Treatment Of Safe Injection Sites

Treatment Of Safe Injection Sites
Throughout Canada, many individuals unsafely use illicit substances that may result in disease or
even death. The government has established safe injection sites in order to prevent addicts from
spreading HIV or AIDS and even overdosing. The first safe injection site to be established was built
in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, Canada. At first, the site was operated under a waiver from
the federal government that allowed the clinic to provide its services to drug abusers as part of a
research project (Drucker, 2006). Now, based on the research collected, it is apparent that there are
both positive and negatives that have risen from the formation of safe injection sites. Canadian
society also has both concerns and gratitude from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clearly, safe injection sites are categorized as a type of harm reduction for drug users that ultimately
engage in risky lifestyles. Due to the growing number of drug–related deaths and the failure of
prohibition of drug use, activists believed that it was up to them to establish alternate measures of
safety for illegal drug use (MacDonald, 2011). Safe injection sites were established to provide
people who inject drugs with a clean injection environment, sterile injections, and with clean drug
preparation tools such as cookers and water (Semaan et al, 2011). Safe injection sites also allow
access for drug addicts to use the available health care and have medical supervision while taking
the illegal substance (Lavoie, 2015). According to Semaan et al, the overall aim of safe injection
sites is to "reduce public injection and the risk of infection with HIV, hepatitis C virus, injection–
related bacterial infections, and drug overdose morality" (2011). According to Macdonald, in 2009
there were approximately 92 safe injection sites across the world, most of these safe injection sites
operated in European cities (2011). Within Europe safe injection sites were part of local social
services, compared to this, Canada's safe injection sites are research–based experiments that must
operate under specific laws or by exemption status from criminal prohibition (MacDonald, 2011). It
is then obvious that in
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Railroad Site: A Site Analysis
Our research site is a local area that is also an abandoned railroad location. Underneath all of the
trees, and various grass and weed species, there are plenty of railroad tracks on the ground. The area
is currently uninhabited by humans, however, there are many animal species that live there. There
are rats, bees, and birds (pigeons) that call this place their home. This site is a large piece of land
that is divided into 2 unequal pieces. One proposed development for this site is to transform it into a
public park. It would take about 20 years for the development to be completed. However, this could
cause a great disturbance, or great improvement to the parameters (interactions, ecosystem services,
air quality, water quality, biodiversity, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The site would have an increase in human interaction with the environment. There would also be a
decrease in biodiversity. Plants would be removed and animals like birds, bees and rats would be
pushed out of their homes. Air quality wouldn't improve either. Surrounding areas and traits of the
site would continuously contribute to air pollution. In my opinion, I believe that the site should be
turned into a public park. Not only would it make the community more appealing, but it would also
put some use to the abandoned piece of land. In final analysis, this proposed development would
have some positive and negative affects on this

Safe Injection Site in Vancouver Eastside Essay
The Effect of Safe Injection Sites in Vancouver, British Columbia A safe injection site (SIS) has
been placed in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside where drug use is a challenging problem. The
program is a vital piece of the cities known harm reduction approach to its serious problems with
homelessness, drugs, crime and AIDS. Canada has drastically shifted its method. Going from
punishing drug users to establishing the plan of harm reduction. Since 2003 when the supervised SIS
opened, it has presented a safe health–focused center where drug users have access to inject illegal
drugs using sterile equipment in a clean environment under the supervision of medically trained
professionals. Although there are some serious concerns about the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Results of safe injection site studies have shown that an expansion may have a greater impact. This
may reduce the chance of dangerous encounters between users of these safe injection sites and the
public. Children not even out of elementary school, were getting involved in the drug scene. These
runaways were a concern to the residents, who witnessed overdoses in the past decade. Over 2,000
lives were lost due to the Downtowns East side's "drug–fuelled spiral" (MacQueen et al., 2003).
Persisting the safe injection site can help in lowering risk behaviors by the drug users of SIS's and
community concerns that are related to public injection of drugs (McKnight et al,. 2007). Overall,
SIS's may have the ability to change the drug users and transform them into potential productive
members of society.
Effect of Insite on Future Generations
It is suggested that since Insite was created, it has been sending the wrong message to the youth of
Vancouver stating that injection drug use is acceptable and has support. This approach is unlikely
and naïve. There is evidence shown that the total number of drug users in cities with SIS's has
decreased. The introduction of SISs is being understood as that drug use is right. Rather than it is
limited, self–contained, and is a responsible harm reduction facility that responds to urgent health
risks. "Harm reduction is defined as an ideology viewing drug use as

A Safe Injection Site Is Essential For Esquimalt And Victoria
In 2015, Victoria, BC saw an increase in drug overdoses throughout the city including one death
occurring in Esquimalt (Times Colonist, 2015). Drug–related overdose fatalities are preventable if
the population has access to services that would minimize the risk of an overdose. Through the
assessment of the community of Esquimalt, I am proposing that there is a need to establish a safe
injection site to prevent accidental overdoses, as well as provide social services for detoxification
and rehabilitation programs. It is necessary to note that Victoria and Esquimalt are not differentiated
when studies are done. Therefore, the extrapolation of accurate drug use statistics for Esquimalt is
not available. For the purpose of this paper, Victoria ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, drug–related deaths have occurred in this community. Therefore, a safe injection site is a
priority for Esquimalt. Moreover, safe injection sites have been proven to save taxpayer's dollars.
According to Kerr and Woods (2009), an individual who uses intravenous drugs has an increased
risk of contracting HIV. The lifetime cost of HIV per person is approximately $150,000. However,
with proper intervention to decrease HIV rates, the healthcare system saves $130,000. This injection
site I am proposing would be modeled after the InSite program in Vancouver. Pinkerton (2011)
reports that this program has saved taxpayers $1.9 million a year in HIV and overdose–related
health costs. Therefore, a program like this in the community would be beneficial because it will
ensure the marginalized members of the community are receiving care, but also decrease spending
on future health care costs related to disease and overdose.
Drug Addiction in Esquimalt While doing research on this community, it became apparent that the
public has access to many different social services that have helped the residents achieve wellness
(Abra et al., 2016), including Edgewood Health Network, a rehabilitation centre for addictions and
mental health. However, there is no support for people who are currently active drug users or have
relapsed (Edgewood Health Network, n.d). Studies have shown that relapsed users have an
increased risk of

