Analysis Of Les Mis�Rables As Equipment For Living

Analysis Of Les Mis�rables As Equipment For Living
"Stories entertain us, but at a formal level, they are also invoking and creating values that help us get
through everyday experiences that are formally similar" (Brummett, 2013, p. 64). Hyde agrees with
Brummett, with his statement, "a great work of art functions to call our attention to a more
primordial call–that of Being. The whole experience is meant to be quite evocative" (Hyde, 2006, p.
61). Essentially, stories are a form of art that are equipment for living. Stories teach people how to
live fulfilling and influential lives. Stories influence what people believe, how they view the world
and their place within it. Stories show humans through language how to get the most out of their
lives and how to help others get the most out of their lives as well.
The purpose of this paper is to look at Les Misérables as equipment for living explored through
Hyde's acknowledgment in order to reinforce that stories teach people how to live moral lives,
which of course requires the communicative act of acknowledgment to take place. Hugo writes Les
Misérables in a way that teaches the audience what is important in life and where they should focus
their attention. Les Misérables is crucial in this historical moment because to this day people focus
too much on themselves instead of others. Hugo clearly lays out and articulates the negative effects
that take place when people are selfish. Through the characters stories, their triumphs and struggles
the audience reenact the aspects
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Essay on Les Miserables
Les Misérables
Published 1862 I | | INTRODUCTION |
When Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables first came out in 1862, people in Paris and elsewhere
lined up to buy it. Although critics were less receptive, the novel was an instant popular success. The
French word "misérables" means both poor wretches and scoundrels or villains. The novel offers a
huge cast that includes both kinds of "misérables." A product of France's most prominent Romantic
writer, Les Misérables ranges far and wide. It paints a vivid picture of Paris's seamier side, discusses
the causes and results of revolution, and includes discourses on topics ranging from the Battle of
Waterloo to Parisian street slang. But the two central themes that dominate the novel are the ... Show
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It sealed Hugo's reputation as a legend.
Upon his return to France in 1870, Hugo received a hero's welcome. He continued to write for the
rest of his life, but abstained from politics. After his death in 1885, Victor Hugo lay in state under
the Arc de Triomphe and was buried in the Pantheon, in the heart of his beloved city, Paris. III | |
PLOT SUMMARY |
Les Misérables is the story of four people–Bishop Myriel, Valjean, Fantine, and Marius–who meet,
part, then meet again during the most agitated decades of 19th–century France. It also tells the story
of the 1832 revolution and describes the unpleasant side of Paris. The novel is in essence a plea for
humane treatment of the poor and for equality among all citizens. A Part I–Fantine | | |
The year is 1815 and Napoleon has just been defeated at Waterloo. Bishop Myriel lives a quiet life
as a just man, who is especially sympathetic toward the poor, bandits, and convicts. One day a
strange man asks for shelter at his home and, with his usual compassion, the bishop gives him room
and board. This man is Jean Valjean, who has just been released from prison after serving a lengthy,
unjust sentence, during which he tried to escape numerous times. Valjean is angry, hurt, and
revengeful. His soul has "withered" and all but died. The bishop urges him to replace anger with
goodwill in order to be worthy of respect: "You have left a place of suffering. But

Nicolas Poussin Essay
Nicolas Poussin
1594–1665
Pictori philosopho (Blunt, 3), "Painter–philosopher" was a name given to Nicolas Poussin by Serous
d' Agincourt in 1782. Agincourt later found out that the name Pictori philosopho had already been
given to the German artist Anton Raphael Mengas.
Nicolas Poussin was born in 1594 in the town of Les Andelys on the Seine. He came from a nobel
family that was ruined by religious wars according to Giovanni Pietro Bellori. No actual proof of
this has been established his father Jean Poussin was said to have had some descent of the hierarchy.
His mother was the daughter of an alderman. His father served in the military under the command of
Charles IX, Henry III, and Henry IV were he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the age of thirty Poussin left Paris for Rome, Italy.
Poussin arrived at his destination in March of 1624. During his journey he made a short stop in
Venice. In Rome Poussin met painter Marcello Sacchetti on of the active patrons of the arts in
Rome. During his first couple of years in Rome Poussin stayed in various homes. In 1629 he took
shelter with Jacques Dughet, a French cook, and his family. Jacques and his family took care of
Poussin when he suffered from what is called 'mal di Francia.'(Blunt, 55) After several years were
spent recovering from his illness Jacques gave his daughter Anne Marie to Poussin in marriage. The
ceremony toke place on September 1, 1630 in the city of Lucina. Jacques Dughet had two sons
named Gaspard and Jean, who were artist and worked under the supervision of their brother–in–law.
Gaspard was so inspired by Poussin that in the later years of his life he took the name of his great
teacher Gaspard Poussin.
During this time Poussin kept company with many painters who he was to keep a close friend ship
for many years. He lived close to many painters and sculptors of the time. Among these was Jean
Lemaire, who later worked with Poussin on the execution of the Long Gallery in the Louvre from
1640 to 1642. While in Rome Poussin dressed as a Frenchman, until hostile Romans attacked him
due to the anti–French sentiment at the time. He saved his

Le Corbusier's Church At Ronchamp
Le Corbusier was known for designing buildings and his theoretical works, which received
considerable attention. His design had a strong impact on twentieth–century architecture and
urbanism. Le Corbusier defined the five points (ukases) of good modernist design. His definition of
the five point of architectural composition in modern architecture has been reformulated and
commented by other famous modern architecture . He was considered to be the first generations of
International school of architecture and provoked modern architecture in Europe.
Le Corbusier designed many building during his lifetime. During the early 20th century many
fantastic architecture emerged and followed the discipline relations between function and form. An
exceptional example of his work is "La Colline Notre–Dame du Haut" (church) at Ronchamp is a
renowned building of the 20th century. The church was described to be embodiment of an
architectural art sculpture. Le Corbusier's church at Ronchamp is evidentially the most imaginative
and sensitively of the modern architecture, conveying emotional style of expression in it's physical
form. Le Corbusier's church at Ronchamp has unique interior and exterior features highlighting the
site of the church offering delightful imaginative and sensitively to the building. Le Corbusier's
approach to innovative lighting solution creates deeper experiential intimacy. Le Corbusier's chapel
at Ronchamp is considerably the most poetic building by redefining

Five Points Of Architecture: The Concept Of Le Corbusier
The Concept of Le Corbusier
The basic concept of an international style is the five points of architecture which included pilots,
flat roof terrace, open plan, ribbon window and free façades.
Pilots (Slender column) o Ground level which supporting by column and elevating the building and
also allowed an extended continuity of the garden.
Flat roof terrace o Is a roof top that serving as a garden and terrace to get the hygiene and relaxing.
Open plan o Free designing of the floor plan.
Ribbon windows o Long horizontal sliding window. Windows can run from one end of the facade to
the other.
Free Façade o Vertical façades free of supports free design of the façade.
In addition, le Corbusier's concept about urban planning is an idea on a large–scale project by
visualization or "plan vision" that use concrete as the main form of structure and base on human
measurement, Fibonacci number and double unit . Moreover, he used the golden ratio in modular ...
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The staircase stay at the center of the house as the vertical circulation that drilled reoffered as a
spine faultlessly from the ground up to the top of the roof. After entering the door, there is a sink the
middle of the house that means to put in the picture to be hygiene by cleaning them self at the
ground floor before going up. The ramp in the house was similar to a long escalators, a machine that
led to the idea of industry, which could goes up and down gradually.
Figure 5– Ground Floor: Floorplan and Details picture
The first floor divided into public area and private space accordingly into function of space includes
dining room, kitchen, bedrooms, bathrooms, and terrace. The long ribbon windows along the
whitewash wall and white plane façades perfectly fitted the level that appeared both on the inside
and from the outside of the

