Head and Eye Protection Program Essentials

Your Partners in Safety
Eye Protection Program
Essentials Webinar

3M Eyewear, Head and Face Protection Products

3
Agenda
 Introductions
 Chris Dujovski -- Product Marketer – Head, Eye & Face
 Safety Eyewear Hazards & Hazard Analysis
 Safety Eyewear Selection & Styles – Face Protection Options
 Q & A ??

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3M Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division
3M 2010. All Rights Reserved.
Occupational Eye Hazards- Section 1
 Not Wearing Eye Protection
Nearly three out of five workers injured were not wearing eye
protection at the time of the accident.
 Wearing the Wrong Kind of Protection For the Job
About 40% of the injured workers were wearing some form of eye
protection when the accident occurred. However these workers were
most likely wearing protective eyeglasses with no side shields.
Source: 1993 OSHA Fact Sheet No. 93-03.
What Contributes to Eye Injuries at Work?
A 1980 survey by the Labor’s Department’s Bureau of Labor
statistics of about 1,000 minor eye injuries revealed how and why
many on the job accidents occur.

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Eye Hazard Training – Module 1
Objectives
The purpose of this training is to:
 Help you identify the types of tasks that may require the use of
protective eyewear. (Section 1)
 Help you understand how the eye reacts to light. (Section 2)
 Provide a brief overview of the light spectrum and potential
occupational hazards. (Section 3)
You will be required to go through each topic to complete this
module.

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Occupational Eye Hazards
Flying Particles
• Almost 70% of accidents resulted from flying or falling
objects or sparks striking the eye.
• Injured workers estimated that nearly three-fifths of the
objects were smaller than a pinhead.
• Contact with chemicals caused one-fifth of the injuries.
What Causes Eye Injuries?
Source: 1993 OSHA Fact Sheet No. 93-03.

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 Eye and face protection must be selected on the basis of
potential hazards to which the worker may be exposed.
How is Proper Eye and Face Protection Selected?

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 A first critical step in developing a comprehensive safety and health
program is to identify potential physical and health hazards in the
workplace. This process is known as a "hazard assessment." A
properly conducted hazard assessment identifies routine and non-
routine activities and tasks which have increased risk of exposure to
eye and face hazards, among other types of hazards.
Hazard Assessment

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 The hazard assessment is the responsibility of the employer’s
health and safety administrator.
 In the United States, the Occupational Health and Safety
Administration (OSHA) Personal Protective Equipment Standard
1910.132(d)(1) specifies employer and employee
obligations to help reduce the risk of exposure to hazards.
Hazard Assessment

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A hazard assessment specific to eye and face hazards should begin
with a walk-through survey of the facility to develop a list of potential
eye and face hazards such as:
• Impact- Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles, etc.
• Dust- Nuisance dust
• Chemical -Splash and irritating mists
• Optical Radiation - Glare
• Optical Radiation - Welding, cutting, torch brazing
• Heat -Hot sparks, splash from molten metal
• General Lighting - Fluorescent /incandescent, low light
• Special Applications - Inspection, repair, detail work
Hazard Assessment (Eye Hazard Specific)

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Impact
Common Related Applications
Tasks that may present impact hazards to the eyes and face of
workers:
 Chipping
 Drilling
 Grinding
 Riveting
 Crushing

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Dust
Tasks that may present dust hazards to the eyes and face
of workers:
 Woodworking
 Buffing
 Grinding
 General dusty conditions

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Chemical
Tasks that may present chemical hazards to the eyes
and face of workers:
 Acid and chemical handling
 Degreasing
 Plating
 Pouring
 Spraying

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Optical Radiation (Glare)
 Working outdoors in bright sun
 Driving
Tasks that may present optical radiation (glare) hazards
to the eyes and face of workers:

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Optical Radiation (Welding)
 Electric arc welding
 Gas welding
 Torch brazing
 Torch soldering
 Cutting
Tasks that may present optical radiation (welding) hazards to the
eyes and face of workers:

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Occupational Eye Hazards - Heat
Common Related Applications/Tasks
 Furnace operations
 Pouring
 Casting
 Hot dipping
 Gas cutting and welding
End of Topic

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400-700nm
Visible light range
700nm-1mm
Infrared
400 nm
Ultraviolet
Light Spectrum and Occupational Hazards
 Ultraviolet (UV) Less than 400 nanometers (nm)
 Visible 400 nm to 700 nanometers
 Infrared (IR) Higher than 700 nanometers
Wavelengths UV to IR

