Sample seminar report for '3D Internet'

1. i
ABSTRACT
Internet, today has become an integral part of our lives. Many things that we do in our daily
life are connected to the internet. The internet is gradually evolving to become the virtual
environment which would facilitate communication, business, and entertainment on a global
scale. The internet that we are currently using is in the form of 2D internet which is less
interactive and is made up of web pages, graphics and images that only have a 2D existence.
A replacement or an upgrade is needed for the internet to a much sophisticated, ubiquitous
and interactive network in the form of 3D internet. 3D internet which is also known as virtual
worlds is entirely a new concept and is the next generation after the stream of 2D internet. It
is a powerful new way for users to reach consumers, business customers, partners, students
and colleagues.3D internet contains interconnected services displayed as virtual worlds.
Virtual worlds are 3D environments where user enters with his avatar and provide great 3D
experiences that mirror real life. Virtual worlds may be considered as advanced web sites and
avatars as user profiles. In 3D internet user is part of building his virtual experience with
other users’ avatars and service provider. This makes 3D internet highly interactive and
engaging. People can automatically connect with other people sharing same interests and
services. 3D avatars have more information about users visiting 3D world than cookies which
keep track of 2D world. Almost anything in the real world can be reproduced in the 3D
Internet with the added benefit of experiencing it from the comfort of their home or office.
3D internet is an integration of Internet and 3D graphics. The result of such an integration
would be interactive and real time 3D graphics all delivered through the web. It is the live
simulation of a 2D web page into 3D graphics. Like 2D internet, it will rely on Browser,
Search engine, Servers. But compared to the 2D internet, it will make the world more social.
Keywords – Internet, 3D Graphics, 2D Internet, 3D Internet, Virtual worlds, Avatar

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
2D Two Dimensional
3D Three Dimensional
HDTV High-Definition Television
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
GUI Graphical User Interface
MVC Model View Controller
MPML Multimodal Presentation Markup Language
SL Second Life
DNS Domain Name System
URL Uniform Resource Locator
C2S Client-to-Server
S2S Server-to-Server
C2C Client-to-Client
NeRF Neural Radiance Fields
WebGL Web graphics library
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
OpenGL Open Graphics Library
VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language
IoT Internet of Things
AR Augmented Reality
HCI Human Computer Interaction

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LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Pg. No
1.1 Difference between 2D Internet and 3D Internet 3
3.1 Architecture of 3D Internet 14
3.2 Output – Cylinder 20
4.1 Average broadband speed in various countries 21
4.2 Difference between Google Fiber and Normal Cable 22

4. 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Internet world as we know it today has undergone far-reaching changes since its early
days while becoming a critical communication underpinning our economic performance and
social welfare. The world wide web which has started as a document bank is rapidly
transforming to full-fledged virtual environment that facilitates services, interaction, and
communication. Every activity associated with our daily life is mapped and related to some
entity in the digital world. The world has seen vast advancements in Internet and in 3D
stereoscopic displays. Time has come to merge the two in order to deliver a new level of
experience to the users. The Internet which we currently use lacks 3D experience. But the
day-to-day activities of our lives occur in a 3D world, then limiting ourselves to 2-
dimensional activities on the Internet doesn’t make any sense. The websites which are now
available on the Internet are in 2D and they contain just written matter and images. Such
websites are added to the Internet daily. Thus, in order to compete, existing technology has to
be upgraded where such written matter and images will be replaced with 3D models which
will facilitate user interaction and provide a real-life experience.
1.1 Background
The Internet is evolving to become the de-facto cyberspace or virtual environment facilitating
communication, business, and entertainment on a global scale. The Internet we are familiar
with is filled with web pages, images and graphics that have a 2D existence. Time has come
to upgrade the Internet itself to a much sophisticated, interactive and ubiquitous network. The
3D Internet is poised to replace the 2D Internet. 3D Internet can be called a combination of
Internet and 3D graphics. The effect of such a combination will do have interactive and real-
time 3D graphics all brought to the web. It is also a provocation of a 2D webpage in real-life
graphics. It is a powerful new way for users to reach consumers, business customers,
partners, students and colleagues. The next form of Internet takes user interaction and 3D
experience to a whole new level. 3D Internet is a virtual environment where the user can
experience the real-world scenarios. People who are active in these virtual worlds would be
more interested and active in the digital world than in real life. Virtual worlds are 3D
environments where user enters with his avatar and provide great 3D experiences that mirror