Comparison Of Le Corbusier And Vitruvius
Although Le Corbusier and Vitruvius had important and crucial statements, I find that Vitruvius'
claims made more sense and is clearly more intensified that Le Corbusier's minor statements.
Vitruvius influenced the entire field of architecture and design by his statements, and not just by
words. We can see the results of Vitruvius claims and drawings in buildings and temples and not just
in words. His statements were put to life by the buildings that he was inspired to assume his claims.
On the other hand, we can notice that Le Corbusier's statements, although important, they did not
leave a huge influence in the field of scale. The 'Modular' has not actually replaced the inch–and–
foot and the metric system. Till now the problems of unit conversion still exist, and the claims of
abolishing these obstacles were not fully set. For instance, the circle of Vitruvius is way more ...
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Both used the human body as a scale reference for their ideas. In the Vitruvius's geometry, the
human body was used inside a circle and a square, and was also used as the main reference factor
for architecture of temples. The temples were projections of the human body in architecture. Le
Corbusier also used the human body as a reference for the measuring unit the "Modular". The
human height determines the values of the 'Modular" just like it determines and influences the
design and architecture of temples in Vitruvius's case. Both Vitruvius and Le Corbusier analyzed the
human body and established a relation between its parts, which was shown in both their drawings,
'Vitruvius' circle' and 'Drawing of the proportioning system of Le Modular''. We can clearly notice
that the two are extremely similar in the way of representing the human body taking into
consideration its height and its

Society And Its Disorder In Les Miserables And The Kite...
Society and Its Disorder People are judged; they are condemned by two words–civilized or barbaric.
Yet, there are various components that coincide to make this perception. Society is not composed of
a singular idea it is more so a coupling of ideas; society is interconnected. Gender decides the level
of power and power decides who is rich. Abused power influences civilized or barbaric tendencies.
The masses decide when power is abused and what is considered barbaric. A small faction of society
believes differently from others creating this discord; that is why there is always opposition
prevalent in society. In Les Miserables and The Kite Runner, there is strife happening in many
relationships that display the aspects of society. Gender gives you power; males are considered more
powerful in comparison to women as a result of their physical makeup. People also mistake what the
Bible conveys about the male and female relationships. In the Bible, God states that men should be
the head of the house and are responsible for anyone in his household; while women should take
care and bring up the children and support the man. God intended this to be a balance of power
between soft and strong. The Bible states in Ephesians 5:23–33 "Wives be subject to your husband..
Husbands love your wives.. So husbands ought also to love their own wives as they love their own
bodies..He who loves his own wife loves himself;.." However, countless people misinterpret this
description–because they

Le Corbusier's Five Points Of Architecture
After the beginning of the twentieth century, the industrialization and technology changed a lot of
things in the way humans lived, and so did the structural engineering of steel and reinforced
concrete, as a result, it was clear, in architecture and design, that the older styles and traditions could
not go with these changes in the modern world. A new style, or type of architecture, came to be,
which looked at the function of the building before its aesthetics and focused on its form abandoning
ornaments, and used steel, reinforced concrete, and glass as the main materials in most cases. One of
the pioneers of Modernism was Le Corbusier. This paper will discuss some of Le Corbusier's
buildings and how his style changed throughout his life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was built as an exhibition for his own works, such as his paintings, sculptures, and furniture. In
this building Le Corbusier returned to using geometric arrangements and cubical modules as guides
for his design. However, he abandoned his use of concrete, and instead the structure was constructed
with steel, enamel, and glass. In addition, to the glass walls, there are other walls that are bright with
primary colors from the exterior, unlike his other buildings that simply had a white façade. It also
has, like some of his previous buildings, a long ramp that helps to access the upper level of the
exhibit. The structure has a steel roof canopy that is supported on thin columns, and it covers the
whole building. As for the interior, there are open spaces that function as galleries, but, there is one
area that functions as a house, with a kitchen and a bedroom. (Pile, John, and Judith Gura)
To conclude, Le Corbusier was a great contributor to modernism, but he went through different
phases with his architectural style. With Villa Schwob, it was bigger and more complex than his
later works. Villa Savoye, shows Modernism very clearly, with the white free façade, ribbon
windows, free plan, and roof garden. As for the church of Notre–Dame–du–Haut, he began
experimenting with free and sculptural

The British Architects Of The 20th Century
INTRODUCTION
Born on September 8, 1914, Sir Denys Louis Lasdun is considered among the most distinguished
British architects of the 20th century. He is credited with having contributed to London's urban
landscape. Among the works for which he is best known are the Royal National Theatre at London's
South Banks of the Thames, the European Investment Bank in Luxembourg, the Royal College of
Physicians in Regent 's Park and the University of East Anglia. The others of Lasdun's buildings
were a building at 32 Newton Road, Paddington, Hallfield Primary School, Usk Street Housing,
Keeling House and the Sports Centre at the University of Liverpool. Considering how eminent these
landmark buildings are in London's landscape, it is apparent that Lasdun was a much–sough
architect, especially by the British government as well as the local authorities. Lasdun's architecture
falls under the Brutalist architecture of the United Kingdom under which many prominent 20th
century British and European architects worked. Among the architects that worked under Brutalism
and had great influence on Lasdun's architecture were Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and
Nicholas Hawksmoor. Lasdun's fame as a world class architect could be largely attributed to the fact
that his architecture spanned the whole era of modernism in British art.
It is often asserted that Lasdun's architecture was derived from and driven by his boredom with the
sameness or identicalness of English architecture and the

The Theme Of Love In Les Miserables
Generally, authors compose books that go along with the morals of the audience. So many stories
are written today with the typical love story, girl falls in love with guy or vice versa. Others are
action packed with a climax and a predictable ending. Victor Hugo took a different stance while
writing his book Les Miserables. Hugo's idea of action is presented through Jean Valjean who is
held in prison for four years because he stole a loaf of bread. He includes unique love stories unlike
the typical ones that we read about. Hugo's main purpose is to challenge people to consider their
morals on forgiveness and love. While most of the town seems to turn against Jean Valjean after his
time in prison, the Bishop continues to forgive him and walks ... Show more content on
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Hugo includes love in his novel to express the different types and meanings of true love. Marius
waits to see Cossette and she does not show up. After going to the garden and realizing Cossette is
not there, Marius was devastated. "He sat down upon the steps, his heart full of tenderness and
resolution, he blessed his love in the depths of his thought, and he said to himself that since Cosette
was gone, there was nothing more for him but to die" (274 Hugo). Marius' love for Cossette is so
strong that without her he is incomplete. Cossette often received the short end of the stick while
growing up with Eponine and the Thenardiers; however, this is not the case when it comes to
winning over Marius' love. Hugo uses Marius to show two completely different kinds of love in his
novel; one with Cossette, and the other with Eponine. Eponine lives a very different life as her
parents, the Thenardiers, are not the best role models for her. Even though she grows up in a tough
situation, she still knows how to love. Eponine falls in love with Marius, however the feeling is not
mutual. When Marius finds Eponine on the ground during the battle at the barricades, he shares love
with her as her life comes to an end. He does not have the same love for Eponine as he does for
Cossette. After revealing two gunshot wounds to Marius, Eponine asks him to stay until her life
ends. As soon as

