Gramatica bachillerato ingles

1. IES NICOLAS SALMERON – INGLÉS – 2º DE BACHILLERATO
http://www.practicaingles.es/exercises-and-theory/selectividad/ (Download advanced VOCABULARY)
CONNECTORS
 FIRST PARAGRAPH: At first sight: A primera vista / First: En primer lugar / First of all: Antes que nada / In
the first place: En primer lugar / To start with: Para empezar
 SECOND PARAGRAPH: In the second place: En segundo lugar/ Second: Segundo / Secondly: En
segundo lugar/ Third: Tercero / Thirdly: En tercer lugar
 CONCLUSION: Finally: Por último / In conclusion: Para concluir / Lastly: Por último / And eventually: Y
finalmente
 ADDING INFORMATION: apart from: Aparte de / in addition: Además / in addition to: Además de / What
is more: Además; lo que es más / moreover: Además / on top of that: Además / besides: Además / On
the one hand: Por una parte / On the other hand: Por otra parte / and eventually: Y finalmente
 CONTRAST: all the same: a pesar de todo / however: sin embargo / instead of: en vez de / in spite of /
despite: a pesar de / nevertheless: no obstante / on the contrary: por el contrario/ whereas/while: mientras
/ though / although: aunque /
 REASON: because of + noun: a causa de / due to + noun: debido a due to the fact that +
sentence: debido a que for this / that reason: por esta / esa razón / owing to + noun: debido a
owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que
 RESULT: as a result: como resultado / because of: a causa de / consequently: en consecuencia
so: por lo tanto / that's why: por eso, por esa razón.../ therefore: por lo tanto
 EXPRESSING FACTS: actually: en realidad / as a matter of fact: de hecho / in fact: de hecho / really: en
realidad
 EXPRESSING PERSONAL OPINION: as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí respecta /
from my point of view desde mi punto de vista / I agree estoy de acuerdo / I disagree no estoy de acuerdo
in my opinion en mi opinión / in my view según lo veo / I think that creo que / it is true that es verdad que
personally personalmente / to be honest para ser honesto /to tell the truth a decir verdad
 EXPLAIN: that is (to say): es decir / in other words: en otras palabras / in short: en resumen / above
all: sobre todo / all in all: en general / at least: al menos / basically: básicamente, fundamentalmente
especially: especialmente, sobre todo / essentially: esencialmente / in general: en general /
in particular: en particular / more or less: más o menos / on the whole: en general / to a certain
extent: hasta cierto punto
 EXEMPLIFYING: and so on: etcetera / for example: por ejemplo / for instance: por ejemplo /
such as:tal(es)como
 SUMMARIZING: all in all: en suma / in brief: en resumen / in conclusion: Para concluir / in short: en
resumen / on the whole: en general / to sum up: Para resumir
 SEQUENCING: after that: después de eso / all of a sudden: de repente / Finally: Finalmente / First of
all: En primer lugar / in the end: al final / In the meantime: mientras tanto / meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego / suddenly: de repente / then: entonces, después / while: mientras
ADJECTIVES
 PEOPLE CHARACTER: IMPATIENT /GENEROUS/ PATIENT/ ENVIOUS /CAREFUL/ MEAN/CARELESS/ JEALOUS/
CHARMING/ ARROGANT /CHARMLESS /INNOCENT/ GLAD /GUILTY /HAPPY/ SOCIABLE/ CHEERFUL/ UNSOCIABLE
ANGRY/IMAGINATIVE/ UPSET/ UNIMAGINATIVE/ ANNOYED /TIDY/ RUDE/ UNTIDY/ IMPOLITE EDUCATED/
POLITE/ WISE/ WELL BEHAVED/ CLEVER/ SHY/ INTELLIGENT/ CONFIDENT/ BRIGHT/CALM/ SENSIBLE/
NERVOUS/ SANE/ TENSE/ INSANE/ RELAXED/ FOOLISH/ FUSSY /SILLY / TIRED/ STUPID/ LIVELY/
DUMB/QUIET/CRAZY/ TALKATIVE /MAD/ NOISY/ AMBITIOUS/ ADVENTUROUS/ UNAMBITIOUS CAUTIOUS/ LAZY
