (Gibbs 1964, 1990a). In the WNA from the
Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 133376
(1:20), 147047 (1:33), 147053 (1).
Astronesthes leucopogon Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from
about south of 35ûN to 10ûN. Scott and Scott (1988) recorded two specimens from south of
the Scotian Shelf between 40 and 43ûN. We have seen one specimen (MCZ 133449, 1:60)
from Slope Water at 38û04’N, 68û50’W.
Astronesthes macropogon Goodyear and Gibbs 1970 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m
(mostly 0–500 m), in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters only. In the WNA from Brazil
to the Bahamas and Bermuda (Gibbs 1990a, Goodyear and Gibbs 1970, Parin and
Borodulina 1997). At least 15 lots of larvae (e.g., MCZ 133353–133367, all 34 mm or
less) and one lot of postlarvae (MCZ 148607, 1:51) are known from Slope Water. The
latter specimen is a range extension to waters off Hudson Canyon.
Astronesthes micropogon Goodyear and Gibbs 1970 - Mesopelagic, 0–700 m, in tropical
to subtropical Atlantic waters only. In the WNA from Brazil to Bermuda (Goodyear and
Gibbs 1970, Parin and Borodulina 1997). One larva (MCZ 133308, 1:18), probably a Gulf
Stream waif, is known from the area. In addition three juveniles (MCZ 89457, 133304,
and 133307) are recorded from just south of area at about 37û15’N.
Astronesthes neopogon Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Meso- to bathypelagic, previously
known to occur across the Atlantic between 20ûN and 35ûN (Gibbs 1984a, 1990a). We
note two specimens from the Mid-Atlantic Bight: one (MCZ 65765, 1:167, 37û05’N,
73û37’W, 401–601 m) collected near Norfolk Canyon, and another (MCZ 133284, 1:104,
38û36’N, 72û03’W, 250–500 m) from Slope Water just south of Hudson Canyon. The
latter specimen is a slight northern range extension.
Astronesthes niger Richardson 1844 - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, in tropical to subtropical
waters worldwide (Gibbs 1984a). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Slope Water south of
Banquereau Bank (Gibbs 1964, Scott and Scott 1988). This is the most commonly caught
astronesthid species in the area. MCZ—at least 34 lots in the region.
Astronesthes richardsoni Poey 1852. Fig. 19 - Mesopelagic, in the tropical and subtropi-
cal Atlantic from 20ûN to 10ûS (Gibbs 1990a). A specimen (MCZ 161647, 1:83, 40û04’N,
68û05’W, 0–930 m), collected on a 2002 NMFS cruise, extends the range of the species to
the south slope of Georges Bank.
Astronesthes similus Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, 0–850 m, only in the WNA from the
Caribbean to the Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1964). A number of larvae (e.g., MCZ 42388,
132882–85, 147067, all >30 mm ) are known from Slope Water in the region.
Borostomias antarcticus (Lönnberg 1905) - Straightline dragonfish (S&S) - Meso- to
bathypelagic, 350–2500 m, antitropical species found in temperate to polar waters in the
North Atlantic and southern hemisphere (Gibbs 1986). In the WNA taken from 39ûN
northwards to off Greenland and Iceland (Gibbs 1964). Krueger et al. (1977) reported this
species from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. We note two specimens (MCZ
132835, 37û41’N, 72û54’W, 501–1000 m and MCZ 148380, 37û09’N, 74û06’W, 700–800
m). The latter specimen, taken near Norfolk Canyon, is the southernmost record in the
Figure 19. Astronesthes richardsoni, MCZ 161647, 83 mm SL, 40û04’N, 68û05’W, 0–930 m.

