Acute poisoning First aid Treatment Management Antidotes

1. ACUTE POISONING AND ITS
TREATMENT
UNIT-10
DRUG METABOLISM
PRIYANSHA SINGH
B. Pharm, M.S. (Pharm.)- Pharmacology & Toxicology

15. Clinical signs of poisoning by drugs & abused drugs

17. GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE POISONING

20. - IV Sodium bicarbonate- used to alkalize the urine to ↑ elimination of acidic compounds like
salicylate, phenobarbitone
- Administration of Ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid will acidify the urine to ↑ elimination of alkaline
compounds like amphetamine, quinine, phencyclidine etc.

21. Peritoneal dialysis- Instilling a proper fluid into peritoneal cavity
& poison in blood enters fluid by downward conc. gradient

24. E. Enhanced biotransformation & excretion of
poison
• Enzyme induction for enhancing biotransformation of poison is a slow
process- not very important
• By modulating the rate of biotransformation or enhancing the elimination of
poison we can decrease the toxic effects.
• Many chemical yield toxic metabolites hence inhibition of biotransformation
should ↓ toxicity. E.g. - in case of methanol poisoning, ethanol are given, to ↓
biotransformation n of methanol into formic acid.
• Microsomal enzyme induction enhances the biliary excretion of poison- slow
process- useful for the poisons having ↑ t1/2 (long acting)- this metabolism
increases the polarity of metabolites therefore increasing its biliary solubility.

25. • Urinary excretion- diuretics can be used to enhance this process
by inhibiting the reabsorption, of drug/poison or by ↓ the conc.
Gradient between lumen & tubular cell & ↑ the flow out through
tubule.

27. ANTIDOTES FOR THE POISON AND THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION

28. ANTIDOTES FOR THE POISON AND THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION