Developmental psychology

1. Dr.Vanitha Innocent Rani

2. Growth:
Refers to an increase in the number and size of the
cells.
Physical changes in the child-increase in size and
weight etc
Development:
Refers to gradual change and expansion,
advancement from a lower to a more complex
level ‫إلى‬ ‫أدنى‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫من‬ ‫والتقدم‬ ،‫التدريجي‬ ‫والتوسع‬ ‫التغيير‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫شير‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫تعقي‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مستوى‬
eg.psychological,social,intellectual&physical
change occurs throughout the lifespan

3. Growth development
Structural changes in one’s
personality
Progressive increase in skills and
function
It is easy to observe and to
measure
Difficult to observe and measure
It stops when maturity has been
obtained
Continuous process and extends
throughout the lifespan

4.  Physical
 Mental(intellectual)development
 Emotional development
 Social development
 Moral and character development

5. Internal Factors
-hereditary
-biological factors
-intelligence
-emotional factors

6. External factors:
a.Internal environment(in the
womb of the mother)
b.External
environment(environment
after birth)

7.  -called neonate for the first 4 weeks after
birth
 -first 12 months-rapid motor development&
learns to sit,stand and begins to walk
 -weight triples from birth weight by one
year‫الوالدة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫أضعاف‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫يتضاعف‬
 -length increases by almost 50% from birth
Psychological need:need for
love,security,affection‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫عاط‬,warmth,comfor,acc
eptance,nourishment,understanding and
physical contact

8. Children in hospital:
-separation
-Disturbances in mental health
&personality development
-sense of loss
-mourning and grief
-fearful and angry lack of interest
-nightmares‫الكوابيس‬
-other emotional disturbances

9. Role of the Nurse:
-should give much personal attention
such as handling,cuddling,holding,loving
-observation-cry,restlessness‫االرق‬ of body
parts
-encourage parents to comfort the child
-stroking the child, talking softly, hugging
-should be given love, affection and care
‫الطفل‬ ‫تهدئة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الوالدين‬ ‫تشجيع‬
-
‫بهدوء‬ ‫والتحدث‬ ‫الطفل‬ ‫مداعبة‬
‫والمعانقة‬
-should give suitable toys to play with
-use of force and violence should be
avoided

10. The Growth rate slows down in most areas
during this period
-2 and a half inches taller and five to seven
pounds heavier-during each year
-child learns to walk,run,climb and balance-
fine motor skills and muscular co ordination
-learns to speak
-learn to dress and care for himself

11.  -how to use the writing tools,identitfying letters,
numbers and sounds
Emotional
 He experiences emotions of love and hate,
jealousy and anxiety ‫والغيرة‬ ‫والكراهية‬ ‫الحب‬ ‫بمشاعر‬ ‫يشعر‬
‫والقلق‬
 Learns to tolerate a certain degree of frustration
and disappointment ‫وخيبة‬ ‫اإلحباط‬ ‫من‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫تحمل‬ ‫يتعلم‬
‫األمل‬
 Period of rapid physical, intellectual and socio
emotional growth
 Psychological:love,recognitiion,security,acceptanc
e,encouragement,protection,decipline,nutrition,et
c
،‫االنضباط‬ ،‫الحماية‬ ،‫التشجيع‬ ،‫القبول‬ ،‫األمن‬ ،‫االعتراف‬

12.  Tender‫عطاء‬ loving care and physical security
 Day should be planned well
 Observation is important
 Cordial relationship ‫الودية‬ ‫العالقة‬should be
maintained
 Explain the procedures
 Provide privacy
 Encourage him to do things for himself

13.  -allow child to choose his own play
Handling parents anxiety:
-some parents may become over critical /fault
findings
-Nurse should not loose temper
-should be tolerant and tactful when dealing
with questions ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫ولبا‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ح‬‫متسام‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫جب‬
‫األ‬
-make the parents feel well and cheerful‫البهجة‬