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 Ultraviolet rays have shorter wavelengths and more energy than
visible light rays and can cause acute harmful effects or chronic
harmful effects, depending on the wavelength, energy level, and
duration of exposure.
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)

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 UVA- (320 - 400 nm)
UVA rays are absorbed by the lens of your eye. Extended exposure
to UVA rays can lead to the formation of cataracts.
 UVB - (290 - 320 nm)
UVB is a physically painful form of ultraviolet radiation. Exposure to
UVB can temporarily damage the cornea. This band of radiation
causes cancer and burning of the eye and has been linked to
damage of the lens inside the eye.
 UVC- (200 - 290 nm)
UVC emitted from the sun is absorbed by the atmospheric ozone
layer and never reaches your eyes.
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)

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 The sun is our primary natural source of UV radiation.
Ultraviolet Radiation – Natural Sources

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 Arc welding
 Electrical arcing
 Arc furnaces
 Ultraviolet lamps
 Lasers (Excimer)
 Certain adhesive, ink and paint curing lamps
 Tanning beds
Ultraviolet Radiation- Artificial Sources
UV radiation can also be generated from artificial sources including:

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Ultraviolet Radiation-Eyewear Protection
 A polycarbonate lens is capable of filtering 99.9% UV.
 UV inhibitors are often added to the base polycarbonate material
from which safety lenses are made.

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 Visible light waves are the only electromagnetic waves we can
see. We see these waves as the colors of the rainbow. Each
color has a different wavelength. Red has the longest
wavelength and violet has the shortest wavelength.
 When all the waves are seen together, they make white light.
Visible Light
Visible Spectrum of Light
LongShort

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 When white light shines through a prism, the white light is
broken apart into the colors of the visible light spectrum.
Visible Light
White Light

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 Visible light has a band from 400 nm to 700 nm.
Visible Light
Visible Light Range

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 Overexposure to visible light can cause eye strain and headaches.
Visible Light

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• Sunlight
• Spot lights
• Flood lights
• Flash lamps
• High temperature furnaces
• Visible Wavelength Lasers (e.g. Argon and Ruby)
Visible Light
 Typical Sources of Visible Radiation Include:

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Visible Light
 Certain gray, light blue, tan, bronze, mirror, and indoor outdoor
mirror lenses are effective in helping to reducing glare from the
sun and certain bright lights.
 Lighting conditions in the work environment and the need for
filtering of specific visible light wavelengths can dictate vision
enhancement and glare reduction requirements.

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 The infrared light spectrum is medium to long wavelengths of
light located in the upper middle to upper portion of the optical
spectrum.
Infrared Radiation (IR)
Infrared Light Range

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 Typical industrial sources of infrared include:
• Open furnaces
• Molten metal operations
• Heat lamps
• Quartz lamps,
• Electric arc welding
• Gas welding
Infrared Radiation

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 Exposure to infrared light can heat the lens of the eye and
produce cataracts over a long period of time.
Infrared Radiation

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© 3M 2010. All Rights Reserved.
Selecting Eye and Face Protection
 Non-prescription safety spectacles
 Prescription safety spectacles
 Goggles
 Faceshields
 Welding helmets
 Full facepiece and loose fitting respirators
Safety Eye and Face Protection Can Include the
Following:

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 Safety eyewear is intended to help shield the wearer's eyes from
potential impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large
chips, and particles.
 Employees who wear prescription lenses while engaged in
operations that involve exposure to potential eye hazards should
wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design,
or wear safety glasses or goggles that fit over the prescription
glasses.

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Non-Prescription Safety Spectacles– Many Options!

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 Lenses are offered in different tints and colors for a variety of
reasons, including reduction of Ultraviolet (UV) or Infrared
(IR) exposure, vision enhancement, glare reduction or style
preference.
 Understanding lens tints is critical in matching the appropriate
safety eyewear with the environment.
 It is the employer’s responsibility to conduct a workplace
hazard assessment and provide personal protective
equipment that protects against the potential hazards
identified.
Why is lens color an important consideration?