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real life. It can broaden the user's scope about how he perceives the world. It can be an
effective and convenient new way for us to reach out all the users like businessmen,
customers and students. 3D Internet is highly interactive and engaging. The experience of
interacting with another character in a 3D environment, as opposed to a screen name or a flat
image, adds new appeal to the act of socializing on the Internet. 3D Internet is a visual area
where the user can experience real-world situations. It can increase the user experience about
how you see the world. 3D internet has same components as traditional internet. It even
interacts with very same servers and same search engines. The wonderful thing about 3D
internet is that participants learn as much from each other as from talking to any official
source of information. 3D Internet is incredibly social. People can read documents and know
who else is reading it. Thereby people can connect with others who have the same interests
and consume the same service.
1.2 2D Internet and 3D Internet
According to a Cisco blog, the transition from 2D Internet to 3D Internet is in its early stages,
it’s inevitable. 3D Internet is the next wave after the current 2D web. It uses many of the
same basic technology components as the 2D Internet– a browser, search engine and servers.
3D Internet makes virtual communities and collaboration – being and doing together –
possible. 3D Internet consists of interconnected services, presented as virtual worlds. Virtual
reality and Virtual World are major distinctions that separate a 2D Internet from 3D Internet.
Virtual reality is a technique by which a computer simulates a three-dimensional physical
environment using visual and auditory stimuli within which people can interact to affect what
happens in the simulation. Virtual worlds are 3D environments user enters with his avatar.
Virtual worlds may be considered as advanced web sites and avatars as user profiles. The
difference lays in collaborative content creating where user is part of building his virtual
experience with other users’ avatars and service provider.
The 3D Internet uses 3D graphics and, sometimes, avatars. That’s what will make the new
Internet more social than we know today. While 3D graphics are already seen in online
virtual worlds such as Second Life, the 3D Internet won’t be limited to recreation.

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The 2D examples include today- popular retailer like: Drugstore.com, Macdonalds.com and
Walmart.com. The 3D examples include the following: Google earth, Multiverse, and Second
life. Difference between 2D Internet and 3D Internet is shown in Fig 1.1.
2D Internet 3D Internet
User experience is comparable to
phonebook
User experience is ‘Life-like’
Back button is the most used key Intuitive
Solitary Interactive, strong cohesion
Emotional, non-verbal communications are
difficult to express
Emotional, non-verbal communications are
easy to express using avatar
Depicting oneself: blog, homepage Depicting oneself: avatar, virtual world
Powered by search engines, depends heavily
on keywords
Information is linked to avatar and virtual
spaces not keywords
Fig 1.1 Difference between 2D Internet and 3D Internet
1.3 Evolution of 3D Internet
The 3D internet has not just emerged suddenly instead it has been transformed from different
stages of web.
1.3.1 Web 1.0
This was the first model of Internet, initial face of World Wide Web. It is the information
published on the web in a static manner. It could be considered as the read only web. In other
words, the early web allowed us to search for information and read it. Thus, it can be simply
termed as “read only” form of Internet. There was very little in the way of user interaction or
content contribution. However, this is exactly what most website owners wanted. Their goal
for a website was to establish an online presence and make their information available to
anyone at any time. The first shopping cart applications, which most e-commerce website
owners use in some shape or form, basically fall under the category of Web 1.0. The overall
goal was to present products to potential customers, much as a catalogue or a brochure does.

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1.3.2 Web 2.0
The lacks of active interaction of common users with the web lead to the birth of Web 2.0.
The year 1999 marked the beginning of a Read-Write-Publish era with notable contributions
from Live Journal (Launched in April, 1999) and Blogger (Launched in August, 1999). Now
even a non-technical user can actively interact & contribute to the web using different blog
platforms. The Web 2.0 or the “read-write” web has the ability to contribute content and
interact with other web users. This interaction and contribution have dramatically changed
the landscape of the web. Social networking sites like Orkut and Facebook began at this
stage. People could now add their profiles to such websites. Blogs and forums were now a
common part of the digital world. It has even more potential that we have yet to see. The
Web 2.0 appears to be a welcome response to a web users demand to be more involved in
what information is available to them.
1.3.3 Web 3.0
Web 3.0 is not yet fully developed. It would be a “read-write-execute” web. In the previous
two versions of web, information was mainly generated by people. In web 3.0 raw data is
processed and converted to information by the Internet itself. It will provide the users with
related suggestions and recommendations based on their Internet activities that will be useful
to the user.
The two things that form the basis of the Web 3.0 — semantic mark-up and web services.
Semantic mark-up refers to the communication gap between human web users and
computerized applications. One of the largest organizational challenges of presenting
information on the web was that web applications weren’t able to provide context to data
While this is still evolving, this notion of formatting data to be understood by software agents
leads to the “execute” portion of our definition, and provides a way to discuss web service.
A web service is a software system designed to support computer-to-computer interaction
over the Internet. Currently, thousands of web services are available. However, in the context
of Web 3.0, they take centre stage. By combining a semantic mark-up and web services, the
Web 3.0 promises the potential for applications that can speak to each other directly, and for
broader searches for information through simpler interfaces.
Web 3.0 comprises of online integrated gaming, live educational and business presentations
and avatar representation. It is basically a real time creative web. With web 3.0 applications,