14.  Physical growth is slow and gradual
 The child grows 2-3 inches in height and
gains about 3-5 pounds of weight in a year
 Increased muscular development-running,
swimming riding a bicycle etc
 Writing and reading and ability to handle
language develop
 Fine movements develop

15.  Psychological:
 He needs protective
environment,encouragement,decipline for self
expression, guidance and direction
Role of a Nurse:
-need love and care when feeling loneliness
Need guidance and direction
-nurse must answer his questions

16.  Health teaching can be given
 Observe for depression,withdrawl
from others
 Allow the child to participate in his
care
 The child expect the nurse to share
time with him

17.  Rapid physical, intellectual ,emotional and
social growth-period of growing up
 Physically becomes an adult
 Sex organ mature
 Changes in height,weight,shape of the body,
sound of the voice, presence of pubic hair
and other external sexual characteristics
 Mature mode of thinking

18.  Enter into other relationship like marriage,
work and other community
 Puberty is important physical changes
 Has many variations between excessive
energy and laziness‫الكسل‬
 Psychological:
 Need for status and independence
 ‫للجنس‬ ‫الصحيح‬ ‫وجه‬
‫اآلخروالتوجيه‬
‫المهنة‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫في‬

19.  Explain each procedure and scientific
rationale
 Give privacy
 Encourage questions regarding fears,options
and alternatives
 Explain nursing procedures
 Adolescent may weep ‫المراهق‬ ‫يبكي‬or become
very emotionally upset when facing
unpleasant treatment

20.  Reach their full height
 Reproductive capacity of women will
be peak
 75% OF WOMEN will have ‫تقلبات‬
‫مزاجية‬mood swing
 Choosing a career and life partner are
top priorities
 Child rearing is very important

21.  Psychological:
 Balance of intimacy,commitment,freedom and
independence
 Needs security, self realization and
recognition ‫والحرية‬ ‫وااللتزام‬ ‫الحميمة‬ ‫العالقة‬ ‫توازن‬
‫واالستقالليحتاج‬
‫واالعتراف‬ ‫الذات‬ ‫وتحقيق‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫إلى‬
 Role of a Nurse
 Rarely hospitalized
 Need teaching and assistance in handling
babies

22.  Patient should be recognized and
expected
 Answers questions regarding the
diagnosis and treatment
 Assist patient in solving problems
which they worry
 Independence should be encouraged

23.  Called midlife
 Decline of physical development
 Skin looses some of the elasticity
 Hair become thin and turn grey ‫اللون‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يتحول‬
‫الرمادي‬
 Muscular strength declines
 Cholesterol level raise
 BP raises
Heart problem may result

24.  Changes in reproductive and sexual organs
 Decrease production in sexual hormones
 Mid forties cessation of menstruation which
includes hot ‫مع‬ ،‫األربعينات‬ ‫منتصف‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشهرية‬ ‫الدورة‬ ‫انقطاع‬
‫ودوخة‬ ،‫ساخنة‬ ‫هبات‬ ‫حدوث‬
flushes,dizziness,headache,irritability,depress
ion,insomnia and weight gain
 For male after 50 years gradual decline in
testosterone

25.  CVS,HT,DM,peptic ulcer and communicable
diseases are common
 If admitted he needs to feel welcome and
secure
 Explain procedures and policy
 Anxieties related to job
 Close observation is necessary
 Need families help

26.  Nurse need to help to
overcome stress in family, job
etc
 Health teaching
 Should encourage
independence as soon as the
patient is ready for it

27.  Considered as old age
 Retirement from active work
 Impairment of sensory function(seeing
and hearing)
 Slow down of motor function
 Impairment of muscular co ordination
 Decline in mental ability

28.  Psychological
-need for improvement of self image
-need for normal roles and
relationships
-Need for love and ,hopefulness
Role of a Nurse
-Nursing care of elderly is called
geriatric nursing
-should respect and value as an
individual

29.  Nurse should check vital signs, ability
to hear see and walk
 Bedsore should be avoided
 Close observation needed such as
depression, withdrawing interest in
others and environment ,sleeping
poorlyand expressing sadness