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 A yellow tint on a lens helps make objects appear sharper
against a blue or green background.
 An amber lens can block the blue portion of the visible light
spectrum, creating maximum contrast enhancement, particularly
in low light.
 Yellow tints are good for overcast, hazy or foggy conditions.
Yellow and Amber Lenses

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 Developed for semiconductor fabrication, photolithography
and similar industries where there is medium to high levels of
yellow incandescent/fluorescent lamps, or high and low
pressure sodium vapor lighting.
 Can be useful as a general glare reducer in certain work
environments where there is strong glare from bright lighting.
Light Blue Lens

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 For certain outdoor applications where light and glare can cause
eye strain and fatigue.
 A gray tint can help provide protection from glare and can help
keep distortion of colors to a minimum.
Gray Lens

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 A clear lens with a slight mirror coating, it can serve the same
purpose as a gray lens, yet allow more visible light through the lens
for certain indoor/outdoor uses.
 Can help reduce glare from certain artificial light sources.
 Not as dark as a normal sunglass lens and is typically used in
applications where the workers must pass between indoor and
outdoor duties or where a normal sunglass lens is too dark.
Indoor/Outdoor Lens

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 Use the bronze/brown lens for certain outdoor applications where
sunlight and glare may cause eye strain and fatigue.
 The bronze/brown tints work well in many variable light
conditions and can provide good contrast because they filter
some blue light, although not as strongly as a yellow tint.
Bronze/Brown Lens

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 A mirror lens can be used outdoors where sunlight and glare may
cause eye strain and fatigue. Mirror coating reflect certain light,
reducing the amount of light that passes through the lens.
Mirror Lens

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 The 3M TM MinimIzeR is a reduced IR lens designed specifically
for work around certain shielded welding operations or under
welding helmets.
 This lens can help protect against some infrared radiation and
“flash burn”, a common and damaging hazard that can occur
when workers are exposed to welding arcs.
 Not designed to be worn as primary eye protection in welding,
cutting, torch brazing, or torch soldering.
3M TM MinimIzeR TM (Reduced IR Lens)

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 When a photochromic lens is exposed to outdoor ultraviolet
light, the lens automatically darkens for added protection
against bright light.
 The photochromic lens is useful for certain utility work,
landscaping, and construction.
Photochromic Lens

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 The photochromic lens should not be used in situations which
require quickly moving back and forth from one “light
environment” to another (such as fork lift drivers going from
inside to outside).
 Not for driving.
Photochromic Lens

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 Can be used outdoors to help protect from excessive glare that
can cause eye strain and fatigue.
 Polarized lenses can help reduce the reflected glare which is most
noticeable on water, snow, concrete and asphalt surfaces.
 Polarized lenses contain a special filter that blocks certain
reflected light, thereby reducing glare.
.
Polarized Lens

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 The Green/I.R. Shade lens may be appropriate in certain
applications where there is heat, such as metal making, furnace
work, trash incineration and open flames.
Green/I.R. Shade Lens

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 A clear lens can provide maximum visual acuity and color
recognition.
 A clear polycarbonate lens is capable of filtering out 99.9%
UV light.
Clear Lens

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Section 2
Eye and Face Protection Options

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Eye and Face Protection Options-Section 2
 Designed to fit over many different styles of personal prescription
eyewear.
Spectacles OTG (Over the Glass)

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 Can provide magnification for reading or precision work,
while providing protection against certain impacts.
 Available in diopters +1.5, +2.0 and +2.5
Bifocals
Safety Spectacles for Special Applications

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 Safety eyewear with LED (light-emitting diodes), can provide
task lighting while providing protection against certain impacts.
Safety Spectacles for Special Applications

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 Polycarbonate
• Stronger and more impact resistant than glass or plastic
• Lightweight
 Cast Resin (e.g., CR-39®*)
• Mainly used in safety prescription spectacles
 Safety Glass
• Some prescription eyewear products
• Special purpose lenses
• More scratch resistant than polycarbonate and plastic
• Heavier and less impact-resistant than plastic
*CR-39® is a registered trademark of PPG industries
Lens Materials

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 Softness properties of polycarbonate typically require that a
scratch-resistant coating be applied to the lens by the
manufacturer to improve durability.
 Other coatings, such as anti-fog, can be applied to a lens to
improve performance in harsh environments. Anti-fog coatings
are generally not permanent and will erode after repeated
cleanings.
 Proper care and cleaning of an anti-fog lens, following the
manufacturer’s recommendations, can help maintain coating
performance.
Lens Coatings

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Hard Coat (H/C)
 A hard coat can help provide scratch resistance to a polycarbonate,
lens which typically scratches very easily without such protection.
Anti-Fog (A/F)
 An anti-fog coating is ideal for workers in many extremely hot, cold
or humid conditions.
3M ™DX™ Anti-Fog Hard Coat
 DX™ is a combination anti-fog, and hard coat that helps provide
abrasion resistance and helps to prevent fogging.
Lens Coatings

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Fitting of Safety Spectacles
 The closer the eyewear fits to the face, the less chance of an object
getting in around the edge of the eyewear and striking the eye.
 The nosepiece should not slide down the face due to sweat or
moisture.
 Temples should fit comfortably over the ears.