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we will see the data being integrated and applied in innovative ways that were never possible
before. A major leap here is the introduction of the 3D internet. Web 3.0 gave birth to the
most-awaited future internet, Webpages, and Web places.
Sections of Internet that we use today come under the category of web 2.0 and web 3.0. The
next form of Internet takes user interaction and 3D experience to a whole new level. This
type is often so lively that it is considered as virtual reality. 3D Internet can be visualized as a
virtual world. People who are active in the virtual world are more interested and active in the
digital world than in real life. It can be termed as the combination of passiveness of
television, vastness of web, networking like in the social media, stereoscopic experience of
3D movies. An example of such a virtual world can be “Second Life”. The people in this
world are called as residents. The residents are capable of doing things like participate in
social events, distance attendance to meetings and educative classes, meeting new people,
participate in virtual commerce, trying new products, participate in brand experience which is
like the real world etc.
1.4 Characteristics of 3D Internet
• Intelligent
Able to be adapted to the users with respect to their preferences(personalisation), devices
(terminals) and access networks. for a good user experience regarding the media content,
this content should be adapted to the user.
• Interactive for all different terminals (PC, Set-Tops Box, mobile, etc.)
The user should be able to interact with the media objects by modifying and/or render
them using multiple views and perspectives. Real-time interactivity with other users
through the media will be required in order to achieve the maximum level of
collaboration.
• Live or real time (live recording, live performing)
The most attractive media types tend to be performed or generated in real-time
circumstances. Therefore, FIM would need to facilitate live multimodal media, such as
video, events in virtual worlds and live music performances to users and in addition,
enable collaboration in distributed environments.

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• Cross modal
Future media would need to be intuitively inter-linked and accessible. Therefore, they
need to support cross modal approaches to media creation, retrieval and consumption.
Just as the humans easily identify a song with a film, or smell with particular environment
and time, FIM needs to inherently facilitate cross modality of the content and its tasks.
• Publicly opened and controversial
It should not be closed, but open for public participation and even be supportive of
establishing communities across controversial issues and incorporating stakeholders with
conflicting interests.
• Collaboratively edited/filtered
In order to have media professionals making maximum use of the internet, the media
content should be edited/filtered/written/manipulated in a collaborative way.
• Able to Transport 3D multimodal
The 3DI content networks should be able to adapt the content to the user and device
characteristics coping with scalability from low resolution to real 3D video multimodal
media formats and allow for creation, modification, search and sharing of the new media
objects.
• Real time
Due to a strong demand for real time quality of Future Media, it will need to deliver
media in real-time throughout the whole pipeline of communication: from the source to
the user, regardless of the network architecture.
• Network content and user context-aware
User context should go beyond network parameters at user premises to real content
aware-networks which can provide real-time adaptation and user context personalization
of 3D Media heterogeneous services ranging from simple 3D IPTV to real 3D
multimodal.

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CHAPTER 3
3D INTERNET
3D Internet is a powerful new way to reach consumers, business customers, co-workers,
partners, and students. It is a set of interconnected virtual worlds that users can visit to
consume services, teleporting from one world to another. 3D Internet is inherently interactive
and engaging. It offers immersive 3D experiences that replicate real life. 3D internet is a
powerful combination of two forces: Internet and 3D Graphics. 3D Internet provides users
and services a shape using avatars and 3D graphics.
3.1 Architecture of 3D Internet
3D Internet shares the time-tested main principles and architecture of the current Internet as
well as many semantic web concepts. The operational principles the 3D Internet shares with
its predecessor include open and flexible architecture, open protocols, simplicity at the
network core, intelligence at the edges, and distributed implementation.
A simple graphical representation of the 3D Internet architecture is provided in Fig 3.1[1].
Terms such as world, universe, and web place as 3D counterparts of website, WWW, and
subdomain, respectively are adopted here. Each components functionality is described below
in brief.
Fig 3.1 Architecture of 3D Internet

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World Servers
It provides user or server-side created, static and dynamic content making up the specific web
place (3D environment) that has visuals, physics engine, avatar data, media, and more to
client programs. A world server has the important task of coordinating the co-existence of
connected users, initiating communication between them, and ensuring in-world consistency
in real time. They may also facilitate various services such as e-mail, immediate memorandum,
uploading, instant sagging, downloading fast and more.
Avatar/ID Servers
Virtual identity management systems containing identity and avatar information as well as
inventory (not only in world graphics but also documents, pictures, e-mails, etc.) of registered
users and providing these to individual world servers and relevant client programs (owner,
owner’s friends) while ensuring privacy and security of stored information. Avatar/ID servers
can be part of world servers.
Universe Location Servers
Virtual location management systems are somewhat similar to the current DNS, providing
virtual geographical information as well as meta information to connect to the Internet via
methods similar to SL URL. They can also act like a distributed directory of the avatar
servers, world, and users.
Clients
Browser-like viewer programs running on user’s computers with extensive networking,
caching, and 3D rendering capabilities. Additional components of the 3D Internet include
web places (replacing websites) and 3D object creation/editing software, i.e., easy-to-use 3D
modelling and design programs such as Sketch-Up and standardized mark-up languages and
communication protocols. Emergence of new software and tools in addition to the ones
mentioned should naturally be expected.
As the 3D Internet will increase the reliance on graphics and interactivity, it will be crucial
that the latency that clients observe when interacting with servers is minimized. High latency
incurs low responsiveness and reduced user satisfaction. Therefore, the network has to be
designed intelligently to overcome these challenges.