Utopian Urbanism That Forms Utopic Degeneration
From recent years, utopian urbanism connects with the so–called crisis of modernist urbanism that
forms utopic degeneration. Utopia has developed to mean a community with a visionary system of
political and societal perfection, where cities that function to improve the daily lives of its citizens;
an ideal society, However these concepts are more often than not depicted as an impossible dream,
yet too bold, too radical to ever exist in real life. Some utopian visions are focused on new
technology, whereas others are on intact landscapes. In other occasions, some are based on new
social orders, but all were combined under a radical avant–garde and progressive architecture. It is
this, their new and bold concepts that drive the imagination of architects and town planners.
Although rarely realized in full, principles from some utopian visions have been adopted in part and
have had significant influence on existing cities such as New York, Chandigarh and Paris. They are a
catalyst for generating ideas and new forms of thinking that leads to, for better or for worse the
many innovations in 21st century urban planning. Since utopian thinking can produce a vision of the
future that is achievable, what is the connection between having a vision of the future, whether
achievable or not, and utopian thinking?
The concept of utopia, derived from Thomas Mores, in his famous text in 1516 where he refers a
place as to both somewhere good and to nowhere. The connections between utopian

Nicolas Poussin
Nicolas Poussin is born in Les Andelys, France in 15 Jun 1594. Poussin's talant was recognized
from an early age, and when successful local painter Quentin Varin visit his hometown. Very little is
known about Poussin's early years in France. Inn the spring of 1624 Poussin arrived in Rome, where
he was welcomed into the active group of intellectuals included Cassiano dal Pozzo archaeologist
and philosopher. In 1628, with Cassiano's help, Poussin received his first big agreement: "The
Martyrdom of Saint Erasmus", painted for the Church of Saint Peter (now Vatican Museums)–one of
his largest Baroque compositions. During his first years as an artist, Poussin experimented many
different artistic styles, but he was obviously impressed by the paintings ... Show more content on
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It was common for the artist to paint several versions of a subject, rethinking the composition and
the quality of the painting in the process; this was the case with Poussin's two paintings of "The
Abduction of the Sabine Women", which he created around 1633. Both paintings, with their strongly
opposing diagonals, are illustrations of the dynamic and self–confident style that Poussin adopted
for many of his scenes from earliest history. Poussin perhaps used the small stages with wax figures
and carefully arranged curtains, described by his colleagues. In his painting "Eliezer and Rebecca at
the Well" created in 1648, he used the same technic. In his late works Poussin may well have used
such a stage to plan the rigorous composition of "Saints Peter and John Healing the Lame Man" ,a
painting from about 1655 that shows the artist responding to the striking and solid classicism of
Raphael's The School of Athens. Poussin was much precise in his work: after reading of the primary
sources, he made an initial sketch, and then constructed a small model stage upon which he could
move with actual miniature figures made of

Fascism And The French Architect Le Corbusier
INTRODUCTION
During the years of fascism in Italy coexisted various artistic movements; among them the
rationalist architecture was configured as the most modern one, to cutting–edge, into contact with
European trends of functionalism.
In the European architecture, rationalism was widely widespread in 1920–1940. Its aim was to find
out a solution to the issue arisen after the industrialization and the urbanization and from the
relationship between the individual and modern society. The problem was initially analysed by
Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus, whose solutions lasted at the heart of the movement
along with those of the Belgian Mies van der Roe and the French architect Le Corbusier. They tried
to give life to architecture, prioritising the role of functionality rather than the decorative style,
detaching from both the classical and romantic views.
The architectural work had to be functional, that is, to have a rational relationship with the
techniques of industrial production and the needs of modern society (that is why rationalism is also
said 'indifferently functionalism'). The 'common address' of the movement was declared in 1928
with the CIAM (the First International Congress of Modern Architecture).
The rationalists participated in various exhibitions and congresses in Europe with mixed success,
but, as happened in Italy, they always had to live and deal with more traditionalist trends.
In Italy the Rationalism converged with Futurism in order to

History And Theory : Leicester School Of Architecture
DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ART & DESIGN
LEICESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCH1031
HISTORY & THEORY 1
ESSAY
In 1956, various people broke away from the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne
(CIAM), founded in 1928, in order to set up an international splinter group of modern architects,
Team 10. This led to the demise of CIAM. What were the goals of Team 10? How did they articulate
their disagreements with the objectives of CIAM? Choose a specific building or project to show
how one (or a pair) of the members of Team 10 attempted to put those goals into practice.
Alison and Peter Smithson 's: investigative duties.
Experiment and Utopia in the ' 'House of the future ' '
Marco Fiorino
P13214090
Session 2014/15
Architecture can be seen a tool for exploring the future; an instrument for questioning ourselves
about the infinite possibilities that humankind has when

Difference Between Klimt And Claude Monet
Gustav Klimt and Claude Monet both famous artist whom are born in different country which has
different type of culture that influence the artist styles of painting or creating an artwork. Both are
very different from each others artwork and both also have their own unique way of expressing their
artwork. One thing they have in common is that both of them are involved in the making of modern
arts. Gustav Klimt was a very well–known artist back in the 19th century, he was born on the 14th
of July in 1862 in Vienna,Austria. His father, Ernst Klimt was a gold engraver whereas his mother,
Anna Klimt whos ambition was to be a musical performer.When he was younger his father who was
in a gold engraver had already taught him some arts and this made him realise his passion for arts.
He dropped out of school when he was just 14 years old and later in the year 1876 he enrolled in the
Vienna School of Arts and Crafts which is known in German as Kunstgewerbeschule. Later in the
year 1877 his brother Ernst Klimt also enrolled in that school, Gustav studied in that school as a
student in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I also notice that this painting is symmetrical, even though the consistency isn't really balanced but it
looks symmetrical. This paintings subject matters are the human figures and the patterns just like the
pervious painting ' The Kiss'. He also uses symbolism for the black bird on the right side of the tree.,
it is said that the black bird often symbolize as death. To me this painting is well detailed with all the
patterns and it also has a focal point which is the tree, the tree was the main reason why I choose this
painting, it is an unusual way to draw an tree this

