Slides of the course on big data by Clement Levallois from EMLYON Business School. For business students. Check the online video connected with these slides. -> The principles of open data explained in a business context: the 5 stars of open linked data, the 8 principles of open gov data, and examples of good and bad initiatives in open data.

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Big data & cross-platform analytics
MOOC lectures Pr. Clement Levallois

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Open data for business

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Preliminary distinctions to be made
(1) Recognized as a creation of the mind?
This piece of data in my organization
(2) Recognized as personal data
Neither (1) nor (2)
Intellectual property rights apply
Personal data protection applies
Open data is possible
TOPIC FOR TODAY
(3) In all cases: concern for cyber security applies

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Open data = public data?
•At the origins and still today, debate on « open data » is focusing on giving back public data to the people
•Instead of being confiscated in data silos by public administrations

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Example 1: zip codes in the UK
•Public information, funded by public money
•Yet, not publicly available, and expensive to get
•See: « Give us back our crown jewels » (2006)
•“A local authority such as Swindon has to pay the Ordnance Survey £38,000 a year to use its addresses and geographical data. It also has to pay the Royal Mail £3,000 for every website that includes the facility for people to look up their postcodes.
Yet it was local authorities, which have a statutory duty to collect street addresses, that collected much of this data.”
•Take away: innovation is stifled by closed public data

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Example 2: scientific research
•Scientists, paid on tax dollars, produce knowledge which is free and useful to fellow scientists, citizens, patients, etc.
•Yet, their results are published in journals owned by private editors, and which have a very high subscription price, paid by public universities. The general public can’t access them – except if they want to pay $20 / $40, per research article.
•There is a growing movement for « open access » to scientific research: publicly funded research should be publicly available!
•Take away: innovation is stifled by closed public data

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Open data: beyond public data
•It expands the user base of the data
•It makes the user base more diverse
•It accelerates usage of the data
•It broadens use cases
Take away: any dataset – not just public datasets issued by govs – can be made more productive if they are opened up.

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4 benefits for organisations
1.Crowd sourced innovation
–Ex: TweetDesk was built on top of Twitter APIs, then bought back by Twitter
–http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/23/twitter-buys-tweetdeck-for-40-million/
2.Develop brand awareness and positive brand attitude
–Open data = good buzz. Example: Metro Transit Authority
–“Our apps are whiz kid certified” http://observer.com/2010/12/mta-proudest-of-the-apps-it-didnt-make/
3.Contribution to corporate social responsibility (CSR)
–JC Decaux and the bike-sharing program in Paris: from closed data to open data, with no visible profit motive
–https://developer.jcdecaux.com/#/home
–Still a good entry point in the world of digital urban signs for JC Decaux?
4.Increased and measurable impact on targeted audience
–The World Bank developed APIs which strengthens and objectifies their outreach
–http://data.worldbank.org/node/9

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When is data “open”? 8 principles for “open gov data”, inspiring for open data in general
1. Complete All public data is made available. Public data is data that is not subject to valid privacy, security or privilege limitations
2. Primary
Data is as collected at the source, with the highest possible level of granularity, not in aggregate or modified forms.
3. Timely
Data is made available as quickly as necessary to preserve the value of the data.
4. Accessible
Data is available to the widest range of users for the widest range of purposes.
5. Machine processable
Data is reasonably structured to allow automated processing.
6. Non-discriminatory
Data is available to anyone, with no requirement of registration.
7. Non-proprietary
Data is available in a format over which no entity has exclusive control.
8. License-free
Data is not subject to any copyright, patent, trademark or trade secret regulation. Reasonable privacy, security and privilege restrictions may be allowed.
Source:
www.opengovdata.gov

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Open data: the 5 stars scale
★
make your stuff available on the web (whatever format)
★★
make it available as structured data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★
non-proprietary format (e.g. csv instead of excel)
★★★★
use URLs to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff
★★★★ ★
link your data to other people’s data to provide context
I’d add a ★ if the data is made available through APIs instead of files to download, just after the 3rd ★

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Dos and Don’ts
•Play the game, don’t fake it
–Adverse reactions when companies have timid initiatives in open data
–Example: French Postal service in 2014
–http://openstreetmap.fr/blogs/cquest/opendata-la-poste-posture-ou-imposture [in French]
•Treat your developers well
–Crowd sourced innovation ≠ free labor
–When organizing hackathons: do it professionally.

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This slide presentation is part of a course offered by EMLYON Business School (www.em-lyon.com)
Contact Clement Levallois (levallois [at] em-lyon.com) for more information.