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The architecture of 3D Internet consists of three types of communications:
1. Client to Server (C2S)
2. Server to Server (S2S)
3. Client to Client (C2C)
Each of these have different latency and bandwidth requirements.
C2S communications (Fig 3.1 red lines) are bandwidth limited, frequently updated, and
synchronous. Location and activity data as well as use of in-world services will spend
substantial amount of resources both at the client and world servers. The avatar/ID server-
client C2S communications (Fig 3.1 dash-dotted grey lines) are less frequent and
asynchronous. As an optimization, some portion of this communications can be pushed to the
backbone by facilitating S2S links between ID and world servers (Fig 3.1 solid grey lines)
triggered by clients and through intelligent caching. Additional S2S communications will also
take place on the backbones. The S2S in the case of universe location servers (Fig 3.1 dotted
grey lines) are expected to be relatively low load.
Improving server independent C2C communication is one of the main solutions to the
scalability problems. One example is the information about avatars in the same space, which
can be communicated more efficiently if exchanged directly between the avatars’ hosts,
instead of through a central server. When the user moves around other avatars can send their
information as well as of others.
3.2 3D Internet Approaches
There are three methods for implementing 3D Internet – Software approach, Hardware
approach or by using VRML technology.
3.2.1 Software Approach
3.2.1.1 Depth Perception and Artificial Intelligence
Depth perception allows for conversion of 2D images into 3D. Depth perception is the ability
to perceive the world in three dimensions(3D) and to judge the distance of objects and
movements between objects and ourselves. This concept of depth perception is integrated
with Artificial Intelligence algorithms which can turn 2D images into rich 3D view of a
scene. Such an algorithm can convert 2D pixels into the 3D equivalent known a voxel. It is
smart enough to understand the difference between two colours, difference between the depth

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of two objects with the help of sensors. It is also capable enough to understand if a still image
is being displayed, if the objects in it are near the observer or away from it. For example,
when we see the motion of a running animal on screen, the still image of this animal is on the
basis of the x and y co-ordinates. Now the same motion of the same running animal on a
browser capable of perceiving depth, it can estimate the z coordinate of the running animal
and display it appropriately. Due to which the user viewing this running animal can
experience a 3D effect on screen. Artificial intelligence will be required for the latter
implementation. It uses neural network to capture and generate 3D imaginary from a few 2D
snapshots. It performs computations that calculate the density and colour of points in 3D
space. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) is one such neural network. It generates novel views
of complex 3D scenes based on a partial set of 2D images. It is a computationally intensive
algorithm and processing of complex scenes can take hours or days.This parameter will
decide the extent to which the users on the client side may experience the 3D effect. The
hardware required to implement such ideas may need some good research. Such a browser
would give the developers and website creators new functionalities that can be adjusted as
desired, to deliver their content matching the exact level of 3D effect required to make their
content even more interactive and entertaining.
3.2.1.2 WebGL
Generating 3D graphics on Internet has become a reality by using WebGL which stands for
Web graphics library. It is a JavaScript library for displaying interactive 2D and 3D content
on compatible web browsers without the use of any plugins via HTML5 canvas element. It
allows to run GPU accelerated graphics directly inside an HTML canvas. It has been
developed from OpenGL ES (Embedded Systems) 2.0. There are two types of functions in a
WebGL – vertex shaders and fragment shaders. WebGL is capable of transforming static
visual variables of shape, texture, size, colour, orientations, value and overall presentation of
information into a 3D virtual space providing rich 3d graphics experience on the browser end.
WebGL provides a mind-blowing experience and function as a great data visualization tool
that turns any normal data into a compelling virtual story.