Justice and Love in Hugo's Les Misérables
The nineteenth century was an era distinguished by invention, progress, and social change.
Countries were busy healing from previous wars while fighting ongoing battles at the same time.
Nationalism and militarism became extremely evident around the world as advances in science and
exploration propelled new discoveries. Significant movements, such as Romanticism and the
Industrial Revolution, stemmed in Europe and swept the masses, spreading widely across nations.
The rapid growth of the British Empire, alongside the calamitous fall of the French Empire, marked
the beginning of the eventful nineteenth century. Years after the French Revolution, the French
Empire was defeated in the Napoleonic wars, resulting in a broken union full of ... Show more
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Under the Declaration of Rights, the foreman's action of discriminating Valjean would be legally
protected because distinction based on virtue is permitted. However, the Declaration completely
disregards the fact that Valjean was imprisoned for something he did in a hopeless situation. The
society turned innocent people into hardened criminals because of their status. In Les Misérables,
Hugo focuses on society's mistreatment of Valjean in order to show how society in nineteenth
century France was defective because it took no notice of the morality of inevitable crime. By
incorporating an accurate historical figure into his novel, Hugo highlights the idea that even in
miserable conditions, life can be changed through perseverance and effort. In Les Misérables, Jean
Valjean escapes his dark criminal past and uses his knowledge of industry to start a successful
factory. Years later, he becomes the mayor and is "rumored to have 'immense' sums deposited with
Laffitte, with the special condition that they were always at his immediate command" (Hugo 55).
Hugo places Jacques Laffitte, a real banker from French history, into his novel to interact with the
transformed Valjean. Laffitte, a successful banker and politician, rose

Comparison Of Les Miserables And The Kite Runner
Throughout history, people have held people to standards and judged people. In Les Miserables and
the Kite Runner both societies had ideas on what was civilized and what was barbaric. This can be
seen when characters had to change who they were in order to fit into what was civilized and not be
different. In Les Miserables a demonstration of this is shown when Jean Valjean had to pretend to be
something he's not in order to fit in with the society. Jean Valjean was labeled as a convict just
because he stole some bread to help save his family from starvation. He then had to change his name
and become a whole new person just because society viewed him as a bad person because he is a
convict. "What had been the life of this soul". Looking back on his life he wonders what had
become of it and why society felt that he is barbaric. Even though he was a good person society
treated him like he was an awful person just because he had been a convict. They did not know the
full story of how he was trying to save his family, they just automatically judged him.
Fortunately, in the end Jean Valjean turned his life around and became a better person. The Bishop
helped him turn his life around by giving him a chance to be a better person." Jean Valjean my
brother you no longer belong to evil. With this silver, I have bought your soul. I have ransomed you
from fear and hatred, and now I give you back to God". The Bishop knew that Jean Valjean wasn't
evil and deserved a chance to

Form Follows Function Essay
Louis Henry Sullivan was the architect that created and promoted the paramount precept to 19th
century architectural design, 'form follows function.' The idea behind the design philosophy was
that, "structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality it was met
with both approval and scepticism." (Boundless, 2017) Modern architecture is commonly defined by
its simplification of form. Early modern architecture began in the 20th century, with attempts to
integrate, "the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement and
the modernization of society." (Boundless, 2017)
The Industrial Revolution promoted the benefit of steel and plate glass, along with mass produced
components in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Architect.architecture.sk, 2017) A Function needs a form in order to complete its objective. A form
without its function is just a good looking design on a piece of paper. Once a designer understands
the function of the piece, the additional parameters and the limitations created by the function, the
designer can then construct a form that supports the function, whilst acknowledging the principles of
design. The idea that 'form follows function' is an original idea that is applied to architecture that
states that the shape of a structure is governed by its function. Indeed, until recently, 'form follows
function' was practiced in the work of modern architecture, but soon began being applied to the
design of products that we use in our everyday lives, industrial design. In 'What is Form Follows
Function,' John Spacey writes that, "The principle is considered the driving principle of modern
architecture and is often applied in other areas of design such as product design." (Spacey, 2017)
The design philosophy that 'form follows function' is evident and supported in both modernist
architecture, The Wainwright Building, designed by Louis Henry Sullivan himself and 20th century
design, The

The Origins Of Postmodernism And Architecture
This essay discusses the origins of Postmodernism in art and architecture in terms of Venturi's
critique and explains the meaning of the term "puritanical moral language." It will define
alternatives posed by Venturi and give examples of works by two Australian architects. The first
architect is Glenn Murcutt, whose love of the Australian landscape has been the inspiration for many
of his buildings. The second is architectural firm McBride Charles Ryan, a partnership of Debbie
Ryan (Interior Designer) and Rob McBride (Architect) whose vision is to provide innovative
solutions and technical excellence with its unique designs.
Typically modernity was a time where the industrial revolution treated the building in the same way
it responded to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The postmodernists with their historical citations rebelled against the dogmatic modernists. The term
Postmodern was applied to architecture and Robert Venturi formulated an antifunctionalist thesis in
his book, "Complexity and Contradiction in Modern Architecture," 1966 and later "Learning from
Vegas" 1971. Buildings and billboards in Las Vegas were re–evaluated for functionality.
Postmodernism, oppositional of modernism, exhibits the failures of modernism with its inferior
structure, use of cheap materials and simplistic design, a perfect recipe for a disaster and developers.
There is an absence of humanism in its buildings and a lack of engagement with its environment and
the viewer. The postmodern building is the historical reference of style through use of ornamentation
dating back to the Arts and Crafts, Art Deco and Art Nouveau Movements, good use of colour, a
sense of humour and irony and signage that is independent of function. Venturi's "puritanical moral
language" is his way of stating that you can have both, and not be restricted to and/or; however it
can't compromise the form or the function of the building. There has to be a visual language
between the building and its inhabitants and a balance between functionality and aesthetic, and
when one is compromised, the design fails.
Australian architect Glenn Murcutt pours his creativity into smaller projects that let him work alone
and design economical

What to Do in Case of a Pandemia
There are many pandemics that could happen to most Americans. Such as Black outs, zombie
apocalypse, government collapse, nuclear fallout etc. if one was to survive the pandemic here are
some skills that might be a necessity. Knowing first aid is a priority. In a situation that calls for first
aid it is important to remember the" Three C's "Calm Cool and Collected. You must stay calm cool
and collective in order to not escalate you hart rate making you bleed more or spread poisoning
faster than normal. Even though one is calm cool and collective one still must move at a fast pace in
order to address the problem at hand. In a survival situation a person should not take any risk that is
not necessary or helpful to his well–being. If it is a large epidemic one should look for survivors
around him for help. Even though one might want to survive on his own it is better to survive as a
unit, and it will be more productive than doing it on his own[Dual Survival]. If one is assessing
others around he should ask what they are feeling then checks his breathing, and look for any visible
wounds on the body. If there are wounds on the body apply pressure with a shirt or gauze if
available, apply the material available till the bleeding is no longer visible. If the persons leg is
broken or fractured, one can use a branch to stabilize and create a make shift cast in a survival
situation [the complete sas survival manual]. If sunburned keep cold water on it and wrap it up