Sites Of Memory
Remembering a Memory: a Discussion on Sites of Memory from 1968
Some historians still consider 1968 as one of the most tumultuous and convulsive years in American
history since World War II. The Tet offensive was implemented in response to the Vietnam War,
countercultural groups were reaching their peaks, and both presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy
and civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. were assassinated. Sites that honor the memories of
1968 were given numerous forms in order to preserve the year in the way those present remembered
it. Each form of preservation has some physical build. Some sites include a raised fist to symbolize
the Black Panther Party's uprising, the Fair Housing Act that represents the government's stance ...
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When forgotten and then remembered, the memory requires some form of restabilization such that
the new information can re–incorporate itself with existing memory. Processual memory can be used
in this context as well as when given new information or experience, a person's association with an
existing memory can change. No two memories are the same, which is why even the recirculation of
memory can become corrupt over time and differ from the truth in relation to a process also known
as "Rememory" as seen in Toni Morrison's Beloved. The act of memory preservation is impossible
as over enough time the memory will be muddled and the true context of the event will be forgotten.
It is a process that we are unaware of until explicitly focused on because when people remember
something that was once forgotten and the original memory is re–written it consolidates the image
of that memory as the original. For example, if someone was remembering himself or herself as the
star of a child play it could be a reformatted version of a memory of the play that was less than
stellar. The idea of memory consolidation is to form coherent memory that people convince
themselves to be true even if not recognized as the whole truth by reconstructing past

Why Do Accidents Still Occur On Modern Day Construction...
CL438 – Project Planning Project Proposal Mark Watson – 201139924 "Why do accidents still
occur on modern day construction sites?" Contents Section 1 – Introduction 3 Overview 3
Hypothesis 4 Aim and Objectives 4 Section 2 – Literature Review 5 Health and Safety at Work Act
1974 5 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 7 Construction (Design and
Management) Regulations 2007 8 Section 3 – Research Methodology 9 References 10 Appendix 1 –
List of Figures and Tables 12 Appendix 2 – Plan of Works 13 Section 1 – Introduction Overview
The main point of this project is to find out the reason why accidents are still happening on
construction in relation to Construction (Design and Management) [CDM] regulations. These
Regulations originally came in to place in 1994 and then were heavily revised in 2007 when the
regulations were brought together with the Construction (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations
1996. The purpose of this review is to both further understand the CDM Regulations and investigate
why accidents in construction are still occurring by looking at the following possibilities: Are the
Regulations being understood? Are the Regulations being followed? Are the Regulations being
enforced? Are workers taking responsibility for their actions? This project will focus on Glasgow
based construction projects purely due time constraints and practicality issues and looking at the
regulations for contractors. . According to HSE (2013)

On-Site Childcare
BODY
The approach to the research on the topic of on–site childcare benefit bases its results on scientific
findings. Using scholarly articles what were peer reviewed, and analyzing the findings of experts
within the field, while comparing the situation at our two locations. In addition, we solicited the
input of the workers with the formation of focus group comprising of members of both staffs from
the Rockville and the main campus. This group represented all levels and categories of staff. The
aim of the focus group is to communicate with their category of workers and articulate their
concerns as it relates to the establishment of an on–site childcare service. The report also utilized
documents, such as workers time clock records, to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on the findings from experts and our own independent research, it is the finding of this report
that the provision of on–site childcare service as an additional benefit to workers who qualifies
would reduce the high level of absenteeism, tardiness, and the resulting low productivity level.
Companies that sponsor childcare program believe that their contribution significantly helps
increase recruiting potential, morale, productivity, and quality. This report recommends:
The provision of on–site childcare service to our Rockville and Main Campus within 1year
Offering childcare subsidies for those who cannot use the facility
Offering flexible work schedule to reduce the level of absenteeism and tardiness
The provision of designated lactation rooms for breastfeeding

Black Site Torture Is An Ongoing Injustice
Black–Site Torture Imagine suddenly waking up to find yourself in a small cell, handcuffed and
chained to the wall by your ankle. The only thing in your room is a hard mattress and a bucket. A
continuous white noise is blared over the speakers. Night and day no longer exists, only the
florescent bulb that never goes out. The only people you ever see are the masked guards that drag
you off for interrogation. Imagine that goes on for nineteen months. Difficult to picture, right? That's
how it was for Mohamed Bashmilah. Black–site torture is an ongoing injustice in which innocent
people are subjected to unimaginable torture. Many people have been illegally abducted by the
government for the smallest of reasons. Reasons that can be as simple ... Show more content on
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A chunk of which, of course, included Black–Site abductions and torture. As if this wasn't enough to
prove the use of illegal interrogation methods, former president Bush admitted the existence of the
fabled black–site locations. Attempting to reconcile his mistake, he attempted to assure the public
that no illegal methods of questioning are used. If it was all perfectly legal, why lie in the first
place? The only reason to lie would be admitting to these accusations would result in violating the
Geneva Conventions. The Geneva Conventions are an agreement, signed in 1864, that strictly
prohibits the use of inhuman tactics to extract information. Violating such an act would, without a
doubt, invoke the wrath of the United Nations. Still, with the governments continued denial, people
have come forward giving their first–hand account of their illegal abduction. One of the brave
survivors was Mr. Mohamed Farag Bashmilah. In 2003 Mr. Bashmilah flew from Indonesia to
Jordan to visit his sick mother. Upon arrival in Amman Jordan, Mohamed's passport was seized. The
officials questioned his passport, not believing that he had gotten it replaced. He was told to visit the
Jordanian GID, or General Intelligence Department. Upon revealing he had visited Afghanistan
three years ago, the Jordanian intelligence department placed him under arrest. For the next four
nights and five days, he was tortured by

EPA’s Policy of Superfund Sites Redevelopment into...
EPA's Policy of Superfund Sites Redevelopment into Recreational Facilities: The Success of
Chisman Creek
Introduction
Superfund sites are located all across the United States and its territories. These sites have been
deemed the worst of the worst in terms of environmental damage; they pose a threat to human health
and the environment, prior to their remediation. Superfund sites are usually a result of several years
of contamination; however, there are some instances when they are one–time accidents. United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in charge of Superfund, which is the common
term for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and
the enforcement of this law in the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each site goes through several steps when it is listed on the National Priority List (NPL), which
helps to determine the contamination and its extent.
Each of these steps includes an element of site characterization and the potential for future use.
These steps include: Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection (PA/SI) which investigates the site
conditions, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) which determines the nature and extent
of the contamination, Record of Decision (ROD) which explains the cleanup technologies that will
be used at the site, Remedial Design/Remedial Action (RD/RA) which is the final step in
preparation for the implementation of site remedies, and then post cleanup activities, such as the
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) which is conducted for many years after the site is remediated
to ensure that the remedy remains effective. (EPA 2000)
Following these steps helps ensure that all sites get remediated to levels that will protect people and
the environment. Within each of these steps there are indications of what the site's future use could
entail. When the site is under consideration for redevelopment into a recreational facility, there are
several factors that EPA pays close attention. One of the most important is containment, if there is
going to be contaminants left on–site, are the proposed technologies for