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3.2.2 Hardware Approach
Using the following hardware tools, we can experience 3D Internet with the existing 2D
devices. It gives an appearance of height, width and depth (three dimensions) for a more
immersive viewing experience. This enhanced depth perception makes images seem more
lifelike. When a 3D image is seen through any of these glasses, our brain uses a technique
called stereoscopy to create an illusion of depth. They help us to recreate what our own eyes
do on a daily basis.
• 3D lens: The benefits of this concept will be similar to that of a normal lens over a 3D
glass. But this concept still requires more advanced research.
• HoloLens: It is Microsoft's take on augmented reality, which they call as “mixed reality”.
Using advanced optics, multiple sensors, and holographic processing that melds
seamlessly with the environment. These holograms that are displayed can be used to
display information, blend with the real world, or even simulate a virtual world.
• Anaglyph Glasses: It consists of glasses of chromatically opposite colors like a
combination of cyan and red. When used as a pair of glasses with different colors on
either side they send two separate images to the viewer to create a stereoscopic image.
The red lens helps the eye to perceive red as “white” and blue as “black,” while the
reverse is true for the blue lens. This tricks the brain into seeing the two images as a
single image that has three dimensions (including depth).
• Polarized Glasses: 3D visuals are achieved by projecting two images simultaneously, one
horizontally and other vertically polarized which causes a 3D effect.
• Shutter Glasses: Stereoscopic image can also be created by blocking the view of one eye
at a time and repeating this at very fast rates.
• Lock Mirrors: A stereoscopic image can also be created by blocking the view of one eye
at a time and repeating this with very rapid values.

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3.2.3 Using VRML Technology
3.2.3.1 Introduction to VRML
VRML is the Virtual Reality Modelling Language which helps to create platform-
independent 3D objects and interactive scenes on a web page. VRML had initially stood
for Virtual Reality Markup Language. Three versions of VRML are VRML or VRML 1,
VRML 2.0, and VRML 97. [16] Using text files in a similar format to the HTML, VRML
allows a browser to produce the illusion of a three-dimensional environment. The VRML
files are known as worlds and have “. wrl” extension. It is a file format for
describing interactive 3D objects and worlds to be experienced on the world wide web.
Many 3D modelling programs can save objects and scenes in VRML format. A VRML world
is built using nodes. Nodes describe the geometry, sound, properties of the world, and
more. The very first thing we need for creating a world a VRML browser, to view our
worlds, as well as other peoples. The most popular one is Cosmo Player from Cosmo
Software (Win95/NT). The next thing you need to do is create our own worlds. There are two
ways of doing this. First, you could use one of the many VRML authoring tools, which are
like 3D modellers in which we can build our world. The other way is to code it by hand. All
we need for this is a text editor, such as notepad or word pad. Simply type in the code and
save it as filename.wrl. We can then load that into our browser and take a look.
3.2.3.2 File structure of VRML Technology
VRML files contain:
• File header
• Comments - notes to ourself
• Nodes - nuggets of scene information
• Fields - node attributes we can change
• Values - attribute values

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3.2.3.3 Simple Code and Output in VRML
#VRML V2.0 utf8
# A cylinder
Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material { }
}
geometry Cylinder {
height 2.0
radius 1.5
}
}
Fig 3.2 Output - Cylinder

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CHAPTER 4
TECHNICAL IMPLICATIONS AND SOLUTIONS
Along with the benefits, obstacles such as present network speed, hardware limitations and
cost factors also come with 3D Internet. These hurdles obstruct the evolution of traditional
Internet to 3D Internet.
4.1 Technical Implications
4.1.1 Internet Speed
Internet speed is one of the most significant implications that is being faced by the 3D
Internet. These are in terms of limitation of bandwidth and access to a stable connection. As
3D Internet requires delivery of high-end graphics and models, the requirement of high and
stable bandwidth is mandatory. 3D Internet requires bandwidth in the range 200-350 Mbps.
Research shows that not many countries in the world are in a state to fulfil the internet speeds
that are required for the implementation of the 3D Internet. Therefore, even if some countries
do have good speed, most of them would not be able to support 3D Internet due to which
complete implementation of this technology is difficult. Here, in the below chart (Fig 4.1)[5]
[18] we can see the average broadband speed in various countries.
Fig 4.1 Average broadband speed in various counties

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4.1.2 Hardware
The current Internet which we use is in 2D form and thus requires a normal screen. When
there is a transition from 2D to 3D Internet, we will also have to move from the traditional
screens to the ones that are compatible to render 3D graphics. We will also require different
separate tools to view these 3D images.[13] Rendering of such high-end models also requires
high usage of RAM and GPU. Therefore, upgrading to this technology means an overall
upgrade of the present system around the world.
4.1.3 Cost
The cost involved in the overall implementation of 3D Internet is high (around 20-30 billion),
which may discourage the masses.
4.2 Solutions
4.2.1 Internet Speed
The average broadband Internet speed problem is Google Fiber. Google Fiber provides a
lightning speed of 1 gigabit per second (1,000 Mbit/s) which is about 100 times faster than
the current speeds. It has already laid its roots in some cities with a vision of expanding
worldwide. A comparison between Google Fiber and Normal Cable is shown in below [7]
Fig 4.2.
Fig 4.2 Difference between Google Fiber and Normal Cable