186
WNA. MCZ 37855 (1), 40484 (3), 40485 (1), 42877 (1), 132838 (1), 132839 (2), 132840
(1), 158728 (1), 162120–124 (5:86–202).
Heterophotus ophistoma Regan and Trawavas 1929 - Mesopelagic, mostly 200–850 m, in
the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1990a). A specimen (MCZ
161559, 1:195), collected just south of Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise, is a
range extension and new area record.
Neonesthes capensis (Gilchrist and von Bonde 1924) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 70–1650 m,
in subtropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA
between 20ûN and 40ûN (Gibbs 1964, 1984a; Gibbs and Barnett 1990). MCZ 132802
(1:147), collected in Slope Water south of La Have Bank, may be the northeasternmost
record. MCZ 41125 (1), 65782 (1:50), 65783 (1:57), 65784 (1:29), 132802).
Stomiinae
Chauliodus danae Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Dana viperfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic,
500–3500 m by day and 0–500 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters of the North Atlantic
(Parin 1990). Known in the WNA from the Caribbean to Slope Water south of Banquereau
Bank (Morrow 1964a, Scott and Scott 1988). Taken frequently in the area, although less
frequentlythanC. sloani. MCZandYPM—at least 76collectionsfrom thearea.
Chauliodus sloani Bloch and Schneider 1801 - Sloan’s viperfish (S&S) - Meso- to
bathypelagic, 1000–1800 m by day and 0–800 m at night, widespread in most tropical to
temperate waters worldwide (Parin 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Greenland
(Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 225 collections
from the area.
Stomias affinis Günther 1887 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, in tropical to temperate
waters worldwide (Gibbs 1990b). In the WNA from northern South America to the
vicinity of Hudson Canyon (Morrow 1964b). Three lots (MCZ 128774, 1:106, 40û32’N,
63û47’W, 710–790 m; MCZ 129664, 2:27–31, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 0–250 m; MCZ
129665, 1:41, 40û57’N, 63û35’W, 250–500 m) from Slope Water south of La Have Bank
represent a northern range extension and the first Canadian records. MCZ—at least 25
Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt 1842 - Boa dragonfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, this
subspecies is known only in the WNA from off the Carolinas to Greenland and Iceland
(Gibbs 1984b, Morrow 1964b, Okamura et al. 1995. MCZ and YPM—at least 165
Stomias brevibarbatus Ege 1918 - Shortbarbel dragonfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000
m, in tropical to temperate waters of the North Atlantic (Gibbs 1990b). In the WNA from
20ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico, to 42ûN (Coad 1986, Gibbs 1984b, McEachran and
Fechhelm 1998). One lot (MCZ 128992) is from the center of a warm core ring south of La
Have Bank and Scott and Scott (1988) reported a small juvenile from south of Emerald
Bank. Another specimen (MCZ 128678, 1:67, 41û36’N, 60û30’W, 50–60 m) is from Slope
Water south of Sable Island. MCZ—at least 16 collections from the area.
Stomias longibarbatus (Brauer 1902) - Meso- to bathypelagic, known from subtropical to
temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs 1984b). Found in the WNA from between 25ûN,
including the Gulf of Mexico, to 40ûN (Gibbs 1984b, Sutton and Hopkins 1996). The
northernmost specimen (MCZ 130644, 1:124) was collected just south of Browns Bank
and may represent a northern range extension. Formerly placed in the genus Macrostomias
(Fink and Fink 1986). MCZ 129117 (2), 130643 (1:62), 130644 (1:124).
Melanostomiinae
Bathophilus altipinnis Beebe 1933. Fig. 20 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 402–1464 m,
previously known only from Bermuda (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) and the Gulf of Mexico
(Sutton and Hopkins 1996). New area records are represented by: MCZ 84711 (1:76,
38û53’N, 71û47’W, 402–601 m) collected just south of Hudson Canyon, MCZ 148617
(1:63) from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106, and MCZ 84712 (1:64) from southeast of Cape
Hatteras. MCZ 84712 has pectoral fin-ray counts of 20–21 and pelvic fin-ray counts of 14
that most closely approach B. proximus or possibly B. altipinnis (Barnett and Gibbs 1968).

