1.Air Traffic Management and Control (空中交通管理和管制)

Air Traﬃc Management and Control
空中交通管理和管制
By : Prof. Abdelaziz Mousa 穆萨 April 2024

Basic information of the course
By : Prof. Abdelaziz Mousa 穆萨
English name Basic of Air Traffic Control
Course No 2314004L Course type Compulsory
course credit 4
Course
hours
96
Applicable
majors
Transportation major
Advanced
Placement
"Fundamentals of Civil Aviation"
Post-requisite
courses
"Airport Control"
Course
manager
Abdelaz
iz
Mousa
穆萨
Course team
members

About me
Professor Abdelaziz Mohamed Mousa Ahmed Mousa 穆萨
Expert in Aerospace Control Systems and Aircraft Engineering
Education:
● Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering
○ Beijing Institute of Technology University (BIT)
○ Specialization: Control Systems for Aerospace
○ Duration: September 2017 - June 2019
● Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Design and Engineering
○ Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang) (BUAA)
○ Specialization: Flight Vehicle Design and engineering
○ Duration: September 2012 - June 2016
Email: abdelaziz.mousa@outlook.com Mobile: +86 1850032744 微信: a01027448628

Important Class Information - 微信群组更名 & 缺勤扣分 & 作业提交
你好 (Hello)
1. 微信群组更名 (WeChat Group Rename)
为了方便管理班级 (For easier class management), 请将你所在微信群组的昵称改为学号+姓名格式 (please
change your nickname in the WeChat group to the format Student Number + Chinese Name).
例如 (For example):
如果你的学号是 20230001，姓名是张三 (If your student number is 20230001 and your name is Zhang San), 你
将昵称改为 "20230001张三" (you will change your nickname to "20230001 Zhang San").
2. 缺勤扣分 (Absence Points Deduction)
请注意，缺勤将被扣除总成绩的 2% (Please be aware that each absence will result in a 2% deduction from
your total score).
3. 作业提交 (Homework Submission)
所有作业将发送到以下邮箱: abdelaziz.mousa@outlook.com (All homework will be sent to the following email
address: abdelaziz.mousa@outlook.com).
请确保及时完成并提交作业 (Please ensure you complete and submit your homework on time).
谢谢合作 (Thank you for your cooperation)!
老师穆萨 (Teacher Mousa)

Course assessment
Course
Objectives:
Support the assessment link and score
Course
Objective
Points
Assignments
Class
discussions
Mid-term
assessment
Final
assessment
1 20 20 30 30 100

Textbooks
1.教材
• 董襄宁，赵征，张洪海．《空中交通管理基础》．科
学出版社．2011.01
2.参考资料
• [1] 张洪海．《空中交通流量协同管理》．科学出版
社．2016.09
3.学习网站
• 民航资源网（http://www.carnoc.com/）
Course Resources

We will explore the fascinating world of Air Traffic
Management and Control (ATM). ATM is the system that
ensures the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic. It is
a complex and critical function that keeps our skies safe for
millions of passengers and cargo every day.
We will delve into the different components of ATM,
including air traffic control (ATC), airspace management, and air
traffic flow management. We will also discuss the technologies
used in ATM, such as radar, communication systems, and
navigation aids.
By the end of this course, you will have a good
understanding of how ATM works and the important role it plays
in aviation safety and efficiency.
I hope you are excited to learn more about ATM!
Course about

Ensuring Safety First, Improving Service
Quality, and Striving for Normal Flight
• Airworthiness of aircraft
• Pilot skill level
• Air traﬃc order
• Meteorological and communications
navigation monitoring facilities
• Flight standard
• Safety measure
Ensuring Safety and Growth: General Policy of China's Civil
Aviation Work 中国民航工作总方针

1. Air traffic management
air traffic management
ATM
airspace management
ASM
air traffic services
ATS
air traffic flow
management
ATFM
flight information service
FIS
air traffic control
services
ATCS
Alarm service
AS