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4.2.2 Hardware
Use of 3D goggles is one solution that can be employed to overcome the problem of the
Hardware implications. As we know there are various range of 3D goggles available in the
market, we can select from these wide variety of 3D goggles. And the cost of these goggles is
even very less, so this prospect can be considered in the preliminary stages of the 3D Internet,
later on these could be upgraded with the latest technologies which could be used to
implement/ display the 3D data.
Another solution is the use of Vision Station as a monitor / display for the 3D Internet. Vision
Station is a computer display technology developed by Elumens which consists of a large,
curved surface (reminiscent of a large satellite dish), a high-resolution data projector and a
wide-angle projection lens. It provides 180 degrees ultra-wide view of 3D visual world,
providing a terrific 3D experience over the Internet at a cost much lower than the multi-
projector systems and other hardware devices implementing 3D graphics. It takes over our
entire visual field, including our peripheral vision.[12] [16] We can see not only what is in
front of us, but everything above, below, left and right. Since it uses our peripheral vision, the
sense of motion is very real. Turning our head to look at objects is very natural. Current
computer screens have at most a 50-degree field of view and needs the user to move the
controller in order to see the images that are not on the screen. This motion is unnatural
because in the real world, users use their peripheral vision to see things beyond the direct line
of sight. This new display technology will address this limitation of standard computer
monitors.
Key benefits of the Vision Station are:
• It provides an immersive 3D experience
• It does not require cumbersome head gear for virtual environment
• It accommodates both real and computer-generated 3D data
• It is portable
• It is highly scalable
• It is as simple to operate as a traditional monitor
• It can be used for a variety of applications
• It accommodates a large portion of existing 3D applications without special porting

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CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS OF 3D INTERNET
The world is entering the digital age. Our day-to-day operations are becoming increasingly
digital and the Internet is at the centre of it all. A few existing applications to upgrade the
current Internet to 3D Internet be listed below.
• Education
By implementing 3D Internet in education, people can have a better understanding of the
subject. They can view lectures and experiments in a 3D manner that will help them learn
more efficiently than the traditional approach. One such example can be that the medical
professionals can view operations in 3 dimensions, distance education will be valued,
illustrative and demonstrative tutorials shall be more effective.
• Real Estate
3D Internet can drastically change the real estate industry. Customers can view the
property they are interested in online with a stereoscopic view. They will get a basic idea
of the area and locality they are going live in even before its complete construction. This
will cut down on traveling and ease the selection process of property to a great extent.
• Social Interaction
The current generation has a much more active online social life as compared to real life.
Addition of 3D to social networking can revolutionize our digital world. Video calls can
be more interactive and appealing. 3D chat spaces can be introduced to social media.
Personal interaction won't be limited to real world. People unable to meet on regular basis
can interact online.
• Tourism
It is important to choose the right destination to spend holidays which can be much easier
after the implementation of 3D Internet. Tourists can have a sample 3D view of the
desired locations and later decide which destination has to be visited. They can have a
short demo of the place they are about to visit and decide if it’s worth investing on the
trip.

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• Entertainment
Online 3D games, 3D movies, etc. won't be a dream anymore. All this can be achieved
using 3D Internet. Users won't be compelled to go to a multiplex for experiencing a 3D
movie. Gamers can enjoy 3D online games at home and can easily connect with their
friends. Live action sports will be more interesting.
• E-commerce
Online Shopping can be more realistic and reliable with the employment of 3D Internet.
Concept like Online shopping malls and Stores can be implemented so that the users can
visit virtual malls from Internet. Vicarious feeling of shopping can be fulfilled by
consumers by sitting at home. It will be a benefit to both, the buyer and the seller as the
basic necessity to meet at a common trading place will be eliminated completely while
the shopping experience will remain intact.
• Spiritualism
People can visit their desired holy place without actually traveling to the destination.
Religious organizations can plan meetings at a selected time covering devotees of a
specified region and 3D Internet will maintain the experience of the trip and cut the cost
and traveling time on the other hand. 3D avatars and first-person view will make it easy
for users to devote time to their religion.
• Culture
3D Internet will open gates to art forms that don't exist at today's date. Artists can portray
their artwork to the whole world in an entirely new fashion. Just as 2D art has a ton of
different forms such as paintings, drawings, photography, mixed media, craft, etc. 3D art
will also create a new genre of creative forms, something that can't be imagined as of now
due to the absence of a 3D platform and human brain's limited scope to 2D imagination.