2003 187
Bathophilus brevis Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 75–1650 m, in the
WNA from northern Florida to Cape Hatteras and Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990,
Morrow and Gibbs 1964). Markle and Musick (1974) reported a specimen from between
Toms and Hudson canyons (39û08’N, 72û18’W, 0–914 m) that is the northernmost western
Atlantic record.
Bathophilus digitatus (Welsh 1923) - Mesopelagic, 0–500 m, in tropical to subtropical
waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico to Bermuda (Gibbs
and Barnett 1990). Post-larval specimens have been collected as far north as Slope Water
off the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank (MCZ 84746, 1:24). MCZ 84723 (1), 148433 (1).
Bathophilus longipinnis (Pappenheim 1914) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, in subtropical
waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Previously recorded in the WNA from the
Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, McEachran and
Fechhelm 1998, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). MCZ collections document a widespread
distribution in the Sargasso Sea. Two adults and two juveniles from Slope Water from south
of Veatch Canyon (MCZ 84750, 1:96, 39û25’N, 69û31’W, 500–750 m), SSE of Corsair
Canyon (MCZ 84769, 1:17, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 600–800 m and MCZ 84770, 1:66,
39û46’N, 65û14’W, 200–400 m), and southeast of Munson Canyon (MCZ 84771, 1:20,
39û27’N, 65û35’W, 600–800 m) represent a range extension to the vicinity of Georges Bank.
Bathophilus pawneei Parr 1927 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 50–1500 m (mostly 100–500 m),
in tropical waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA, previously
known from 20ûN to 32ûN, including the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the southeastern
United States coast (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). An adult (MCZ 84929, 1:85, 38û56’N,
69û32’W) and several post-larvae (MCZ 84883, 84886–91, between 14–38 mm) were
taken in Slope Water by WHOI. An adult was collected by NMFS from Bear Seamount
(MCZ 158904, 1:125). A juvenile taken by WHOI from Slope Water south of Banquereau
(MCZ 84909, 1:40, 41û16’N, 57û37’W, 65–85 m) is the northeasternmost record.
Bathophilus vaillanti (Zugmayer 1911) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–3500 m, in subtropical to
temperate North Atlantic waters. In the WNA from the Bahamas to off Banquereau Bank
(Scott and Scott 1988). This species was previously treated as B. metallicus (Welsh 1923)
until reviewed by Gibbs and Barnett (1990). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area.
Chirostomias pliopterus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1300 m
(most between 75–500 m), in subtropical to temperate North Atlantic waters (Gibbs and
Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). In the WNA from 20ûN to off Banquereau Bank
(Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 42274 (1:117), 42275 (1:52), 53240 (1:200), 86746 (1:66),
162131 (1:83).
Echiostoma barbatum Lowe 1843 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1900 m, in tropical to
subtropical waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from the
Caribbean to 42ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). Reported near
Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977). A very large specimen (MCZ 161590,
1:365) was collected near Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise. MCZ - 17
Figure 20. Bathophilus altipinnis, MCZ 84711, 76 mm SL, 38û53’N, 71û47’W, 402–601 m.

188
Eustomias achirus Parin and Pokhilskaya 1974 - Mesopelagic, known from scattered
records in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Clarke 1998, Parin and Pokhilskaya
1974). In the WNA from the Bahamas and Gulf of Mexico to Nova Scotia (Gibbs and
Barnett 1990, Clark 1998). A specimen from Slope Water off Browns Bank (MCZ 53244,
1:73, 39û56’N to64û34’W, 0–900 m) is the northernmost record (Clarke 1998).
Eustomias bibulbosus Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, 75–750 m, only in the subtropical to
temperate WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to Slope Water off Georges Bank
(Gibbs et al. 1983). Three specimens (MCZ 70465, 57022, and 70464) come from off the
eastern end of Georges Bank, and one from nearby Bear Seamount (161552, 1:127).
Eustomias borealis Clarke 2000 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1800 m, only in the WNA
from south of Bermuda to Slope Water south of La Have Bank (Clarke 2000). A specimen
(ARC 8704341, 1:95, 39û52’N to 63û47’W) is the northeasternmost record. MCZ 96093
(1:128, 38û55’N to 72û28’W, 0–750 m).
Eustomias enbarbatus Welsh 1923 - Mesopelagic, known from tropical to temperate
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the
Caribbean Sea to about of 40ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). One specimen (MCZ 97738) is
from 38û21’N, 67û38’W and another (MCZ 70622, 1:94), collected from Slope Water
south of La Have Bank, is probably the northeasternmost record.
Eustomias filifer (Gilchrist 1906) - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico and off
the East coast from 28ûN to 40ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). MCZ 162130 (1:68), USNM
323052 (1), 323060 (1), 323064 (1).
Eustomias fissibarbis (Pappenheim 1914) - Mesopelagic, known from the tropical to
temperate Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA
from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to off Banquereau Bank (Gibbs and Barnett 1990,
Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 96102 (1:55, 38û53”N, 70û48’W), 162128 (1:61).
Eustomias macrurus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, known from tropical and
subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990).
Found in the WNA from the Antilles northward to 42ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). We
have seen one specimen (MCZ 96117) from south of Veatch Canyon.
Eustomias obscurus Vaillant 1884 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1650 m, in tropical to
subtropical waters of the Atlantic (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from 10ûN to
40ûN (Morrow and Gibbs 1964). The northeasternmost specimens were taken over the
continental rise south of Hydrographer Canyon (MCZ 149221) and near Bear Seamount
(MCZ 162126:126). MCZ 96131 (1), 162125 (1), 162127 (1), 161553 (1).
Eustomias satterleei Beebe 1933 - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from off Florida to Browns
Bank (Clarke 2000). ARC 8704333 (1:62, 39û30’N to 65û05’W).
Eustomias schiffi Beebe 1932 - Mesopelagic, 200–800 m, known only from the northern
Sargasso Sea and Slope Water west of 50ûW (Gomon and Gibbs 1985). A specimen (MCZ
70463) from off Georges Bank just south of Oceanographer Canyon is the
northeasternmost record (Gomon and Gibbs 1985). MCZ 70619 (1).
Eustomias schmidti Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, 0–440 m, in tropical to
subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In
the WNA from the Caribbean to 38ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964).
Reported near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). Two specimens (MCZ
70445, 2:54–62) were taken south of the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank and another near
Bear Seamount (MCZ 162129, 1:91). MCZ 132535 (1:65), 157813 (1:65), 161554 (1:83),
162129 (1:91).
Flagellostomias boureei (Zugmayer 1913) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 75–1825 m, in sub-
tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the
WNA, usually from the Bahamas and Bermuda to 33ûN (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) but
known as far north as 58ûN to the east of Greenland (Gibbs 1984c). Numerous larvae and
postlarvae (e.g., MCZ 65803, 1:47; MCZ 65804, 1:43; MCZ 70493, 1:29) known from
Slope Water. One subadult (MCZ 155386, 1:66, 35û05’N, 72û18’W, 0–700 m) was taken