1. Air traffic management
air traffic control services
ATCS
approach control
APP
airport control
TWR
Area control
ACC
release
DELIVERY
ground
GROUND
tower
TOWER

Keeping the Skies Safe and Efficient
Air traffic management tasks:
• Effectively maintaining and promoting
air traffic safety
• Maintaining air traffic order
• Ensuring smooth air traffic flow
1.Air Traffic Management: Keeping the Skies Safe and Efficient

Definition : The business of managing and controlling aircraft air
activities, which is the general term for air traffic control services,
flight information services and warning services.
1.Air traffic control services :
( 1 ) Prevent aircraft from colliding with aircraft and aircraft
from colliding with obstacles;
( 2 ) Maintain and accelerate the orderly flow of air traffic.
2.Flight information service : Provides advice and
information services to aircraft in flight that are beneficial
to the safe and effective implementation of flights.
Warning service : Notify relevant organizations of the need to
search and rescue aircraft, and assist the organization or
coordinate the work as necessary.
1.1 Air Traffic Services

● Mission:
○ Optimize air traffic flow to prevent congestion and
maximize capacity.
○ Make adjustments when traffic approaches or reaches
control area limits.
○ Ensure efficient use of airport and airspace resources.
● Airspace Management Tasks:
○ Continuously improve the airspace environment.
○ Optimize airspace structure based on national
policies.
○ Meet the needs of airspace users as much as
possible.
1.2 Air traffic flow management and airspace management

Developments area in air traﬃc control:
• Communication: Enhanced Communication Methods
• Navigation: Precision Navigation Systems
• Surveillance: Advanced Surveillance Technologies
2. Modernizing the Skies: Developments in Air Traffic Control
Flags and lights (visual) - Radio (communications,
navigation) - Radar (surveillance) - Computers and
satellites (new technology: electronic navigation
computers)

2. Modernizing the Skies: Developments in Air Traffic Control
“世界上本没有路，走的人多了也就成了路。”
flight
history
The rise of
aviation
The age or air
traffic control

Flight history
Ornithopter designed by
Leonardo da Vinci
Gloria's aircraft
wright brothers at the beach

The rise of aviation
Postal route from Washington to New York opened
Lt. George Boyle in JN-4H 38262 starts his takeoff from
Washington with first scheduled US air mail on May 15,
1918.
Boeing and Hubbard launch first Seattle - Victoria airmail route
DC - 3
21
seats
B247
10 seats

Early air traffic control:
• The idea that there should be rules for air flight was originally
initiated by pilots themselves.
• The first countries to develop air traffic control systems were
European countries with limited airspace.
The Early Days of Air Traffic Control
● In 1919, the International Commission on Air Navigation
(ICAN) was established following the Paris Convention. This
organization formulated the earliest air navigation rules,
known as the "Air Code."
● After the creation of the National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics (NACA) in the United States in 1915, which later
became NASA in 1958, a series of relevant regulations were
also formulated.

The Early Days of Air Traffic Control
First air traﬃc controller
Archie League
The first control tower to use ground-to-air and air-to-ground
radio communication was built in 1930 at Cleveland Airport.
Source: National Air and Space Museum Archives

1934 to 1945 WWII
Radio communications
and navigation IFR
process
control
Air route network
and control tower

1945 to 1980s :From Wartime Defense to Safety in the Skies
•Radar , Invented by Britain during WWII to
detect enemy aircraft, radar has become a
cornerstone of modern air traffic control
(ATC)
•Radar uses radio waves to pinpoint the
location of aircraft, enabling controllers to
safely manage air traffic even in low visibility
conditions.
Early air traffic control radar

1945 to 1980s :From Wartime Defense to Safety in the Skies
1960s, secondary
surveillance radar (SSR) and
computer technology were
widely used - radar control