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CHAPTER 6
3D INTERNET WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
3D Internet can be integrated with latest other technologies to maximize its usage and to give
out its full potential. It will help us to perceive the internet in a new way and to get some
other applications than the conventional ones from the technologies that we are integrating
with.
1.1 3D Internet with Internet of Things (IOT)
Today’s Internet is not limited to our laptops, smart phones and tablets. Everything (living
and non-living) having a distinct IP address, which can be identified uniquely can be
considered to be a part of this massive network (e.g., People using heart implants that can be
monitored via Internet are also considered to be a part of IoT).[12] Various embedded
systems are now accessed via Internet and are capable of data transfer and this idea is termed
a IoT (Internet of Things). Electronic appliances, lights in household and commercial
environment, speakers, vending machines, cars, thermostats, security systems are all
examples objects that fall in the scope of Internet of Things for now. In future IoT can be
combined and largely benefited by the onset of 3D Internet. Avatars in 3D Internet would be
more realistic and could be considered as the spitting image of the user himself.
Imagine buying a new car, clothing, footwear, smart phone, etc. in near future. People would
no longer need a test drive to judge if the car will satisfy their needs. The user can fit their
avatar inside the car model to see if it is spacious enough and fulfils other specific
requirements using 3D Internet. They could also control the vehicle in real world without
leaving their room with the help of IoT and view the test drive in 3D. Thus, with the
combination of “3D Internet” and “Internet of Things” a lot can be achieved.
1.2 3D Internet with Augmented Reality
Abbreviated as AR, Augmented Reality is a type of virtual reality that aims to duplicate the
world’s environment in a computer. An augmented reality system generates a composite view
for the user that is the combination of the real scene viewed by the user and a virtual scene

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generated by the computer that augments the scene with additional information. The virtual
scene generated by the computer is designed to enhance the user’s sensory perception of the
virtual world they are seeing or interacting with. The goal of Augmented Reality is to create a
system in which the user cannot tell the difference between the real world and the virtual
augmentation of it.
Several augmented reality software’s have already surfaced. However, these applications are
only created for devices that produce 2D output.[12] When we think of our surroundings, we
think in 3D, we experience the world in 3D, so augmenting the world and showing the output
in 3D makes more sense. If 3D Internet is implemented several devices having 3D displays
will surface and developers will start creating augmented reality applications for such
devices. Such devices will produce much more realistic view of the reality that we are trying
to augment. The function of the software will remain same in both the cases, but because we
are receiving a 3d view, it will be much more realistic. Also, it will help us understand the
augmentation clearly. In short, we will be augmenting reality and it will be in 3d, so the result
after augmentation must also be 3d.
For example, consider an application which allows user to view themselves while trying
different clothes out. A camera records the user and projects it on a screen where user can
browse through several clothes. The computer automatically adjusts the clothes on screen
according to the positioning of the person. A 2D output like this gives us a general idea about
how the clothes will look on you. On the other hand, a 3D output will give a more detailed
view, explaining how the dress will look in real life. 3D Internet will cause a lot of
applications like these to be developed, shared and used. 3D Internet will prove to be a
backbone for improving current AR experience.

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CHAPTER 7
SUSTAINABLILITY AND SOCIETAL CONCERNS
The concept of 3D Internet once achieved in terms of implementation and management is
going to attract many users out there who want a better experience while exploring the
internet. The question here arises is when the future technological advancements are going to
meet the technology requirements of 3D Internet. Technology is a domain that keeps on
growing at a rapid phase which would in turn require a good sustainable solution or else the
technology accomplishment achieved would be surpassed by something much better. But as
3D Internet is in demand not only by normal users but also by corporate businesses to see a
better growth, there is a chance that this technology is not very far away from becoming a
possibility. [3] It will become the mainstream means of exploring the Internet while 2D
Internet which is currently in use would be used by users who do not have access to the high-
tech developed hardware and technological advancements required for accessing 3D Internet.
3D Internet being a demanding technology nevertheless it’s experience and business growth
that it would bring to normal users and corporate businesses would have some societal
concerns. Some such concerns are security as users would make use of devices and sensors
like projectors and cameras which are easily hacked by hackers unless there is some kind of
advanced growth in the security domain. Another concern would be to the environment as 3D
Internet requires heavy processing power on the hardware performance which means servers
would require heavy inputs of energy and at the same time need adequate cooling. But this
societal concern can again be solved by advancements in producing green energy and optimal
performance of servers set up.
7.1 Obstacles to Commercial Success of 3D Internet
Advertisers, marketers and organizations have yet to capitalize on the vast potential of the 3D
Internet. Factors inhibiting the commercial usability of virtual worlds include:
• The limited effectiveness of traditional media techniques such as fixed location billboards
when applied to virtual worlds. In the 3D Internet, participants have complete control

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over where they go and what they do and can move their avatars instantly through virtual
space. What is required is a means for making content readily available to people not only
at specific points, but throughout virtual worlds.
• Lack of an effective way for enabling people in virtual worlds to encounter commercial
content that enhances their virtual experience. Because participants have a choice in
whether to interact with an offering, it is essential that it be viewed as relevant and
valuable to their particular goals in the 3D Internet.
• An inconsistent means for enabling in-world participants to easily interact with and
access video, rich multimedia, and Web content.
7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of 3D Internet
7.2.1 Advantages
Every aspect of human life is now linked with the digital world or 2D Internet. Businessmen
and potential investors can use this as their advantage to attract more consumers or visitors to
market their products. By adding 3D effects to the normal web, we can increase the
productivity of various fields.
• Participants experience virtual world
Several virtual world environments have already been produced where users can experience a
false but appealing reality. This experience can be improved tremendously with advanced
hardware which can produce 3D outputs. This entire process translates to experiencing a
virtual world having its own applications such as social interaction, education, entertainment
in actual 3D just like our day-to-day activities instead of 2D.
• Participant have control over entire virtual space 3D
Internet allows the user to enter into a virtual space which enables him to interact with several
others. This virtual space can be completely controlled by the user accessing it. This includes
the movement of the user, changes of directions, entering/exiting structures etc.
• Participants can choose to engage with an offering
The user has a choice of accepting or rejecting the communication or interaction requests that
are offered in this virtual world.