The Arab Civil War And The Destruction Of Ancient Objects...
Since the early twenty–first century and even before, museums in the Middle East have had to learn
to cope with conflict. Syria is the best example of a country with many cultural heritage sites and
museums that are in danger due to conflict. The onset of the Syrian Civil War and the destruction of
ancient objects and cultural heritage sites by ISIS have been the most recent manifestation of this.
As a result of the Syrian Civil War and ISIS takeover, sites like Palmyra and the Aleppo historic city
center have been heavily damaged ("The Race to Save Syria 's Archaeological Treasures." 2016).
Palmyra has stood for thousands of years, as prominent commercial site in ancient times and as a
symbol Syrian cultural identity in recent times. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ISIS's motivations revolve around looting and smuggling of ancient artifacts for funding (al–Frieh
2016), religious cleansing for the 'restoration of true Islam,' a chance to make news headlines
worldwide to spread fear and intimidation of local populations (Swicord 2016). The dangers of war
have driven away many people who could protect these cultural heritage sites and the objects within
them, and now they are helpless in the face of destruction in conflict and being smuggled for profit.
Palmyra was a victim of this when ISIS captured the city in May of 2015 and controlled it for about
one year. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with remains nearly 2000 years old ("ISIL
captures strategic Syrian city of Palmyra." 2015). During its occupation, the city faced several kinds
of destruction at the hands of its captors. The city had already been damaged from the fighting and
shelling that resulted in its capture. The city's Temple of Ba'al was severely damaged by mortar fire.
ISIS also carried out many deliberate acts of violence against the objects and architecture. In the
months following their victory, ISIS militants destroyed the Temple of Ba'al's primary building and
other structures, like the nearby Temple of Baalshamin and the decorative arches built by the
Romans in the second century CE. They destroyed and defaced these larger like architecture and
sculptures with explosives and jackhammers ("The Race to Save Syria 's

Insite : A Supervised Injection Site
Insite, a supervised injection site, that first came about in 2003 to provide community members with
safe and sterile products and a better place for the injection of drugs (Insite Supervised Injection,
Home section, 2011, para. 1). After almost a decade, the issue still continues whether Insite should
exist or close down? According to many sources, there is no clear cut on whether Insite decreases
the death rate or actually increases the usage of drugs. There are so many things that could be argued
about and both sides seem easily agreeable. However, personally speaking, I believe that Insite
should be allowed and further expanded throughout Canada. Insite provides an opportunity for the
community members with a safe place of injection, counseling services, and lastly decreases the
spread diseases and infections. Furthermore, Insite should be expanded and government should not
be allowed to decide whether this service should continue or not.
Insite provides the community members with a safe place to inject their drug. They provide people
with injection equipment's such as syringes, cookers, filters, water, etc (Insite Supervised Injection,
Services section, 2011, para. 3). At the site, there are many trained nurses to help facilitate the
process of injection into the patient. "More than 400 overdoses have occurred at the facility, but
nobody has ever died there from one" (Geddes, 2010, para. 7). With that being said, over 1,200
people died between 1990 and 200 because of

Responsibility of Parties Involved in Establish Safety at...
Responsibility of Parties Involved In Establish Safety at Construction Site
Abstract
The research paper is conducted to give awareness to all parties involved in construction industry
and to identify the common hazards at site. In construction industry, accidents are likely to occur
due to human error, hazards of the surrounding environment, and failure to comply with safety
instructions. Generally, safety aspects should be the main priority at constructions site to minimize
the accidents. The data were collected using questionnaire that distribute to Selangor and Kuala
Lumpur area only. So, further research need to be conducted at other states in order to get more
details and precise data.
Keywords: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, hazards issues are also cannot be neglected by construction players because it will also
much contributed to the accidents. They should be properly identify and highlight the type of
hazards so actions can be taken to minimize hazards at construction site.
Objectives
1. To investigate the level of awareness of construction parties on the safety regulations outlined by
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2. To identify the key players
responsible for the safety aspects on site. 3. To identify the common hazards that may cause
accidents on site.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of awareness of construction parties regarding OSHA's safety regulations on
site?
2. Who should be responsible for the safety on site?
3. What are the common hazards on site?
Literature Review
The construction industry is currently being recognized as a major economic force in Malaysia. It is
also one of the most hazardous industries. Construction comprises of very small percentage of the

overall workforce. Yet, the incidence rate for non–fatal injuries and illnesses exceeds that of many
other industries. According to the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) report in 2000, the fatality
rate in the construction industry in Malaysia was of more than 3 times of all workplaces. In

Site Analysis : Clearing The Site
CONTENTS PAGE
 SITEWORKS
Site Analysis ........................................................................................ 1
Clearing the site .................................................................................. 1
Levelling methods .............................................................................. 2
Stockpiling spoil .................................................................................. 2
Trenching ............................................................................................. 2
 THE GROUND FLOOR SLAB
Damp proof courses ............................................................................ 2
Termite Protection .............................................................................. 2
Set Down ............................................................................................... 3  FRAMING AND
OPENINGS
Walls ...................................................................................................... 4
Roof Framing ........................................................................................ 5
Openings and lintels ............................................................................ 5
 FIRST FIX TRADES
Plumbing .............................................................................................. 6
Electrical ............................................................................................... 6
Gas supply ............................................................................................ 7
Storage .................................................................................................. 7
Water purification ............................................................................... 7
 LININGS AND CLADDING
Internal linings ...................................................................................... 8
External cladding .................................................................................. 8
 SECOND FIX TRADES
Doors ..................................................................................................... 9
Windows ................................................................................................9
Tiling .....................................................................................................10
Skirting .................................................................................................10
Joinery ..................................................................................................10

 FINISHES
Plastering .............................................................................................11
Painting ................................................................................................11
Paving ...................................................................................................11
 REFERANCE PAGE ......................................................................................12

Picking Your Site Topic : Selecting A Site
Picking your site topic You may already have some idea of what you want to create a site about. If
you are in this position because you already have some desire to announce something to the world,
or specialist knowledge in a particular field, this is a great starting point. Alternatively, you might
not have any idea at all. This does not need to be a problem, because coming up with ideas for a site
is not difficult. With almost any idea that you could come up with, there are people searching the
internet for information about it, so every idea is valid. Whether you have an idea now or you pick
one up by following the research strategy that I am about to recommend, there are a couple of things
that you have to do. First, I have suggested that no matter what kind of idea you come up with, there
are people searching for information online. However, you need to know that there are enough
people searching for the information that you are thinking of providing to enable you to make the
kind of money that you want to make. Second, you need to establish whether or not people are
willing to spend money in the market sector where you are considering building a site, because there
are plenty of market sectors where there is no money being spent. If there is no money being spent,
then it makes it more difficult for you to earn an income (although not impossible). To start at the
beginning, just look up from where you are sitting right now and look around you. Almost
everything you see