/OPTIMISTIC /HARDWORKING /PESSIMISTIC / SELFISH/ UNSELFISH/ CRUEL/ VIOLENT/ NICE/ KIND/
UNKIND/ TENDER/ SERIOUS/ PROUD/ FAITHFUL/ SENSITIVE/ SINCERE/ HONEST/ RELIABLE
 PEOPLE APPEARANCE: TALL /SHORT/ FAT/ WELL-BUILT/ THIN/ SLIM/ ELEGANT/ GOOD LOOKING/ BEAUTIFUL/
HADSOME/ PRETTY/ LOVELY/ UGLY/ ATTRACTIVE/ UNATTRACTIVE/ UNTIDY-LOOKING/ WAVY HAIR /STRAIGHT
HAIR/ CURLY HAIR/ BLONDE HAIR/ FAIR HAIR/ DARK HAIR/ RED HAIRED/ GINGER HAIR /BALD/ROUND-
FACED/ THIN-FACED/ DARK-SKINNED/ PALE/ HEALTHY/ SICK/ ILL/ CONSTIPATED/ PREGNANT/ DEAF/
BLIND/ WEAK/ INJURED/ WOUNDED/ BRUISED
 FOOD AND DRINK: SWEET/ BITTER/ SOUR/ HOT/ SPICY/ MILD/ SALTY/ TASTY/ GREASY/ RAW/ OVER-COOKED/
COOKED/ FRIED/ BOILED/ BAKED/ GRILLED/ BURNT/ SOFT DRINK/ HARD DRINK/ HUNGRY FULL/ DRUNK /
STARVING
 WEATHER: SUNNY/ CLOUDY/ WINDY/ STORMY/ RAINY/ FOGGY/ MISTY/ SNOWY/ DAMP/ WET/ DRY /CLEAR/
BRIGHT/ LOVELY/ NASTY/ FREEZING/ CHILLY/ COLD/ COOL/ MILD/ WARM/ HOT
 TIME: UP TODAY/ OUT OF DATE/ EARLY/ LATE/ LAST/ PUNCTUAL/ DELAYED/ PERMANENT/ INTERRUPTED/
URGENT/ FREQUENT/ STEAD
 MATERIAL: GOLDEN/ SILVER/ IRON/ WOODEN/ HARD/ SMOOTH/ ROUGHT/ SHARP/ BLUNT/ HEAVY/ LIGHT/
SOLID/ HOLLOW/ PURE/ USEFUL/ USELESS/ EXPENSIVE/ CHEAP/ USED/ NEW
 DISTANCES / DIMENSIONS: LONG/ SHORT/ WIDE/ NARROW/ DEEP/ SHALLOW/ LOW/ HIGH/ FAR/ NEAR/ HUGE/
LARGE/ BIG/ GREAT/ TINY/ SMALL/ OPPOSITE/ SIMILAR/ RIGHT/ LEFT/ TOP/ UPPER/ OUTTER/ INNER/
FEW/ HALF
 OTHERS: SLOW/ FAST/ RAPID/ QUICKLY/ BUSY/ FREE/ CROWDED/ FULL/ EMPTY/ FILTHY/ DIRTY/ CLEAN/
LUCKY/ UNLUCKY/ DANGEROUS/ SAFE/ POWEFUL/ POWERLESS/ SILENT/ LOUD/ BROKEN/ LOST/ WONDERFUL/
EXCITING/ EXCITED/ INTERESTING/ INTERESTED/ AMAZING/ AMAZED/ SURPRISING/ SURPRISED/
ASTONISHING/ ASTONISHED/ EASY/ DIFFICULT/ FINE/ FAIR

2. HOW TO MAKE A GOOD WRITING (ESSAY)
INTRODUCTION: It’s the first paragraph. You have to write a short introduction showing general ideas
about the topic you have to develop.
BODY: We can write one or two paragraphs where we must develop our ideas. We have to follow an
order (before, now). It must be chronologically acceptable.
CONCLUSION: It’s the last paragraph. The end of your composition. Here you may set your opinion,
reactions or feelings about the topic.
COMPOSITION
CONNECTORS
LINKERS
COMPARATIVES
SUPERLATIVES
CONDITIONALS PASSIVE
RELATIVES
TEMPORAL
EXPRESSIONS
AND
ADVERBS
REPORTED SPEECH
USED TO
DIDN’T USE
TO
*INFERIORIDAD (not as…..as/ less…tan)
* IGUALDAD (as….. as)
* SUPERIORIDAD
- Adjetivos cortos ( -er …. Than)
- Adjetivos largos (the most + than)
* IREEGULARES /GOOD- BETTER- THE
BEST / BAD-WORSE-THE WORST / FAR –
FURTHER- THE FURTHEST….
1º TIPO
[IF+PRESENTE SIMPLE]+[FUTURO SIMPLE]
2º TIPO
[IF + PASADO SIMPLE]+[CONDICIONAL SIMPLE]
3º TIPO
[IF+ PASADO PERFECTO] + [CONDICIONAL PERF]
PASOS PARA HACER UNA ORACIÓN PASIVA
1º LA PRIMERA PALABRA DESPUES DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL DE LA
ORACIÓN ACTIVA SE CONVIERTE EN EL SUJETO DE LA PASIVA.
2ºESCRIBIMOS EL VERBO TO BE EN EL MISMO TIEMPO VERBAL QUE EL
VERBO PRINCIPAL DE LA ORACIÓN ACTIVA
3ºEL VERBO PRINCIPAL DE LA ORACION ACTIVA SE CONVIERTE EN
PARTICIPIO DE LA PASIVA.
4º EL SUJETO DE LA ORACIÓN ACTIVA SE CONVIERTE EN
COMPLEMENTO AGENTE EN LA PASIVA, INTRODUCIDO POR LA
PREPOSICIÓN –BY.
WHO  PARA PERSONAS
WHICH ANIMALES/COSAS
THAT  PERSONAS / ANIMALES/COSAS
WHEN/WHERE/WHOSE/WHY/WHAT
DEFINING  THIS IS THE GIRL WHO WON THE PRIZE
NON – DEF. THE GIRL, WHO WON THE PRIZE, IS MY SISTER
STATEMENTS  SHE TOLD ME THAT SHE HAD ARRIVED THE
DAY BEFORE
IMPERATIVES  HE TOLD ME TO STUDY MORE / HE TOLD ME
NOT TO GO HOME
QUESTIONSHE ASKED IF I HAD SEEN HIM THE NIGHT BEFORE
/ HE ASKED WHERE THE TRAIN STATION WAS.
TODAY, YESTERDAY,
LAST WEEK/MONTH…
USUALLY, ALWAYS…