Visual And Design, An Art Of Thought And Communication
The understanding of all objects that are made for human use are influenced with the themes of
communication. Designs treat form not only as value itself but also in the means of pleasing and
shaping the appearance of objects for an effect that's intended for whatever. Design can be viewed as
a rhetoric, which is an art of reshaping society, changing the course of individuals and setting
patterns for new action. Technologists argue that technology is part of broader art and design, an art
of thought and communication that can move in other's wide range of beliefs by persuasion, about
practice life for the individual and groups. Rhetoricians are expert in form of intended to persuade
communication. Design is an art of thought directed to action that's practiced through
persuasiveness of objects and therefore design invades the lively expression of ideas that are
competing about social life.
One of the good chairs from Design Within Reach, Le Corbusier Style LC2 Petit Comfort Lounge
Chair/Armchair, which was originally designed from the 1920's, has been a design icon for the 80
years. This chair was especially created for an exhibition in Paris and the attention was really on the
external that is located on the outside of the cushions. It's the first sofa chair that hass the external
fram surrounding it's exterior. Its purpose is to give comfort to the ones who sit on it and give
attractive view to an environment that it stands at, and comfort is very much given by

Why Is Le Corbusier Flawed Visionary
Le Corbusier – A flawed Visionary
In an article that appeared on a blog in 2005, the then street riots in France led some commentators
to have a closer look at the living quarters of the rioters. Several writers had pointed to the depressed
environments in which many of the young rioters lived. Most of them, it seemed, lived in public
housing complexes, which in their design were often linked to the Swiss–French architect Le
Corbusier.
Let's look at another example, the Pruitt Igoe urban housing development in St. Louis, Missouri,
completed in 1955. This development was planned according to the modernist principles of Le
Corbusier and comprised thirty–three eleven–storey high–rise blocks made up of individual
apartments. These were communal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His designs were revolutionary, his grasp of ratios and the Golden Mean clearly defined. He was
swept up in the developments in technology and the rise in the use of glass, steel and concrete.
It was Le Corbusier's belief that for a home to provide its function it should have the purity and form
of a well–designed machine. Now this principle may work when applied to a commercial building,
but what family operates like a machine?
Many of Le Corbusier's principles are reflected in many of today's minimalist designs.
I said previously that Le Corbusier was gifted but flawed. In fact he is the architect of his own
failures, expressed in his own words in the preface to his book The City of To–Morrow and its
Planning. On page xxi of the Foreward he states:
"A city . . . is the grip of man upon nature."
Later on in that same Foreward he states – in words reminiscent of the style of rhetoric which would
be used by someone else less than ten years after the publication of 'The City of To–Morrow', he
states:
"we are part of that race whose dawn is just awakening. We have confidence in this new society
which will in the end arrive at a magnificent expression of its

Principles Of Architect Le Corbusier
1. INTRODUCTION
In this essay I will be identifying and discussing the design principals and philosophies that
characterise the work of architect Le Corbusier, this will be done in order to define his personal
style. There will be an analysis of one significant work by the architect to show his approach to
design, structure and material. There will be a discussion on the Domino System created by Max
Dubois and Le Corbusier. The Five Point Plan, put together by Le Corbusier, will be analyzed and
will lead the discussion towards the Villa Savoye. There will be an in depth analysis of this building
in order to define Le Corbusier's style of architecture and design.
2. LE CORBUSIER
2.1. History
Le Corbusier was prominent in the twentieth century and was born during the time of the
development of the car (Company History 2016). Later in this essay there will be a discussion on
how the car has had an influence on his design process. From his father, he learnt to enamel and
engrave watch faces (Le Corbusier Biography 2016). He has drawing talent and was taught by one
of his teachers to always observe nature and the underlying structure of plants. This too will be
elaborated on further in this essay where Le Corbusier designs while keeping the exterior
environment in mind.
He was self taught as an architect and derived his ideas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The system is based on the idea of a structural frame of reinforced concrete, built with standard
elements. The ground floor is raised and there is an open plan. It consisted of a skeleton with 6
columns and slab cantilevers (Dom–ino Houses [sa]). Big opened up spaces are made use of, this
emphasizes a free interior where one is able to place partitions in order to divide up different spaces.
The empty shells allow for flexibility and

Analysis Of The Book ' Duplessis ' And ' The Great Darkness '
In the 1950's, Duplessis and is government called "Union National'' were in power in Quebec
province. That period called the Great Darkness is characterised by the fact that instead of taking a
step forward like most countries, Quebec took a big leap back. A lot of people fought back and tried
to take him out in order to stop the conservatism and to follow the path that the rest of the world was
already following. Some of those rebellious were the authors of The Total Refusal, an important
book in which figured poems, paintings, sketches and plenty other art forms. It is a renowned
document that we cannot forget. The book is a part of our story and it teaches us a valuable lesson.
The Total Refusal (or Refus global in French) changed the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It's true, the only 400 copies sold quickly and it had the effect of a bomb. The publication of the
book changed everything and wasn't a violent act of revolution. In conclusion, it was a rebellion in
the face of religion and it showed that artists were essential. Second of all, The Refus global showed
the principle of equality between sexes. Indeed, out of the fifteen people who signed the Refus
global, eight were men and seven were women. Therefore, there was almost a 50% ratio between
men and women. Above all, it marked one of the first times that women expressed themselves
publicly in a time where even men were scared of criticizing the current regime. During the Great
Darkness, people expected women to be good housewives and to erase themselves. But those
women fought and said or showed their convictions. Additionally, the seven women who signed the
Refus global were all artists, a job that was always done by men before. We just have to think of
female writers who had to write using a man's name. It was the case of Janette Bertrand, a well–
known francophone author. Women weren't perceived the same way, even Borduas admitted that, at
first, he didn't took seriously any of his female co–authors. But by working with them, he realized
that they could do the same or even better than men.

Art Analysis Of Claude Monet's The Sea At Le Havre
The Sea at Le Havre, painted by Claude Monet in 1868, is a 23 5/8" x 24 3/8" oil on canvas
landscape painting. Monet was a French artist who lived from 1840 to 1926 and was considered to
be an impressionist. A unique quality of Monet was unblended "sloppy" brushstrokes combined with
a use of precise choice of color, as seen clearly in The Sea at Le Havre. Because of his vigorous and
richly textured painting style, Monet was able to capture the look and feel of the movement of water,
which was demonstrated in The Sea at Le Havre, using an impasto style. He used erratic
brushstrokes to show the ripples of forming waves and the foam of the waves crashing on the shore.
His brushstrokes are also almost completely horizontal, which seemed to make the painting feel
heavier. In the sky, Monet used thicker, longer, and more opaque strokes, as well as of varying hues
of blue and gray, along with white, to create a look of overcast. To give the clouds fluffiness and
substance, the paint that was used for the sky was inconspicuously smudged in some places, with
more defined clouds layered overtop. The depth of the painting is attributed to his choices of color.
Black is rarely used in the painting aside from where necessary, but rather replaced with darker
shades of blue to show divots in the water, heavy clouds, and the distance of the village of houses
that line the horizon. The different shades also give a more realistic form of light to his paintings,
which was a focus of the impressionism era. His painting appears to be slightly gloomy, but doesn't
convey sadness. The piece is uniform in color, to emphasize the overcast, darkened day. Monet also
used symmetrical spacing, with the canvas split nearly in half between the sea and the sky. The only
thing that separates the sea and the sky is a piece of jutted–out land that shows he is on a gulf or an
inlet. On that piece of land, that goes a little over a third of the way onto the canvas, Monet used
heavy contrast, then continues the horizon with a slightly thick, darker blue–gray line to clearly
separate the halves of sea and sky. There are three places where it appears that Monet used black
along with darker shades of purple and blue, and each of those three places are