Evaluation Of The Cross Site Scripting Attacks
A vast array of techniques is implemented to counter the cross site scripting attacks (XSS) that only
seems to increase in number and complexity day by day. However, all the prevention practices to
avert the XSS attacks can be classified based upon the place it is deployed. Validation checks can be
setup at server–side, client–side or at both end points.
1. Server Side Validation: Before any data is passed to the server or the database, it needs to be
systematically checked and validated to reduce any ambiguity, duplication and inconsistent data.
Over the years, a number of testing tools have been used in the web development industry along
with white–box weakness scanners to detect any incoming XSS attacks in the real world. (V. ...
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The modified architecture to screen the attacks would intercept all HTML and Scripts the use of this
application proxy. Large volumes of testing data sets collected over time together with the use of
modified testing and scanning techniques enables the developers to build the robust systems that is
able to scan attacks generated and written in Hypertext Preprocessor PHP and other script capable of
generating complex dynamic HTML attacks.
Furthermore, server side validation can be further boosted by the input validation techniques and are
capable of preventing XSS attacks. Bisht, Venkatakrishanan (2008) proposed several techniques to
identify the HTML inputs as an XSS scripts as well as examined various causes a filtering and
validation mechanism fail to identify incoming XSS attacks. A new framework was also proposed
that is capable of identifying and blocking attacks coming in various forms. Called XSS Guard,
they" works by dynamically learning the set of scripts that a web application intends to create for
any HTML request." Ponnavaikk , et al., (2008)
Another popular approach to perform server side dynamic XSS identification and prevention
technique is the use of Pearl's taint mode. Sharp, Scott (2002). In this technique, any suspicious
variable is traced and tracked during its life time in the program. Any malicious value is marked if it
is found that its origin is deemed suspicious or is from

My Favorite Archaeological Site In Japan
Japan is a country well known for the preservation of cultural places. In such a small country, there
are many historical sites open for visitation, and museums built for history that they could not
conserve. While there are many attractions in Japan for tourists, the most popular are sites with a lot
of Japanese culture. As an aspiring archaeologist, I would absolutely spend most my time in Japan,
should I ever get to go, touring the most popular historical locations. My favorite archaeological site
in Japan is the Tomb of Emperor Nintoku. There are many reasons why I felt this site was the most
intriguing, but the main reason was the extraordinary size of the tomb. It is about 486 meters long,
about 307 meters wide, and 35.8 meters high. Supposing 2,000 people worked on it every day, it is
estimated that it took about 16 years to build. The Tomb of Emperor Nintoku is one of the three
largest tombs in the world, the other two being the Tomb of Qin Shi Huang in China and the
pyramid of King Khufu in Egypt. Emperor Nintoku's tomb is also fascinating because the inside has
not been excavated, so there is no guarantee that this tomb is in fact where Emperor Nintoku was
buried. Emperor Nintoku was the most powerful person in Japan at the time that the tomb was being
built, so it is a safe assumption that the tomb was built for him. His actual burial site has not been
confirmed, as is the norm for tombs in Japan, as they are protected by the government from looters
and foreign

Pompeii Site Analysis
Tourism can be one of the most destructive forces facing archaeological sites and their conservators.
Tourists can cause damage by disregarding signs prohibiting touching or littering. Parts of sites may
need to be manipulated or even destroyed to allow for visitor access. Striking a balance between
allowing the public to interact with a site and preserving it is very difficult. Some sites, like Bet
She'an in Israel, give tourists the freedom to touch monuments and even climb onto them to give the
visitors authentic experiences, despite the damage it causes. Others, like Pompeii in Italy, keep
tourists within certain bounds to protect the sites. This paper examines the advantages and
disadvantages of replicating archaeological sites as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have had to battle issues like tourists' lack of sensitivity to conservation issues, such as the
damage caused by visitors sitting or leaning on delicate masonry and marble, a threat to
conservation. Visitors have even been caught splashing water onto mosaics to 'freshen them up' for
pictures. Additionally, the general movement of tourists causes the gradual wearing down of the
roads and pavements. Tourists also might take chips of stone from the site, as well as accidentally
brush against the walls and frescoes, further increasing their rate of deterioration (Wallace 2013). In
studies to understand the tourism of the site, it was discovered that many of these tourists' damaging
actions were not done maliciously, but out of a desire to experience the site. However, the open
nature of Pompeii for tourists is also a leading cause in vandalism, graffiti and theft. Some of the
vandalism involves scratching one's name into a wall and also stems from a desire to 'experience' the
site and tie it to one's self, but that does not make it any less unacceptable. Steps have been taken to
restrict tourists to conserve parts of the site. The governing body for Pompeii has begun issuing new
tickets that allow for tourists to visit cities such as Herculaneum and Stabiae, to reduce the pressure
on Pompeii. Additionally, there are cautioning signs, roped off areas and closed buildings, but the
site continues to suffer from the impulses of its visitors (Wallace

Site Analysis
Significance
High–performance, sustainable/green buildings have become a trend and are gradually entering the
mainstream as an important market sector in the United States and globally. Construction of a
sustainable building typically begins with the selection of a suitable site. A building's location and
orientation on a site impact not only a wide range of environmental factors but also security and
accessibility factors. The Site Assessment pilot credit for site sustainability measure promotes
understanding of the character of the site and the physical, biological, and cultural links between the
site and the surrounding landscape. Performing an inventory of the site maximizes the
environmental efficiency of design and provides an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These maps are available through US Geological Survey, but in case of a precise assessment, a
licensed surveyor in accordance with specifications tailored to the construction could be required.
The topography influences aspects of the site, such as the microclimate, distribution of plant and
animal species, water movement, and storm water management practices. The goal of this section of
the LEED rating system is to promote options for minimizing disturbance and skillfully
incorporating the existing topography into the design.
2. Hydrology – LEED rates this point based on flood hazard areas, delineated wetlands, lakes,
streams, shorelines, rainwater collection and reuse opportunities, and TR–55 initial water storage
capacity of the site. Change of land use may sometimes result in a negative impact on water quality.
Contamination may occur from any of the construction side effects, such erosion and sedimentation,
chemicals, or microorganisms. Any site–disturbing activities can increase the risks of flooding,
erosion, and other ecological impacts to properties. Hence all such components and risks are
considered under the hydrology part of the site assessment report.
3. Climate – LEED evaluates climate under site assessment report on credentials such as solar
exposure, heat island effect potential, seasonal sun angles, prevailing winds, monthly precipitation,
and temperature ranges.
This part requires

The Problem Of Safe Injection Sites
There are many ways in which people who are addicted to intravenous drugs are perceived by our
society. People sometimes believe the addicted person is to blame for their circumstance and
substance dependence and some feel serious drug addicts are a "lost cause" due to a lack of values
or flawed character. "Persons who struggle with addictions often are depicted as criminals or
prostitutes, weak, lazy and morally corrupt" (Bartlett, R., Brown, L., Shattell, M., Wright, T.,
Lewallen, L. (2013). These stereotypes paint people with addiction negatively; a percentage of
people who live with serious addiction are capable of recovery with the right attitude, support and
healthcare. Street level healthcare services such as; safe injection sites, provide accessable resources
at street level for people to make the choice to live healthier lifestyles. Govement funding and
support is needed to make these projects possible to improve the health of Canadians. Safe injection
sites are proven to be positive contributions to communities, save lives, reduce harm and open doors
towards recovery for people from the grip of addiction.
The ethical implications of the Canadian government funding and supporting these projects,
considering current drug laws and policies, are questioned by some. People believe that the
government should not participate in enabling drug use (Globe & Mail, (2011) and that zero
tolerance approaches should be taken. In opposition to zero tollerance attitudes some