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Fitting of Safety Spectacles
Many protective eyewear products offer adjustable features and
soft materials in points of contact in order to improve fit and
comfort to accommodate different face sizes and shapes.
Pantoscopic lens adjustment (3 positions)
Adjustable temple length
Adjustable Nose Piece

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 Direct vent goggles can help to provide protection against dust
and particulates.
 They should not be used where a chance of chemical splash can
occur.
Goggles
Direct Vent

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 Indirect vent goggles can help provide protection against
certain airborne particulates and chemical splash.
 The vents are designed to allow for adequate ventilation, yet
help protect the wearer from liquids entering the eye area.
Goggles
Indirect Vent

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Non–Vented
 Non Vented goggles can offer better protection against certain
liquids and dusts then vented goggles.
Goggles

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 Extend from the brow to below the chin and across the width
of the face and are used to help protect the eye and face
against certain impact, chemical, heat and glare hazards.
Faceshields

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 Faceshields are available in many different materials, shapes,
sizes, thicknesses and filters (colors).
 Use caution when selecting a faceshield, all faceshields are not
alike and extreme caution must be exercised in their selection to
ensure that the hazardous light is being reduced or eliminated.
Faceshield Options

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 The shape and size of the window needs to be selected to
provide adequate coverage of the face while allowing free
movement of the head.
 A window that is too large may cause restricted head movement
while a window that is too small may expose the face, side of
head, chin or ears to the hazard.
Faceshield Options

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 Common faceshield materials are polycarbonate, acetate,
propionate and PETG. (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
Polycarbonate
 For use in certain applications with high impact and liquid
splash hazards.
 PETG, Propionate and Acetate
For use in certain applications with basic impact and liquid
splash hazards.
Faceshields

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Mesh
 For use where increased air circulation is desirable along with face
protection (example: forestry and hot environments).
 Metal mesh faceshields are designed to help protect the wearer
from heat sources when there is no risk from molten metal or liquid
splash.
Faceshields

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Faceshields
Dark and Medium Green Tint
 Faceshields with a green tint are used to help to provide
protection from glare.

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 Reflective coated faceshields are available with an aluminized
or gold coating on the outside surface.
 Reflective coatings are designed to help protect the wearer
from high heat sources by reflecting the heat away from the
wearer’s face.
Faceshields- Reflective Coatings

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 Eye and face protection should be inspected prior to each use.
 Check the frame and lenses to make sure that there are no
cracks or missing parts.
 Immediately replace the eyewear if any cracks or missing parts
are identified.
 Immediately replace lenses and faceshields that are scratched or
pitted, or otherwise replace entire device.
 For shaded or coated lenses, replace lenses or faceshields if the
shade has faded or the coating loses its intended properties.
Maintenance

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 Eye and face protection should be periodically
cleaned, especially if visibly soiled.
 Care must be taken when the lenses or windows have
special coatings, such as anti-fog, as the coatings may be
negatively affected with some cleaning agents.
 Most eye and face protection can be cleaned with water
and mild detergent.
 Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning.
Lens Cleaning

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Total Eyewear Solutions (prescription and non-prescription)
Consulting / Specialization
Fitting of both prescription and
non-prescription safety eyewear
Supply chain excellence
for prescription and non-prescription
Complete Product Line
(frames, lenses, accessories)
Science of Fit +
Advanced Coatings
Wash and
Cleaning Stations
A complete offering to be the Industrial Safety Eyewear Leader

Chris Dujovski
Head, Eye & Face Protection
3M Personal Safety Division
Office: 651 736 4608
Mobile: 734 341 4848
cjdujovski@mmm.com
2060 North Kolmar Avenue • Chicago, IL 60639
Call Toll-Free: 800.444.8030 • Fax: 773.384.6677
mail@magidglove.com • www.magidglove.com

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