Today's Radar Control
• PSR : Primary Surveillance Radar
• SSR : Secondary Surveillance Radar
PSR
Antenna
SSR
Antenna

late 1980s
Advanced avionics
system
Air-ground
collaborative air
traffic control
system
Satellite Navigation
Application

Air traffic control work in Modern China
Two Airlines Uprising
● November 2, 1949: Establishment of
the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Central
Military Commission (marks the
foundation for China's air traffic control
system)
● November 1, 1950: Chairman Mao
Zedong signs China's first flight rules:
the Basic Flight Rules of the People's
Republic of China (establishes the
groundwork for safe air travel)

Evolution of China's Air Traffic
Management and Control System
● 1980s: Military to Civilian Conversion and
Enterpriseization.
○ The air traffic control system transitioned from military to
civilian control.
○ This shift aimed to improve efficiency and align with
international standards.
● 1987: Separation of Government and Enterprises
○ The government separated its regulatory role from the
operational functions of air traffic control.
○ This established the foundation for a modern civil
aviation industry.
● 2002 and Beyond: Complete Separation and Restructuring
○ The government fully separated itself from ownership
and operations of air traffic control.
○ This reform aimed to enhance efficiency, promote
competition, and accommodate further growth.
●

The first military-to-civilian transition began in 1980
and embarked on the road to enterpriseization.
● Before Reform (Pre-1980):
○ Military Control: All flights were controlled by the
People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF)
○ Focus on Defense: Primary goal was ensuring national
airspace security
○ Limited Civilian Role: Air traffic control mainly
supported military operations and emergency situations
● After Reform (1980s Onward):
○ Separation of Systems: Gradual establishment of a
dedicated civil air traffic control (ATC) system
○ Civilian Airport Focus: Initial ATC responsibility for
managing takeoffs and landings at civilian airports
○ Military Retains Control: Continued military oversight
of most airspace and flight routes

The 2nd Reform of China's Air Traffic Control System, which
began in 1987 , basically formed the structure of the modern
civil aviation industry.
● 1986: Establishment of the Air Traffic Control Committee to
oversee national air traffic control work.
● September 1993: Issuance of a three-step strategic reform plan
by the State Council and Central Military Commission.
○ Step 1: Pilot program of unified control services on a
specific route.
○ Step 2: Unified control services for transport aircraft on
national routes.
○ Step 3: National unified air traffic control.
● 1994: Marking the beginning of the reform with the
establishment of the Air Traffic Management Bureau within
CAAC.
● Separation of air traffic management functions (control,
navigation information, communication, meteorology) to form a
more independent civil aviation traffic management system.
●

The 3rd Reform of China's Air Traffic Control System, which began in 2002 , was
the complete separation of government and enterprises, the separation of government
and capital, and the restructuring of the industry.
• Three-Level Management Structure:
• General Administration of Air Traffic
Control Bureau
• Regional Air Traffic Control Bureau
• Air Traffic Control Bureau (station)
• Separation of Political Affairs and
Integration of Operations:
• Improved Efficiency
• Enhanced Safety

2.2 Basic requirements for air traffic control Tasks
● Planning and Preparation: ATCs meticulously plan and
prepare for each flight, ensuring all necessary support and
organization are in place.
● Collision Prevention: ATCs work proactively and meticulously
to prevent aircraft collisions in the air and on the ground,
ensuring the safety of all passengers and crew.
● Air Traffic Flow Management: ATCs actively cooperate and
coordinate with various entities to manage air traffic flow
efficiently and effectively.
● Flight Safety Expertise: ATCs possess a high level of
proficiency and can provide pilots with crucial information,
guidance, and suggestions to maintain flight safety.
● Navigation and Distress Support: ATCs ensure timely
provision of navigation equipment and critical information to
aircraft in distress situations.
●

3 Review Questions
1.What three parts does air traffic
management consist of?
2. What are the three parts of air
traffic services? What is the main task
of each part?

谢谢
Thank you

1.Air Traffic Management and Control (空中交通管理和管制)

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