Le Corbusier's Self Endorsed Edict, A State Of Mind For...
Moving towards the end of the passage, Le Corbusier's final assertion in his self endorsed edict "A
state of mind for conceiving mass–production housing." Again one could argue Le Corbusier was
inferring more so to a level of thought where there is no pre conceived notion of what a home or
tower is, or even can be, only the task at hand and a mind to solve it. For instance, the 'Dom–Ino'
system (Fig 4.1) he established in 1910 while touring the AEG factory you when applied rigorously
and with strict adherence to the mindset of mass production, will inevitably reach standardization no
matter the variation. This last tenet, In particular and much like modernism itself, can be interpreted
in a multitude of ways yet with adherence to something so prescribed as the earlier excerpt is it
reinforces his order for us to accept a design seemingly devoid of feeling or form, is to look at it as
architecture, but as a singular object part of a much larger whole that only is integrated on a much
larger scale, in doing so would solve the problem at hand and to not lose sight of that.
Le Corbusier wanted architecture to be the same the world over because he believed that there was a
"correct" way to build and only he knew what the solution was. The program of the International
Congress for Modern Architecture, of which Le Corbusier was the significant proponent, states:
"Reforms are extended simultaneously to all cities, to all rural areas, across the seas." No
exceptions. "Oslo, Moscow,

The World Of Architecture And Design
Meaningful space, what is its relevance in the world of architecture and design?
A meaningful space originates from the hierarchy of form rather than aesthetic emotion. Materials
we use now are for strength not for meaningful form, spaces haven't found position of order,
integration is a way of nature and adjoining servant spaces identifies the essence of space. (A
selection of Architectural Manifestos, n.d) Le Corbusier believed architecture, sculpture and
painting are dependent on space, as he discussed in his manifesto 'Ineffable Space' in 1948.
(Gargiani Roberto, Rosellini Anna 2011) Louis Kahn, on the other hand, had a different view. In
1965–69 in his writing of 'Architecture is the thoughtful making of spaces' Kahn suggests that
meaningful form characterises space. (A selection of Architectural Manifestos n.d) Le Corbusier,
one of the pioneers for modern architecture and Kahn, one of the most influential architects from the
20th Century, had two very differing interpretations of what creates a significant space. Both
Architects had great influence on the world of architecture and design, and still their concepts are
being discussed and stimulate design today. (Oxford University Press n.d)
Kahn states that the materials we now use in architecture are known for their strength, not their
meaningful use of form. The use of steel and concrete confront us; their characteristics must be in
harmony with the spaces that want to be and evoke what spaces can be. A space in

The Basic Elements Of Architecture: Le Corbusier
"Architecture is the masterly, correct and magnificent play of masses brought together in light"
Abstract
Light is basic for space and fundamental for human prosperity and it is the accomplishment of any
building. Light quality influences human conduct, wellbeing, solace and temperament.
Light, space and human they impact and work with each other. Space needs light to enlighten; light
needs space to dwell in, light inside the space changes human experience. They are in close
connection like humans need bread or place to rest.
Mass is yet another Basic Element of Architecture and may not depend on its relation with space,
just like the Egyptian pyramids which are merely popular due to their presence.
Together all are inevitable element ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Bauhaus designed by Walter Gropius was somewhat a display of the teachings of Le Corbusier.
The use of stilt columns and horizontal striped windows was his signature style. Thus creating this
modern building a popular one.
Le Corbusier ended up being a motivation for some engineers of the present, his five focuses are
still viewed as a most extreme need. Today assembling which are being manufactured demonstrate
an indistinguishable character from of which was appeared to us by Le Corbusier.
The incorporated single–family habitation and studio–display space of House D, designed by
PAUHOF Architeckten, lays on a precarious incline inside the sloping scene of Austria. The level
band of windows that watches out onto the open rough scene offers a streamlined band of daylight
demonstrative of Le Corbusier's pioneer beliefs.
Similarly vision tectonics designed by prow architects is another specimen that uses large horizontal
windows, yet again stressing the importance of natural light inside the building. The orderly
placement of simple geometry together with the play of masses brings out the form of the building
(Coles and Reed, 1961). Shadow casts on the building due to linear edges which further gives depth
to the

Allusions In Araby Chapter 7
Chapter 7–...or the Bible In Araby, the beginning of the story starts off with a description of the
house in which the boy lives in which includes the mentioning of an apple tree alone in the middle
of the yard. The apple tree is a direct allusion to the apple tree in the Genesis story of Adam and Eve
where they lived in a garden and could not eat from the apple tree. When the narrator says, "I bore
my chalice safely through a throng of foes", the chalice represents a holy cup and him carrying it
through "a throng off foes" symbolizes him overcoming a challenge. Substitution atonement is when
someone sacrifices themselves so that others do not have to sacrifice themselves or suffer, like how
Jesus sacrificed himself to save all of us from our sins. The narrator sacrifices his time to go to the
bazaar for a girl that he has never even talked to and probably doesn't even like him. Yet, he
sacrifices his feelings and time anyway just for her. When the narrator sees the woman in the bazaar
with the two men he realizes his mistake in going there and feels betrayed by himself that he could
let himself think that going there for the girl would change anything or make her like him. Chapter
8– Hanseldee and Greteldum Fairy tales often have the same components and elements to them as
other types of literature and even movies. Alice in Wonderland is about a girl who looses her way
and must go on a journey to find herself again. She has to go through many difficulties to find her
way

Jean Valjean In Les Mis�rables
In Victor Hugo's Les Misérables the actions of main character Jean Valjean are largely influenced by
Myriel, Bishop of Digne. The book follows Jean Valjean throughout his life as an ex–convict. Due
to his criminal past he is an outcast, with little to no chance of living a meaningfull life. In this book
Jean attempts to redeem himself, help the needy, and keep his conscience pure. This progression was
all started when Myriel, Bishop of Digne gave him a straw bed to sleep on.
When he first arrives in Digne all of the townsfolk shoo him away, refusing to let a convict in their
establishments. Just when he thought he would have to walk the long journey to the next town
Myriel invites Valjean sleep in his home. During the night Jean attempts to steal the Bishop's
silverware, but is caught while escaping. When the police brought him back to the The Bishop chose
to forgive Jean. He says that the silver was not stolen, but a gift. He has Jean set free and lets him
keep the silver. Because of the Bishop's act of kindness Jean Valjean progresses from an embittered
prisoner with no hope for the future to a loving, cheerful philanthropist who thought about others
before himself. Jean Valjean leaves Digne and eventually finds his way to the town of Montreuil–
sur–mer, under the alias of Father Madeleine. Here he invents a new way of casting beads which
quickly made him extremely rich. He uses that wealth throughout the rest of his life to help the poor.
He constantly makes rounds