30.  Encourage appropriate activities such
as playing games, listening to
music,entertainment‫الترفيه‬,creative
hand work, etc
 Physical protection from harm and
injury
 Health education related to personal
hygiene, importance of excercise,good
nutrition etc

31.  Psychology during illness
 Psychology of chronically ill and disabled
patients(challenge individuals)
 Psychology of caregivers during illness
 Loss and grief
 Kubler-ross identified 5 stages of feeling and
behaviour that individuals experience in
response to a real, perceived or anticipated
loss

32.  Stage-I-Denial:
 This is a stage of shock and disbelief ‫مرحلة‬ ‫هي‬
‫التصديق‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫الصدمة‬
 The response may be one of ‘No it cant be
true’
 Denial is a protective mechanism
 Stage-II-Anger
 Why me? And’ its not fair ‘are comments
expressed during anger stage

33.  Stage-III-bargaining -
‫المساومة‬
 A bargain is made with god in an attempt to
reverse ‫او‬ ‫لعكس‬
‫تاجيل‬ or postpone the loss
 Stage-IV-depression
 Loss is experienced
 Stage-V-acceptance
 Bring a feeling of peace regarding the loss
that has occured

34. world health report says,
 Women's health is inextricably linked to
their status in society. It benefits from
equality, and suffers from
discrimination "Women's health is inextricably n
society. ‫رتبط‬
‫المجتمع‬ ‫في‬ ‫بوضعها‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫وثي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ط‬‫ارتبا‬ ‫المرأة‬ ‫صحة‬
.
‫ف‬
‫يستفيد‬ ‫هو‬
‫من‬ ‫ويعاني‬ ،‫المساواة‬ ‫من‬
‫التمييز‬ It benefits from equality, and
suffers from discrimi ‫رتبط‬
‫في‬ ‫بوضعها‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫وثي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ط‬‫ارتبا‬ ‫المرأة‬ ‫صحة‬
‫المجتمع‬
.
‫التمييز‬ ‫من‬ ‫ويعاني‬ ،‫المساواة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يستفيد‬ ‫فهو‬ nation

35. In many countries esp. South-East Asia Region Women are
 Second-rate citizens and are denied many rights.
 Access to health care is often denied to them
 Poverty, illiteracy, big families, number of children all
compound this problem.
 Domestic violence, abuse of women, attitudes towards the
girl child and female infanticide
 Childhood sexual abuse
 Battering of female children
 Dowry, Neglect and indifference
‫وخاصة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫ي‬
.
‫آسيا‬ ‫شرق‬ ‫جنوب‬ ‫منطقة‬
‫المرأةمواطنون‬
‫الثانية‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫من‬
‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫من‬ ‫ويحرمون‬
‫الحقوق‬
.
ً‫ا‬‫وكثير‬
‫الرعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫حرمون‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ما‬
‫الصحيةالفقر‬
‫واألمية‬
‫هذه‬ ‫تفاقم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تؤدي‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫كلها‬ ‫األطفال‬ ‫وعدد‬ ‫الكبيرة‬ ‫والعائالت‬
‫المشكلة‬
.
‫العنف‬
‫معاملة‬ ‫وإساءة‬ ،‫المنزلي‬
‫ووأد‬ ‫الطفلة‬ ‫تجاه‬ ‫والمواقف‬ ،‫المرأة‬
‫اإلناثاالعتداء‬
‫على‬ ‫الجنسي‬
‫األطفالضرب‬
‫واإلهمال‬ ‫المهر‬ ‫اإلناث‬ ‫األطفال‬
‫والالمباالة‬

36. 1.Common Mental Disorders(CMD)-depression&
anxiety
2.Chronic Mental Illness-bi-polar &schizophrenia
3.Mentally Ill Women and Their Marriages
4.Suicide and Self Harm
5.Violence
6.Gynecological Morbidity and
Psychological Disorder
7.Childbirth and Mental Health
8.Adolescent Sexuality & Mental Health

37. Thank you