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• Better understanding of concepts
3D Internet provides a platform for improving the understanding of several concepts. Certain
concepts can’t be understood directly from 2D monitors as they require visualization of 3D
objects. 3D Internet provides a way for teaching and learning such concepts.
• Replicates real life
3D Internet provides the user an experience which is very similar to real life. Users will
experience real life situations in this virtual world. Avatars will play a key role in
revolutionizing the future Internet. It will change the way in which people tend to interact
with each other. Conversations, rendezvous and other private meetings will move from real
world to virtual as it will be more promising, secure and private.
• Efficiency
3D Internet when implemented can improve the overall efficiency by reducing the mouse
movements. People would no longer have to manually enter data via keyboard and other
time-consuming input devices.
7.2.2 Disadvantages
• Requires high speed internet
• Highly expensive, difficult modelling
• Increased hacking and malware attacks can be seen.
• Online scams might also increase

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
The Internet revolution is taking place rapidly and there is a need to be part of it. The TV
displays are also moving from 2D to 3D therefore in no distant time 3D Internet will be here.
3D Internet is a step ahead to future which could serve for not only as metaverse but will
change the way we perceive internet of today. Benefits and applications surpass the cost
associated with implementation. The need of an intelligent and ubiquitous Internet for
enthusiastic users can surely be fulfilled by 3D Internet. It combines the immediacy of
television, the versatile content of the Web, and the relationship-building strengths of social
networking sites like Face book. Yet unlike the passive experience of television, the 3D
Internet is inherently interactive and engaging. 3D Internet allow participants to have control
over the virtual space and its content is readily available, so the users have a choice in
whether to interact with an offering. Because of its nature of simulating people’s real-world
interactions, 3D Internet has attracted attention from different industries. Businessmen and
interested investors are aware of the true potential of the user friendly, interactive, productive
and addictive market side of it. But due to many obstacles like Internet bandwidth, hardware,
cost factors and lack of research it isn’t easy to implement. At this point the society has the
power to transform digital world to a much more versatile and intriguing version but it needs
a lot of research and funding to make it a reality. We can use the existing hype as a driver of
research and realization of 3D Internet.
8.1 Challenges
• Simulation services: Dense avatar scaling, diverse client types, Unified graphics/physics.
Simulation services can be done on server side or client side. Tools and modalities must
be agreed on.
• Ecosystems: Stimulation standards, 3D browser standards, Identity with anonymity.
Capacity to deliver unified and intuitive user experience across multiple devices including
HDTV, Blu-ray player, tablets and more.

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• Management of multiple identities. Identity management is prime so that while on several
virtual world the individual has the same identity and can be identified. In this
conception, conscious and aspect of self are increasingly externalized as distributed into
both 2D and 3D digital personas (e.g., Facebook, twitters,3D virtual world) reflecting any
number of combinations of now malleable traits of race, gender, age, style, body type,
personality and physical health.
• Applicable rules or privacy of “digital avatars”: One of the main values prominent in the
report around the effects of technology on modern society, is privacy. Many of them
relate privacy to control. The individual's control over who has access to her personal life
and information control over interactions with others, control over handling one's
personal information, against surveillance and observation, and a physical control over
one's personal space. A main characteristic of Second Life is anonymity, which enables
users to distinguish their on-line, in-world identities (their avatars) from their off-line
identities. Many users state that they feel like their Second Life identity is not identical,
and even significantly different from their "real life" identity. In this sense Second Life is
different from social networks such as Facebook, which needs users to login and use their
genuine names and identities.
8.2 Future Scope
3D Internet can be implemented in various fields such as E-commerce, Product visualization
3D virtual shops, Interact in virtual and much more. So, there is no doubt that it has a global
future and it will easily replace the present trending of Internet. 3D internet can be used in
cost effective programming of industrial robots, distant telemanipulation of mobile robots and
advanced visualization of spaces (iSpace). Many new websites are going to put into effect the
3D Internet for enterprise in addition to entertainment purposes. Webpages will get replaced
with the aid of using web places. 3D Internet is a much better way of organizing data that
provides an instant consequence of the way our brain works. Its web-place allows that
interaction between humans in a natural manner. It is extremely useful in interactive online
business and other different fields such as real estate, fashion, distance learning, medical
science, gaming, learning, and tourism etc. using HCI paradigms. In the future, it has a
capability to attract a highly motivated audience.

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