Les Miserables Movie Guide
Les Miserables is a movie about people with miserable lives. Each of them has a unique story that
portrays why their lives are miserable. The sacrifices and pains of the lead characters in this movie
are intense and breathtaking. Jean Valjean is a convict in a French prison. He's been serving his
sentence for 19 years for stealing a loaf of bread for the daughter of his sister that was starving to
death and trying to escape prison as well. Javert a police inspector is keen enough to hover over
prisoner 64201–Valjean. Javert then grants Valjean his parole since his sentence is over. The parole
has itineraries for which Valjean must abide at all times. It includes the yellow badge that Valjean
shall wear at all times to show people that he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She did this despite her strong feeling for Marius, she's deeply in love with him. Eponine
accompanies Marius to Cosette's place. There, Marius and Cosette confess their love to each other.
And Eponine who saw everything was really heartbroken. The Thernardiers and a few men arrived
to abduct Valjean and Cosette but as soon as they arrived the two managed to escape because
Eponine screamed to warn them. M. Thernardier hitted his daughter for betraying him. Eponine
found a note from Cosette and leaves to expresses her soliloquy on her own. Her soliloquy was very
sad and distressing. It was about how in love she is with a man but she is all alone. Marius joins an
uprising with the other radical students. They were definitely outnumbered but remained to stand
their ground because they want democracy and stop slavery. Javert pretended to be an ally but was
identified by the little boy Gavroche. Javert was apprehended by the young men and held captive.
Valjean returns to the area and discovered about the uprising. He was recognized and accepted by
the young men. He sees Javert tied up and requested to give him Javert since he did them a favor by
shooting a few French soldiers. He took Javert away and took him at the back of the house. Instead
of killing him, he spares his life. He shots a bullet in mid air so the others would think he killed him.
Later on, a large troupe of French soldiers arrives and started shooting them–bullets

What Is The Theme Of Les Miserables
The film Les Miserables is based on the musical and book with the same title. The film tells the
story of a convict named Jean Valjean. At the beginning of the film, Valjean is shown working in a
port with other inmates. Valjean and the other convicts sing the "Work Song." The song talks about
the pains of the prisoners – they are forced to work in extreme conditions, they are forgotten by their
loved ones, and they are destined to die in the prison. The song also introduces the two main
characters, Valjean and the police officer Javert. It is revealed that Valjean was imprisoned for
stealing a loaf of bread and tried to escape prison many times. Valjean is released on parole and
Javert vows to bring Valjean back to prison if he breaks the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, the common people were still afraid to join in the revolution. People did not join the
students; forcing the students to fight to the death. After an attack, Eponine, disguised as a man, is
shot and Marius tends to her. Eponine uses her dying breath to confess her love for Marius.
Together, the two sing "A Little Fall of Rain." A sad song that chronicles Eponine's last few
moments with the love of her life. A series of attacks on the students ensues and a lot of things
happened during the attacks– many students are killed, Valjean and Javert spare each other, and
Marius and Cosette finally reunites and marry. Because of the bravery of the students, the common
people were inspired to join in the revolution. They saw that the revolution can really change
something and they wanted to be a part of it. At the end of the film, "Do You Hear the People Sing?"
is sung again, this time by a lot of revolutionaries who want change. The musical score helped the
movie have a more dramatic feel. The movie showed the life in France before and during the French
Revolution. People from different walks of life were portrayed, each of them singing their own
song. The songs and music in this film were instrumental in conveying the feelings and emotions of
the characters to the

Analysing Villa Savoye
INTRODUCTION:
Swiss–French writer, painter and mostly self–taught architect Le Corbusier was one of the pioneers
of what is now called Modern architecture or the International style. He is best known for his
architectural projects and theoretical thought.
(Liukkonen, P. 2008. Creative Commons Nimeä–Epäkaupallinen–Ei muutettuja teoksia 1.0 Suomi.)
Believing that architecture is a combination of simple forms and utilitarian needs he created "a
machine for living in".
(MATTHEW, K. 1994. GREAT BUILDINGS COLLECTION. Artifice, Inc.)
Figure 1: Le Corbusier
(JSVisuals. 2010. Mtanga. JSVisuals.)
Figure 1: Le Corbusier
(JSVisuals. 2010. Mtanga. JSVisuals.)
In one of his books Le Corbusier wrote "Working by calculation, engineers employ ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(INFORMATION PLEASE. 2000. Cubist Theory. Information Please Pearson Education.)
Cubism or purism is reflected in the Villa Savoye by its relation to a cubist painting. It had scattered,
versatile spaces, sharp edges, smooth–surfaces, geometric volumes are used. In the villa Savoye this
is translated through rectangular blocks of concrete, steel, and glass. Also in the fact that the Villa
Savoye was designed to be viewed in multiple perspectives, like a cubist or purist painting that was
fragmented into various segments to show the multiple views. Cubist painting should be viewed as
several experiences placed together to show a sequence of events. Much like the Villa Savoye, this
was meant to be experienced like a motion picture. Uninterrupted frames of contrasting, flexible
rooms. You were meant to walk through and experience it as a whole, whilst appreciating the
individuality and versatility of each space. The continuation of the transparent materials, applied in
the ribbon windows and sliding doors is a feature also seen in purism or cubism. As well as creating
regularity of geometric shapes. The purity in the sense of colour and ornaments within the Villa
Savoye also represents Cubism. The plane white exterior walls and generally neutral colour scheme
on the interior is typical of purism; Le Corbusier's interpretation of cubism. Clean, subtle, simple
elements make this Cubist villa stand out in Le Corbusier's architecture.
(Au, F. 2008. Le Corbusier. Gather

Graphic Imagery And Designs Evolve Until Production
The process towards architectural construction takes on many forms, including various design
stages. The graphic imagery and designs evolve until production begins. There are undoubtedly
many considerations into a building's design, which stresses their representation as even more
important and influential to its potential construction. Elevation drawings and plans lay out the
details of construction, they are useful to ensure the structure adheres to any local codes, however
more detailed drawings are required for construction known as final renderings.1 Drawings are
therefore a fundamental form of documentation that informs a building 's production. On the other
hand, the emergence of archigram in the post–war era encouraged the imagination and was a
platform that challenged previous form of representation. Archigram placed as much influence on
the context of the building and depicting its urban surrounding as much as emphasising the building
itself. In addition, architectural photography provoked the emergence of modern forms and
structures; however, contextualizing buildings within the image was unnecessary. It was believed
that architecture could reform people– architecture is the art one lives in and thus rational design
could make rational societies.2 This idea was very much a driving force of representation which
drawings, photography and archigram intended to reform their urban landscape. Unlike detailed
drawing which provided an insight into the scale and