2003 189
off Cape Hatteras and three adults (MCZ 53252, 1:126, 39û22’N, 70û49’W, 0–1050 m;
MCZ 70491, 1:234, 39û28’N, 71û01’W, 0–1000 m; and MCZ 155392, 1:179, 39û48’N,
70û41’W, 0–700 m) were collected south of Block Canyon. A juvenile (MCZ 65802, 1:51,
41û05’N, 63û33’W, 250–500 m) is a new record for Canadian waters. MCZ 42278 (1),
70491 (1:234), 162136–37 (2:60–87).
Grammatostomias circularis Morrow 1959 - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropical
Atlantic waters (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA between 19ûN to 32ûN
(Gibbs 1984c). A postlarval waif (MCZ 70499, 1:44) was taken off the Northeast Peak of
Georges Bank.
Grammatostomias dentatus Goode and Bean 1896 - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropi-
cal Atlantic waters (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). The holotype (USNM 37370) is from off
Georges Bank, just south of Hydrographer Canyon (Goode and Bean 1896 stated “east of
Delaware”). One specimen (MCZ 70497, 1:146, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 800–1000 m) is from
southeast of Georges Bank and two more from near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161555, 1:97;
162135, 1:65). MCZ 132497 (1:74, 38û24’N, 71û08’W).
Grammatostomias flagellibarba Holt and Byrne 1910 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in tropical
to subtropical waters of the North Atlantic, previously known from 15ûN and 32ûN in the
WNA (Gibbs 1984c). Two juveniles (MCZ 155414, 1:36, 35û04’N, 72û09’W, 0–700 m
and MCZ 70503, 1:25, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 600–800 m) were collected off Cape Hatteras
and in Slope Water southeast of Georges Bank. The latter is a northward range extension.
Leptostomias bilobatus (Koefoed 1956) - Mesopelagic, 0–1350 m, known from widely
scattered sites in the Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In
the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) and the Sargasso Sea (Gibbs
and Barnett 1990). Krueger et al. (1977) reported three specimens (MCZ 132435) from
midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106.
Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer 1911) - Mesopelagic, in subtropical to temperate
waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from 25ûN to 40ûN,
Figure 21. Leptostomias longibarba MCZ 158734, 340 mm SL, 39û53’N, 67û30’W, 2217–
2756 m.

An Annotated List Of Deepwater Fishes From Off The New England Region, With New Area Records

An Annotated List Of Deepwater Fishes From Off The New England Region, With New Area Records

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An Annotated List Of Deepwater Fishes From Off The New England Region, With New Area Records