What it Takes for a Site to be Inscribe on the UNESCO...
The process required for a site to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List is long and
complicated. It has four main steps, each of which are a process in themselves: placement on a
tentative list, submission of a nomination file, evaluation by an Advisory Body, and a final decision
by the World Heritage Committee. The entire process usually takes about a year and a half, but can
vary depending of the time taken for each step (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). In order to submit
sites to the World Heritage List, a country must first sign the World Heritage Convention, thereby
committing to protecting their natural and culture heritage. After that, the State Party, in Ireland's
case, the Department of Arts, Heritage and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The State Party should include both a management history of and a history of the culture
surrounding the site in order to help establish its authenticity, integrity, and how it fits the selection
criteria. The definitions of 'authenticity' and 'integrity' that UNESCO uses are in the Nara Document
on Authenticity (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). The State Party can demonstrate the authenticity
and integrity by listing and defending any and all works completed on the site, whether for
conservation, restoration, or adaptation (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). This history of works is
important, because if a site has been reconstructed so many times that barely an of the original
survives, the site may no longer have authenticity. The history of the site itself and the surrounding
culture is also important, because it helps to demonstrate the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of
the site, as well as how it might fit the criteria as a unique or exceptional example of cultural
traditions, civilizations living or dead, or any of the other ten criteria. The nomination file also has to
contain a management plan to insure the OUV, authenticity, and integrity of the site are maintained
for future generations. The management plan can be one of the most difficult aspects of the
nomination file, because it requires so much cooperation between all of the owners of the site,
stakeholders in the

Safe Injection Sites : A Controversial Issue
Safe injection sites are a controversial issue in Canada, and have been for a long time. As society
grows more and more comfortable with the idea of legalizing certain drugs, the attitude towards
these safe injection sites changes. This change affects laws, politics, and society in general and is a
legal and moral issue. Insite, the first safe injection site in North America, opened in 2003 in
Vancouver, British Columbia to a mass of controversy that induced legislative, legal, and moral
change worthy of observation and investigation. This paper will first introduce the concept of safe
injection sites as well as an explanation of the harm principle in which these sites operate under,
then introduce Insite, the first safe injection site opened in North America, along with appropriate
statistical evidence that proves its effectiveness, followed by the issues brought up by opponents of
these sites will be discussed as well as the landmark Supreme Court case that allowed for their
continued existence, and finally an overview of the current legislation that threatens it.
Safe injection sites are places where chronic users of drugs such as morphine, cocaine, and heroin
can go to inject drugs in a safe and sanitary environment. The site itself does not supply the drugs,
but offers addiction and mental health treatment, first aid in case of overdose or injury, and sanitary
means to inject drugs safely. These sites apply what is known as the harm reduction model. In her

Ptc Sites : What Are PTC Sites?
What are PTC sites?
PTC locations are called as Compensated to just click places which will pay cash for evaluation
special offers in program. It is a uncomplicated process to obtain cash on the internet without
rumours in your house.
An effective strategy that spending a great many people far and wide. There are such many of PTC–
destinations out there in the market however Online House Earnings choices you just few authentic
places which are confirmed spending for us since 2013.
How does Compensated to just click websites work?
PTC locations goes about as providers between the sponsor's and people.
Online marketers or vendors needs action to their blog to advance their product or companies. So
they look for activity from these paid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This causes issues in immediate financial institution shops and payments by way of check.
In this way, in the case that you need to end up clearly an individual from PTC locations, you should
need to sign up a list with Transaction Processer chips. Be a part of one history with PayPal and
another history with Payza.
Installment processors are an company that works globally to process payments crosswise over
various countries on the globe. You can send and get cash from any one in any piece of the world.
These Compensated to pictures locations will pay you by way of these sequel processors and from
them your gained cash will be deposited into your close by financial balance.
When will I get my payment?
PTC locations normally pay their people once they obtained basics restrict confidence. For
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Red pictures will pay you once you came to $2 in your history.
When you obtained least payment restrict set in the consumer consideration dash panel, you need to
make a demand for sequel manage. Generally you will get paid in 1 – 2 working days.
What are the necessities to join?
Each internet company needs a set up to perform. Like the same ptc locations additionally have a
few specifications before enlistment and those

The Nomination Process For A Site
The nomination process for a site to be considered on the World Heritage List is comprised of five
steps, which include the tentative list, nomination file, advisory bodies, World Heritage Committee,
and criteria for selection. The tentative list is where a country makes an inventory of all cultural and
natural heritages within the site 's boundaries. This tentative list may be submitted for inscription for
the next five to ten years, and can be updated at any time. This step needs to take place before the
World Heritage Committee can consider a site for inscription on the World Heritage. The
nomination file includes all necessary documentation and maps of the site. This nomination can then
be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review. Once complete the file can then be sent to the
appropriate Advisory Bodies for evaluation. There are two Advisory Bodies. Both of which evaluate
a site that is being nominated, and include the International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN). These committees provide evaluations on a
site. There is a third Advisory Body known as the International Centre for the Study of the
Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). This last group provides expert
advice as to the conservation of cultural sites, along with training activities. The World Heritage
Committee will then make a final decision on whether a site will receive an inscription. This
committee meets once a

The Battle over Safe Injection Sites
Insite: The Battle over Supervised Injection Sites
In the 1990's there was an epidemic of HIV outbreaks in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.
Injection drug users were found to be the leading cause of this, and a public health emergency was
declared (Fafard, 2012). The "mortality and morbidity" resulting from this increasing injection drug
use became a major political issue. This resulted in the adoption of harm reduction by the
government as one of their four pillars of their drug strategy (Fafard, 2012). Harm reduction "is a set
of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use"
(Boyd, 2013). In September 2003 Insite, North Americas first harm reduction supervised injection
site, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was also no increase of users relapsing into injection drug use, nor did it negatively influence
those seeking to stop drug use (Kerr et al., 2006). The research shows that Insite has not promoted
increased illicit drug injection, but rather it has attracted individuals with histories of injection drug
use.
Another claim put forth by the Conservatives is that SISs are harmful to communities. They believe
SISs create public nuisances, and threaten public safety (Broadhead, Kerr & Alice, 2002).
Research on the other hand argues that SISs can address issues related to public. Since Insite opened
the public has noticed less public injections, less syringe droppage, and less complaints about drug
user nuisances (Potier et al., 2014). It also cleans up public environment such as streets and
alleyways. Drug use is still an illicit activity and it takes place in unsterile environments such as
behind dumpsters and shooting galleries. SISs provide sterile environments for users and are a lot
safer than shooting up in the streets. This leads to less public injection and a better community
environment (Potier et al., 2014). Local police data was also evaluated and there has been no
increase in crime, violence, or drug trafficking around Insite. There were no significant statistical
changes in rates of drug trafficking. There were 124 incidents in the year before and 116 incidents
after. There were 147