Chuorinkan and Kignae Houses in Tokoyo, Japan Essay
Both the Chuorinkan house and the Koganei house are in the To kyo suburbs and were designed at
about the same time. Though they differ structurally and visually, they represent one approach to the
problems they involve. The starting points of both are deliberate quotations and reorganizations of
architectural compositional elements that can be called representative of the early modern period. I
have used the same kind of design approach in other works. For example quotations from motifs
used by Le Corbusier and Charles Rennie Mackintosh are found in the interior of PMT Building No.
1 (JA, September, 1978). Project W and PMT Building No. 2 entail reorganizations of elements
from Le Corbusier's La Roche–Jeanneret House in Paris. And the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The coverings of the two houses are different, but both follow the basic modern architectural
principles of free interior planning determined on the basis of function and facades independent of
the interior. The discrepancy between planning and facade inevitably arises from the two demands
imposed on houses today. First, from the outside they must symbolize the idea of «house.» Second,
on the inside, they must be places for daily living. These two houses result from a process of
evolving single spaces without annulling the basic contradiction inherent in the two demands.
The presence and absence of ornamentation markedly contrast the two houses. Stereotyped,
uniplanar ornaments distinguish the Chuori n kan house. The double crisscross grilles in doors and
windows are based on the supports of the punched aluminum rain sutters. Stripes in the exterior
walls suggest columns. Inside circular and curved lines are repeated in the round window in the
master bedroom and in the bench back and the round table in the I iving room. These designs are not
quotations from any specific architecture but completely ordinary applications of stereotyped motifs.
Practically the only ornamental touch in the Koganei house is the horizontal strip windows. They are
considered ornament in this case because they have transcended the personal style of Le Corbusier,
who emp loyed them in his early period, and have become universally recognized symbols of the
socalled international style. Elements

Human Nature In Victor Hugo's Les Miserables
I agree with the statement that in the novel Les Miserables, the author Victor Hugo is trying to say
that human nature is basically good. In the most basic sense, the definition of good trying to do the
right thing, even if there are negative consequences. It often means having to sacrifice and give up
something to do the right thing. Throughout the book, many characters sacrifice their happiness and
morals in order to do what they believe is the right and fair thing. Even when faced with serious
consequences for being honest, characters more often than not still choose to do the right thing.
Some may argue that Victor Hugo is saying that human nature is basically evil because some
characters commit evil actions. However, in most cases, characters don't always have evil intentions,
their execution is just poor and makes them seem evil. Everyone thinks of themselves as a hero,
almost everything a character does is because that's what they believe is the right thing to do.
Whether or not it really is could be up for debate but for the most part, most characters don't have
evil intentions and attempt to usually do the right thing. Victor Hugo is saying that as a whole,
human nature is inherently good. Hugo is saying that human nature is basically good. An example of
this being proved is on page 362, "'From what motive, indeed, does this convict come and say: I am
a convict? Well yes! the motive is strange. It is from honor.'" When Marius married Cosette, Jean
Valjean didn't have to tell Marius the truth about who he was. He could have easily continued to let
Marius believe he was Monsieur Fauchelevent, lived happily in Marius' household without having
to ever mutter the name Jean Valjean. But he knew it wouldn't be right to do that so he couldn't.
Even though he had to give up the ideal life, Jean Valjean came clean about his past because that's
what he believed was the right thing to do. Telling the truth came with very harsh consequences and
Jean Valjean did it willingly. No one was forcing him to tell Marius about his past, nobody suspected
him of being anything less than Cosette's father, everyone in the household respected and loved him.
Jean Valjean didn't want to deceive Marius and lie to him so he had

Lei Miserables
Louiemar C. Francisco
BSA 2–3
"Look down, and show, some mercy if you can. Look down, look down, upon your fellow man" –
lei miserables I remember this line at the start of the movie and this make me say "wow" without
thinking. My favorite movies are those that there are slaves and they will rise and revenge to their
masters, something like that. And with that song, I got a clue that lei miserables would be one of my
favorites. Honestly I have not read the story of lei miserables that's why I don't know if I could I
understand the movie. Luckily, my brother watched with me and he narrates me the story while I am
watching it so I am able to understand the story. The actors and actresses were able to portray their
roles in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But for Mr. Marius, even though he didn't know the name of the girl (Cosette) he already fell in love
with her that he sent his last words before their battle with the national guards. The bishop, Myriel,
that even though Jean Valjean stole some valuable items from his church, he still receives him and
promise him to raise as an honest man. This part of the movie almost makes my tears fell to the
ground. I hope that there are many more characters that show this love. Lastly the most important is
the love for God. Jean valjean showed this after the part that he stole some items from the church.
He realized what he had done and willing to give his life on the beliefs and principles of God. For
me a man does not fear anything but a real man fear only one and that is God. I want to emphasize
also the role of Mr. Javert, ( the policeman that constantly looking for Jean Valjean ). It is a strong
character that believes on the enforcement of law and justice and he consider Mr. Jean Valjean's
escape as an affront to justice. I thought he will chase jean until the end of the movie but he commit
his suicide when he realize that jean was a different person now. That he was chasing the wrong
man. In short Lei Miserables is a must watch

Modernism in Architecture
Throughout history there have been many styles of architecture such as Greek, Roman, and Gothic
which were designed to be suitable and representative to their time periods. As architecture moved
towards a more secular epoch and away from the romance and traditions of earlier epochs,
modernism became the new style (Rohe, 246). With the rise of this new style people began to
wonder how modern architecture should be designed and whether older epochs should be used as
precedents. In The Artless Word: Mies van der Rohe on the Building Art, Mies van der Rohe
describes how modern architecture should be designed based on the present epoch, be true to its
purpose, and make use of modern technology. The significance of earlier architecture is that the
buildings by nature are impersonal works of entire eras (Rohe, 245). These buildings are pure
representatives of the earlier epochs that symbolize the culture and style of the era. "All building art
arises out of its own epoch and can only manifest itself in addressing vital tasks with the means of
its own time" (245). The romance and traditions of past epochs have become meaningless in the
modern age. For example, symbolism through grand embellishments which were once the noblest
function of fine art and consider great components of architecture have become tasteless (Gropius,
49). "Modern building art refuses to play a mere decorative role in our life" and want to leave the
aesthetic traditions of the past (Rohe, 241). Therefore, in

Essay Urban Deisgn
Urban design continues to exist in our everyday lives. The elegance of buildings and their
architectural structure stand out in cities competing to show their uniqueness and radiance. Not
every urban design can show off their styles. The buildings people pass by in every day urban areas
manage to connect with people. The urban design has different forms; it can be either contemporary
or futuristic. It is interesting to investigate about just how futuristic can a design be and how
acceptable it can become to the public. In other words, the adaptation of the urban design is a critical
challenge to how well the architectural creation can survive the judgments and the modern
conception in the society regarding the constructions.
So how is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the gift of its designers and makers to the future. Urban design is essentially an ethical effort,
inspired by the vision of public art and architecture and reified by the science of construction." In
other words, urban design has this kind of approach and effect that it is not only visually pleasing
but also lively.
In addition, urban design is a profession that concerns ideas and possibilities in creative articulation
of space in this kind of field. In short, it shapes environments with the experiential quality of the
physical forms and spaces. The creation of space in urban design is also regarded as the most
prominent aspect of urban design. The artistic principles that are an part of creating form and spatial
definition consists of multiple elements such as order, unity, balance, scale, symmetry, rhythm,
contrast, and texture, etc. With the elements all combined together, it creates a stunning scene of
beauty. Not surprisingly, like indicated before, urban design involves place–making, the creation of
a setting that imparts a sense of place to an area. This process of place–making is achieved by
establishing unique architecture in neighborhood to make it identifiable. The lovely vistas,
identifiable landmarks and focal points, and a human element established by compatible scales of
development

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