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1. ACTINOMYCOSIS
AND
ACTINOBACILLOSIS
HITESH
2018V129B
HVC NO. : 1258

2. ACTINOMYCOSIS
(LUMPY JAW)
Disease of mainly Cattle and Buffalo characterized by rarefying osteomyelitis of head
region mainly of mandible and maxilla.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Worldwide distribution
SUSCEPTIBILITY
Cattle and Buffalo are more prone.
Inherited susceptibility is seen in Cattle.

3. ETIOLOGY
Actinomyces bovis -
gram positive bacteria
shape- filamentous
TRANSMISSION
Common inhabitant of mouth.
Injury in oral cavity leads to infection from injured epithelium.
Not a zoonotic disease.

4. PATHOGENESIS
Entry of organism from injured mucus membrane
Localize in bones
Maxilla Mandible
causes granulomatous inflammation and pus formation
difficulty in mastication and prehension leads to starvation

5. Visceral Actinomycosis – Seen in Swine
Soft tissues like esophageal groove and reticulum
are affected.
leads to indigestion and diarrhea
progressive emaciation

6. CLINICAL SIGNS
Cattle-
Painless swelling of mandible and maxilla.
Later - hard ,immovable and painful.
Lymph nodes are not affected.
Swellings break through skin and discharge
honey like pus containing Sulphur granules.
Teeth become loose and painful causing partial starvation.
Horse- Poll evil
causative organisms – Actinomyces bovis and Brucella abortus
granulomatous inflammation of ligamentum nuchae and bursa

7. DIAGNOSIS
Clinical sings
Microscopic examination of pus – Sulphur granules are seen.
P.M LESIONS
Bone density is reduced.
Mandible and Maxilla are filled with pus.

8. TREATMENT
Streptomycin 6-10 gm orally for 7-10 days daily
Sodium Iodide 20 % @ 1gm/12kg. Repeat dose after 10 days
Strepto penicillin – Dicrystine S – 5 ml vial contains –
5 gm Streptomycin
20 lakh units of Penicillin
Sulphur drugs – Sulphapyridine and Sulphathiazide @ 1 gm/7kg for 5 days

9. ACTINOBACILLOSIS
Wooden Tongue – Inflammation of tongue, lymph nodes and soft tissues of head, neck
and upper respiratory tract.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Worldwide except extremely cold countries.
SUSCEPTIBILITY
Cattle, Buffalo and Sheep are more prone.
Rarely affects Swine, Dog and Horse.

10. ETIOLOGY
Actinobacillus lignieresii – gram negative
shape – coccobacilli
4 subtypes
Type 1 – Cattle and Buffalo
Type 2,3,4 – Sheep
TRANSMISSION
Natural inhabitants of oral cavity.
Injury to buccal or glossal membrane leads to invasion of organism.
Have zoonotic potential.

11. PATHOGENESIS
Entry through injured mucous membrane.
Tongue Lymph nodes Soft tissue
Glossal Actinobacillosis Lymphadenitis Lower esophagus
Rumen
granulomatous Retropharyngeal Reticulum
inflammation Sub mandibular
Indigestion
Emaciation

12. CLINICAL SIGNS
Cattle- initial stage
Protrusion and inflammation of tongue.
Ulcers at the sides of tongue.
Gentle chewing movement due to inflamed tongue.
Advance stage
After 2 – 3 months.
Fibrosis of tongue – hard and immovable.
Animal is unable to eat.
Lymph nodes – inflamed and rupture outside the body – pus oozes outside.
Pus contain Sulphur granules.
Involvement of Retropharyngeal L.N – difficulty in respiration.

13. Sheep
Cutaneous Actinobacillosis
Nodules are present on face, thighs, head and lips.
Pus do not contain Sulphur granules.
Lips – thick and scaly – unable to eat – die due to starvation.
Tongue is not affected.

14. P.M LESIONS
Sand like Sulphur granules in pus.
Inflammation of tongue.
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical signs and P.M lesions.
Culture of pus.

15. TREATMENT
Streptomycin Sulphate – 5 -10 mg/ kg for 5-7 days
Potassium Iodide – 7-10 gm orally daily for 10 days.
Sodium Iodide 20% @ 1gm/ 12kg – I.V – Repeat after 10 days.

16. ACTINOMYCOSIS
Actinomyces bovis
Gram positive
Anaerobic
Major involvement of bone.
Lymph nodes not involved.
No cutaneous involvement.
Sulphur granules are larger.
ACTINOBACILLOSIS
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Gram negative
Aerobic
Major involvement of tongue.
Lymph nodes are affected.
Cutaneous involvement of sheep.
Sulphur granules are smaller.