The Geological Impact of Nuclear Testing at the Nevada...
The Geological Impact of Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Test Site
The Nevada Test Site is an area designated by the United States Government for Nuclear Weapons
testing. It is located in rural southern Nevada and is about the size of the State of Rhode Island. This
location was founded in 1952 as one of 5 on land sites designated for this task. Above ground
nuclear or atmospheric testing was conducted at the Nevada Test Site until 1958. There was a break
in testing until the United States decided to begin underground testing in 1962. There were a total of
828 nuclear tests performed underground during these years. In 1963 a limited Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty was signed by the United States that limited above ground tests world wide. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are both arid environments which makes it easier to reduce the amount of water runoff. The
Nevada Test Site is built on top of a chain of several volcanic and seismically active locations. Even
with these potentially dangerous conditions the Atomic Energy Commission gave it the go ahead in
1952.
During the years of above ground or atmospheric testing 119 tests were conducted. The majority of
these tests were conducted using helium balloons, and tethered systems. There were also a few
crater tests conducted during this time, these were conducted by submerging a small nuclear weapon
just below the ground surface. When testing resumed in 1962 the majority of tests were conducted
deep underground, although a few crater tests were still conducted, atmosphere testing was banned
in 1963. Since then all of the testing was performed underground though this purposed different
risks of nuclear contamination it was still found to be over all safer then the above ground testing.
Many tests were conducted to tests response times for hazmat teams, and other resources for the
cleaning up and reconstruction if such an attack were to take place. These tests were also the cause
of much seismic activity, as well as, social unrest in the area. (Eckel, 1968)
The entrance to the Nevada Test Site still has cyclone–fence pens to hold protesters who used to
assemble at the gate and get arrested. Military police,

Applying A Cellular Tower On The Proposed Site
sole authority to grant or deny the special use permit to allow them to construct a cellular tower on
the proposed site. The Board of County Commissioners, sitting as the Zoning Board of Appeals, has
the authority to approve the zoning variance. The zoning variance will be presented to the Board in
December if the special use permit is approved. Ms. Wallingford–Ingo stated a notion was made in
the recommendation section of staff's review. She stated there is a process that requires a
telecommunications carrier to co–locate on other towers before applying for a new special use
permit for a tower. A telecommunications tower cannot be built in excess of the maximum height
limitation imposed within a specific zone. As a matter of clarification, Mr. Powell has indicated that
they have placed this tower where the County directed them to do so. She had several conversations
over the duration of three to four months with one of Mr. Powell's colleagues relative to the location
of the proposed tower and staff's concerns relative to the placement of such. When the applicant
submitted the special use permit application, the zoning maps indicated the proposed site was in the
A–2 Zone District. Upon review of the application, it was determined that the zone district line on
the digital map, which are not the official zoning maps, was A–3. This is when the height limitation
came into effect. The initial analysis of the placement of the facility was based on a zone district

Safe Injection Sites Essay
Safe injection sites are medically supervised and legally sanctioned facilities that provide a clean
and safe environment for illicit drug users when consuming drugs, mostly intravenous drugs. Safe
injection sites have been a controversial topic in Canada for over fifteen years. Currently there is
only one safe injection site in Canada located in Vancouver and there are various requests to open
safe injection sites in other Canadian cities. The main opposition comes from the Canadian Federal
Government due to possible conflicts with international laws. There are several first world nations
that have opened safe injection sites and have been very successful for harm reduction of both, drug
users and the general community. In Vancouver, studies have ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The safe injection site in Vancouver, called InSite, has been in operation since 2003. The setup of
this facility was possible due to an exemption to Canada's drug laws and treaties permitted by the
then Liberal government (Hooper, Knight, & Quinn, 2010). Dooling and Rachlis indicate that in
2008 Harper's Conservative government advised that such exemptions would lapse, forcing the
closure of InSite (as cited in Hooper et al., 2010). InSite remains open after a "British Columbia
Supreme Court Judge found that sections of the controlled drugs and substances act were
inconsistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" (Hooper et al., 2010, p. 3); this
required the Canadian Federal government to adjust the criminal code accordingly, allowing InSite
to remain in operation. Dooling and Rachlis indicate that the Federal government has appealled this
decision multiple times (as cited in Hooper et al.,

The Brentwood Library Site : The Jarman Farm Site
The Brentwood Library Site, also known as the Jarman Farm Site, is located in Williamson County,
just west of the Little Harpeth River, at 8109 Concord Road Brentwood, Tennessee. The coordinates
are 35°59′45.06″N, 86°47′23.60″W. It is about 215 miles from the University of Memphis and it
takes approximately three hours to get there. The easiest way to get from the University of Memphis
to the Brentwood Library Site is to take Sam Cooper Boulevard to I–40 East, continue on I–40 for
165 miles, take exit 176 and merge onto Highway 840 East, take exit thirty one toward Nashville
and in 1.6 miles merge onto I–65 N, then take exit 71 for Concord Road toward Brentwood and
continue for 0.6 miles until you reach the Library Site. This Site is now home to the Brentwood
Public Library. The site was first explored by F.W. Putnam in 1882. Putnam, born Frederic Ward
Putnam, was an anthropologist from Massachusetts (Tozzer). He studied zoology at Harvard, and
then became a curator for the Peabody Museum at Harvard. He also helped develop the
anthropology department at the American Museum of Natural History. He also organized
archaeological excavations in several states. In 1877 the Peabody Museum financed a series of
excavations throughout Middle Tennessee; however the Brentwood Library Site was not one of
them. Putnam actually found out about the area after the owner of the land, Dr. W.H. Jarman, shared
the discovery one of his field–hands made while plowing with the editor of a

The Threats of Cross-Site Request Forgery and Cross-Site...
One click; that is all it takes for hackers to steal the information they desire. As the Internet
continues to grow with new web applications, associated security threats also grow. Two of the most
common, and dangerous, threats to web applications are Cross–Site Request Forgery (CSRF) and
Cross–Site Scripting (CSS); in fact, both threats appear in the 2013 OWASP Top 10 list of critical
security risks. Understanding the threat of CSRF and CSS is essential to reducing the risk faced by
users and developers of web applications.
CSRF
Cross–Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack technique that exploits browser and HTTP
weaknesses to send unauthorized requests to a web server using end–user credentials (Maes,
Heyman, Desmet, & Joosen, 2009). Often, as a convenience, web applications will store end–user
information in cookies managed by a browser; when a web application finds this data in the
browser, it is assumed to be coming from a trusted source (Maes, et al., 2009). This trust, however,
is the main exploit of a CSRF attack. Once a hacker gets access to an end–user browser, any web
application storing credentials in the browser becomes vulnerable to attack (Maes, et al., 2009). This
access is typically gained through URL manipulation or injecting hidden form fields into a web page
using Cross–Site Scripting.
CSS
Another attack exploiting trust is Cross–Site Scripting (CSS). CSS works by adding malicious
HTML, JavaScript, or other client–side scripts to a web application

