Types of Discourse 1. Narration – is the act or process of narrating or telling a story. It involves action, characters, and a theme. Narration can be incident , anecdote, historical account , autobiography, biography or a novel. Example: A narrative account of a student’s near death experience; a fictive story about an encounter with supernatural being. 2. Description – uses sensory writing with rich and vivid details that appeal to man’s five senses – sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell. Figures of Speech are often used to enhance the sensory experience of the readers. It involves careful selection and arrangement of details and accurate word usage. Example: A student’s description of his ideal teacher; a writer’s description of a locale he has recently visited; a descriptive article on a festive celebration of a town’s patron saint. 3. Exposition or expository writing – provides information about one or more topics. It informs, explains, expounds and interprets. Expository writing includes exemplification or classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect and problem-solution. Example: A research paper on the causes and effects of global warming, an article on child labor and child abuse. 4. Persuasive discourse or argumentation – persuades readers through proofs of the writer’s views. Example: An essay expounding on the retention or cancellation /cessation of the Visiting Forces Agreement; a commercial and advertisement (print ad) endorsing a student’s “manufactured” product. A conversation involves a number of participants, at least two, who express their individual thoughts and emotions through spoken words. For them to understand, one another and to ensure a smooth flow of conversation, the spoken words must have connectedness. The change in topic is simply marked by transitional words. In the same manner, transitional devices are used to show the relationship or connection between ideas in sentences and paragraphs A written text as a connected discourse is a cohesive and organized piece of writing in which ideas flow logically and smoothly from one point to another. It is characterized by a deliberate and thoughtful arrangement of sentences and paragraphs, creating a unified and coherent structure. Several elements contribute to the connectedness of a written discourse. One of the elements is the use of TRANSITION WORDS. The use of appropriate transition words facilitates the smooth transition between sentences and paragraphs. These words signal relationships between ideas, helping readers follow the author's train of thought. Here is a list of common transitional words and the categories to which they belong. 1. To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) 2. To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, b

3. A__________ is a system of
communication that uses symbols,
such as words and gestures, to
convey meaning. It is a complex
and structured code that enables
humans to express thoughts, ideas,
emotions, and information. It can
exist in various forms, including
spoken, written, or signed.
language

4. Motivation
Let’s Warm Up.
SING-ALONG
1. Inform the class that they will all
together sing the song
‘The Man who can’t be Moved’
2. Let them sing it as you flash the lyrics of
the song.

5. MOTIVATION

6. THE MAN WHO CAN’T BE MOVED.
Let them answer the following questions after
1. Where and when did the action happen?
(setting)
2. Who is the persona?(character)
3. What are the actions done by the persona? How
did he do it?
4. What is the reason behind the action?(actions)

7. The song "The Man Who Can't Be Moved" is performed by The Script.
1. The action in the song is set in a city, specifically on a street corner. The lyrics mention that the persona is
standing on the corner of the street.
2. The persona in the song is a man who seems to be heartbroken or longing for someone. He is determined
to wait for someone on a street corner, refusing to move from that spot.
Actions and How:
3. The persona is standing on the corner of the street with a sign that says, "If you see this girl, can you tell
her where I am?" He is essentially waiting for someone who may have left him or is not present. The lyrics
suggest that he's there every day, and he's committed to staying in that spot until the person he's waiting for
comes back.
4. The reason behind the persona's action is heartbreak and the hope of reuniting with someone he deeply
cares about. The lyrics imply that he is willing to wait indefinitely for the person to return and is using the
street corner as a symbolic location where they may find each other again.
The song captures the emotions of love, loss, and the persistence of waiting for someone special. The
persona's action of standing still on a street corner becomes a poignant metaphor for the enduring nature of
his feelings.