Site Analysis: The Gray Site
The Gray Site is a Middle Plains Archaic period burial ground located in southwestern
Saskatchewan, just north of Swift Current. This burial ground is assumed to have been used solely
by the Oxbow Culture Complex for approximately one thousand years. This site was used strictly as
a burial ground site, with no evidence of habitation anywhere near, a trait defining of Oxbow. It is
one of few prehistoric burial grounds on the Northern Plains, where approximately 98 burial units
were excavated and 305 individuals were recovered. It is estimated that only approximately 60% of
graves at the Gray Site were excavated during the summer excavations taking place from 1969
through 1974, with an estimated 500 burial units in total at the site (Millar, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A variety of animals were used in the subsistence strategy, including but not limited to: Bison, deer,
elk, pronghorn antelope, various canids, marten, goose, frog, and clams (Buchner 1981, Millar 1981,
Cole 2015). The Plains Bison was the primary food source for the Oxbow group, leading them to
follow the seasonal round of the bison to some extent, especially at more southern sites. This said,
no major bison kill sites associated with Oxbow have been found, only small scale kills, which gives
rise to many questions, such as: did this group know how to run a large scale kill site? did they use
different technologies? or were there not enough mammals to run a larger kill?, all of which are
rather hard to answer given only the archaeological record. This nomadic hunting and gathering
subsistence strategy also encouraged foraging for certain flora based foods, especially in times
where bison were not able to be procured. Oxbow tools and associated artifacts reflect this
subsistence strategy based lifestyle, with endscrapers, bifaces, bifacially worked flakes, and bone
tools abundant in the record at this time–depth. Many of these aforementioned artifacts are found as
grave goods in several of the burials at the Gray Site (Buchner 1981, Gibson

Needle Exchange Programs, Safe Injection Sites And Address...
Needle exchange programs have long been a controversial subject with both the general population
and government lawmakers. The primary objective for needle exchange programs (NEPs) is to
prevent the spread of blood–borne disease and is very successful in doing so. But, issues of morality
due to the perception of drug enablement and the stigma of intravenous drug users (IDUs) and their
potential effects on the decline of society are continually used as arguments for those against NEPs.
It has been proven through many studies that these programs not only reduce harms associated with
intravenous drug use, they are also cost effective and reduce the circulation of used syringes to the
general population. Beyond epidemiological efforts, NEPs also provide a de–stigmatized center for
gathering and offers health services such as HIV testing, counselling and referrals to treatment for
drug addiction. This paper aims to highlight the efficacy of needle exchange programs, safe
injection sites and address the social and political issues associated with them.
Intravenous drug users are some of the individuals most susceptible for contracting and transmitting
blood–borne diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
In Canada, there was an estimated 71,300 cases of HIV at the end of 2011 with an incidence of
approximately 2,250 to 4,100 cases. IDUs account for 13.7% of Canadians living with HIV.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HVC) is currently

Social Issue : Safe Injection Sites
Bill C–2, commonly known as the Respect for Communities Act, was initially introduced to the
House of Commons on October 2013. Bill C–2 passed through its first and second readings in less
than eight months; its third reading took place on June 10th, 2015 and it was assented on June 18th,
2015 (Parliament of Canada, 2015). Bill C–2 was created as a response to a Supreme Court ruling
that ordered the federal Minister of Health to continue to provide an exemption to the Controlled
Drugs and Substances Act. This ruling allowed the Supervised Injection Site in Vancouver, InSite, to
continue to operate. There are three aspects covered in this report in relation to Bill C–2: the social
issue associated with it, a more in–depth description and analysis of this Bill, and the shortcomings
and issues that currently exist in the policy. Understanding of the Social Issue: Safe Injection Sites
Supervised injection sites are clean, safe and medically supervised facilities where users can inject
intravenous illegal substances. These facilities are legally sanctioned and are part of a harm
reduction approach towards drug use problems. Safe injection sites have been implemented in
Australia, various European countries including, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, as
well as in Canada. Safe injection sites have been successful in every country in which they operate.
Safe injection sites provide sterile injection equipment, basic health care, medical testing, drug and
medical

Benefits Of Safe Injection Sites
Safe injection sites possess many salutary benefits related to public health safety of the drug using
community. Safe injection sites provide a safe place for drug users to inject drugs into their bodies
so they do not have to reuse needles and can also be supervised by nurses constantly while they do
so. Insite is the sole safe injection site in all of Canada and the expansion of other facilities has been
fiercely contested by policy makers not due to empirical criminological evidence, but simply due to
one dimensional classical conservatism inspired ideology and illogical hysteria. The fear propagated
by the past Conservative government that by assisting drug users by feeding their addiction and by
gathering so many law breakers in concentrated areas would correlate to an increased rate in crime.
The traditionalistic ideology of the Conservative government mandated them to adamantly oppose
the prospect of safe injection sites let alone their expansion into other regions and provinces
regardless of the fact that there were no adverse effects for the community in terms of increased
crime. Safe injection sites were introduced to Vancouver in 2003 under a special exemption under
section 56 under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was granted by the Liberal
government via Health Canada as a desperate means to help resolve the growing health concerns in
the area. In 1998, a report by then British Columbia public health officer John Millar decried the
situation in the

The Issue Of Supervised Injection Sites
The issue of Supervised Injection Sites (SIS) in Canada is a contentious issue. Many Canadians feel
conflicted between providing healthcare options and supporting an illegal and anti–social behaviour.
Canadian society has always dealt with some percentage of the population who have become
addicted to intravenous drugs. Left unchecked, the ecology of IV drug use creates a number of
societal issues as well as a greater burden to the already over–stretched Canadian healthcare system.
Legally and financially supporting safe injection sites is just a matter of simple economics.
This essay refers often to the term "cost avoidance". Cost avoidance refers to activities that reduce
future spending. That is to say, future spending would have increased without the cost avoidance
activities.
An often–discussed approach to dealing with substance abuse in Canada defines four pillars:
prevention, treatment, enforcement and harm reduction. Supervised Injection Sites fall under harm
reduction. The pillar of harm reduction concerns the efforts around reducing the negative impacts to
society that substance abuse inflicts.
1
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are blood borne diseases transmitted
through coming in direct contact with an infected person 's blood. Canadians who are intravenous
drug users (IDUs) have a higher than normal risk for coming into contact with both diseases.
The supervised injection site in the community provides a number of services to IDUs.

A Case Of Hanford Nuclear Reservation Site
Radioactive Contamination
Of
Soil and Groundwater
Due to Storage of Nuclear Waste
A case of Hanford Nuclear Reservation site
Name Student no
Jaysheel Pandya 1001025972
Contents
Introduction 3
Contaminants on and around the site 4
Soil and Groundwater Contamination 5
Sources of Contamination 5
Physical and Hydrogeological conditions of the site and waste transport pathways 6
Interaction of contaminants in groundwater 9
Uranium 9
Chromium 10
Strontium 10
Remediation Strategies for Soil and Groundwater 11
Reducing recharge 12
Source Removal 12
Waste Treatment and Waste Immobilization 12
Soil Vapour Extraction 12
Calcium–phosphate Barrier 13
Pump–And–Treat 13
Phytoremediation 13
References 14
Table of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The site was divided into several facilities carrying out various activities to develop weapons and
store and dispose of nuclear waste. Within the first two years MEDACE had built a nuclear reactor,
underground waste storage tanks and a nuclear fabrication facility. All the facilities were in
operation to develop plutonium fuels for military defense (Gephart and Lundgren 1998).
The site was in operation for 44 years and was decommissioned in 1987 (Wald, 1998). During this

period, approximately 110,000 tons of nuclear fuel were processed at Hanford Site (Wald, 1998;
Gephart and Lundgren 1998). It produced 73 tons of nuclear weapons and reactor fuel–grade
plutonium during the time of its operations (Gephart and Lundgren 1998). The production of nuclear
weapons and nuclear fuels generated huge quantities of highly radioactive waste which was stored
in underground storage tanks.
Most liquids from single–shell tanks have been pumped to the newer double shelled tank over the
years, to remove the remaining 9000 cubic meter of drainable liquid (Hanlon 2003). Salt cake and
thick waste sludge was left behind in the tank. No double shell tank has leakages till date, even
though the design life of oldest ones has been reached (Hanlon 2003).
However majority of single shelled tank exhibited some kind of leakages ultimately contaminating
the site. The U.S Department of Energy (DOE) currently manages the site and is responsible for
cleaning

Benefits Of Safe Injections Sites
Many people view safe Injections sites as something extremely controversial. Some people are
completely for the idea of them as well as implementing in their neighborhoods, while others are
extremely against the idea and will do anything they can to ensure that they never make their way
into their neighborhood. That being said, because of the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in the
Canada (AG) v PHS Community Services Society, many more of them will be opening up across
Canada. The Court's decision in the case will have an extremely positive impact on Canada, as
proven through empirical evidence, on vulnerable drug users and addicts, the health and safety of
Canada, as well as legal and constitutional rights of Canadians. Prior to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
5). The federal Minister of Health, under Stephen Harper's conservative government in 2008, had
"failed to extend Insite's CDSA exemption, which brought about" (Kennedy, n.d.). The Federal
Health Minster's decision had sparked Insite to go to the many courts that came prior to the Supreme
Court, where Insite argued that their section 7 right of The Charter of Rights and Freedoms had been
violated ("Canada (Attorney)", 2011, pg. 5). First, the case went to a trial court in which the judge
found that the application of the CDSA to Insite Violated their section 7 right under the charter, and
granted Insite a constitutional exemption "allowing it to continue to operate free from federal drug
laws", but the Court of Appeal "dismissed the appeal and held that the doctrine of interjurisdictional
immunity applied" ("Canada (Attorney)", 2011, pg. 5). Ultimately, the case was appealed again, but
to the highest court in Canada: the Supreme Court of Canada. The Justices of the Supreme Court of
Canada decided, in a unanimous decision, that not granting Insite an exemption to operate would be
constitutionally unacceptable, and not in the best interest of Canadians. Although the Supreme Court
decided this, it wasn't for the reason of interjurisdictional immunity,

Construction Site Safety Management Plan
Construction Site Safety
By Connor Cribben
Part A: Site Safety Management Plan.
Contents Page:
Objective .........................................................................................................1
Scope .............................................................................................................1
Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................................................1
Legislation and Codes of Practice .........................................................................2
Risk Management ..............................................................................................2
Communication and Consultation ...........................................................................3
Safety Procedures ..............................................................................................4
Objective:
This document details the safety systems and strategies with the purpose of providing a safe
workplace, protecting employees and workers and meeting regulatory compliance requirements.
Scope:
This site safety management plan is to be applied to all phases of the construction life cycle, from
conception to completion. It is to be followed and understood by all workers.
1. Roles and Responsibilities (duty of care);
1.1 Main Contractor – The main contractor is responsible for;
preparing, updating and implementing this safety management plan
identifying and following all legal work health and safety requirements
making sure that all work is completed in a manner without risk to workers
planning to do all work safely
participating in the planning and design stages of trade activities
identifying WHS training required for an activity
ensuring workers undertake identified WHS training
communicating and consulting with the project

Safe Injection Sites Case Analysis
The outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in 2011 has created an avalanche of various
legislation and reactions from all over Canada. Two federal Canadian governments have been
involved in the aftermath of the Court's decision, the Conservative government led by Stephen
Harper, and the Liberal government led by Justin Trudeau. Both have taken drastically different
approaches to the issue of safe injection sites. Harper made his view clear when he passed
legislation in response to the court's decision. Trudeau's liberal government is in progress of
investigating the best way to amend legislation for Canada's interests on whole. Not all Canadians
agree with the Court's decision, and both the government and the public have responded to the
decision ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supporters of the facilities would argue it was a step in the right direction, and that the Conservative
legislation passed in 2015 was a major setback. On the other hand, those who oppose the safe
injection sites completely will be sure to make it as difficult as possible for future sites to open
around the state. The tensions between judicial and executive governments in Canada is not new,
and the balance of powers within the state represents the Canadian democracy. The controversy is
not over, and it is in the Liberal government's hands to see what the next step will be for safe
injection sites in

The Effect of World Heritage Site Designation on...
1. Introduction
The city of Bath has become a World Heritage Site (WHS) since 1987, identified as "a place of
outstanding universal value for its architecture, town–planning, landscape, archaeological remains
and its role as a setting for social history", which is a unique WHS in Britain covering the whole city
scale instead of only historic core part (UNESCO, 2009).
Following the inscription of Bath from UNESCO (2009), which is "astonishingly, undertaken with
no boundary", WHS designation became a remarkable label for Bath. A large increase in the number
of tourists to Bath after the designation, which makes Bath to be recognized by historic attractions
covering from Roman origins bath to Georgian developments collections of 18th ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Howard (2003) suggests that maintain heritages empty and change it to museum may the
available way in the future, even it might harm the benefits of operators.
2.2 Changes in Local community
2.2.1 Overcrowding and local people's life
Poria(2013) claims that some of the currently designated WHS, since they are recognized as part of
heritage, an increase in demand explosion and tourist boost would be happened. Visitors normally
attracted and associated by the iconic words "World Heritage Site", and treat this site as a culturally
famous and major significance to world (Tucker, 2010). Therefore, the status of overcrowding in
Bath has drawn people's attention.
In order to balance the distance between the increasing tourism demand and the carrying capacity in
Bath, the living cost in bath has to increase, the local surrounding tends to be crowded. WHS
designation attracts more and more visitors to Bath, at the same time, it is creating troubles for
residents or people who need to living in Bath (Poria,2013).
The increasing popularity pressure could not only make house price, living cost increase, but also
lead to the heavy tourism traffic. As one of the symbols of modern tourists, most joyful travels
possibly rely on cars (Howard, 2003). This change could also be a challenge for Bath tourism, which
is hard to spare enough space for affording the increase–parking

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