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The Use of Asbestos by the United States Military Other Than Navy
- 1. #ACIAsbestos ACI’s17th NationalAdvancedForumonAsbestos Claims&Litigation Mark C. Greene Banker Lopez Gassler P.A. 501 East Kennedy Boulevard Suite 1500 Tampa, FL 33602 813-221-1500 813-222-3066 (FAX) mgreene@bankerlopez.com The Use of Asbestos by the United States Military Other Than Navy June 26-27, 2014 Tweeting about this conference?
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- 4. #ACIAsbestos I. INTRODUCTION • Navy Specifications (NAVSPECS) are really Federal Specifications and apply to all branches of the United States Military (MILSPECS) • Used extensively by United States Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and the National Guard • Components in Airplanes, Tanks, Missiles, Grenades, and Various Ammunition
- 6. #ACIAsbestos Marine Corps Women’s School Camp Lejeune, NC Sept 1943 (Barrack Piping)
- 14. #ACIAsbestos Engineer Training Center US Army Corp of Engineers Butzbach, Germany July, 1946
- 16. #ACIAsbestos US Army Boiler Room Location Unknown September 1956 (JM 85% MAG BLOCK INSULATION BOX)
- 19. #ACIAsbestos II. Examples of Asbestos Products Used by the Non-Navy Personnel • Wire used in jets and propeller planes • Asphalt cements and asphalt shingles used in extensively throughout military bases • Firebrick, insulation and millboard • Vehicles, tanks and trucks, including brakes, gaskets, transmission bands and clutches • Clothing, gloves, suits and other protective fire gear • HVAC duct vibration dampers • Aircraft brakes and heat shields • Cockpit cooling systems for Air Force helicopters
- 20. #ACIAsbestos II. Examples of Asbestos Products Used by the Non-Navy Personnel • Exhaust cones in Air Force turbo jet engines • Packing used in airplane ignition systems • Fiber composite insulation for rocket motors • Machine gun hot barrel gauntlet gloves • Acid proofing on chemical tanks • Spray coatings on B-52 bombers • Gas mask filters • Marine Corp berets • Ammunition wadding • Torpedoes • Bedding compounds
- 21. #ACIAsbestos II. Examples of Asbestos Products Used by the Non-Navy Personnel All modes of transportation used by the military including tanks, automobiles, trucks, jeeps and aircraft contained asbestos components
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- 28. #ACIAsbestos II. Examples of Asbestos Products Used by the Non-Navy Personnel • Buildings located on facility bases • The military required specific products to be used in military installations nationwide • The Government had specifications for gaskets, felts, roofing shingles, cement, gloves, cloth, packings, insulation board, insulation block and blankets, paper, wick, tape, drywall, joint compound and even sewer pipe
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- 30. #ACIAsbestos III. Military Jobs Encountering Asbestos Containing Materials • Aviation machinist mate – would use clamps with asbestos pads to repair high temperature areas in jets and helicopters • Depot mechanics – would use standard friction products • Metal smiths and welders – asbestos blankets or sheets to protect themselves from the heat of welding torches • Tank Loaders and artillery men – used asbestos gloves to handle hot cartilages ejected from guns
- 31. #ACIAsbestos III. Military Jobs Encountering Asbestos Containing Materials •National Guardsmen • 9/11 Twin Tower Attacks • Peacekeeping Missions to Bosnia, Kosovo, Somalia • War Torn Buildings in Iraq and Afghanistan
- 32. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found
- 33. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found •Chanute Air Force Base • Located in Rantoul, Illinois • 6,000 Feet of Asbestos-Laden Steam Pipes were removed • The pipes connected the abandoned former Air Force steam plant with three other Chanute Buildings
- 34. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found • Fort Campbell Army Base • Located on the border between Tennessee and Kentucky • Building materials containing asbestos included: • Floor Sheeting - Cement Pipes - Flex Duct Joint Compound – Insulation – Roofing Felt Pipe Insulation – Fire Door Insulation – Stage Curtains – Acoustical tile – Floor Tile - Transite pipe/board – Ceiling Tile – Flashing Tar – Fire Blankets – Heat Shields – Safes – Fire Cabinets – Seam Paste – Gloves - Glazing
- 35. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found •Fort Knox • Located near Louisville, Kentucky • Asbestos used extensively to insulate boiler rooms • Asbestos also found in large amounts in mess halls and sleeping quarters
- 36. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found •Fort Bliss Military Housing • Located in El Paso County, Texas • When waterlines ruptured, repair workers discovered that the waterlines were insulated with asbestos • Of the 146 homes, which all appear to have asbestos insulation, 92 required immediate asbestos removal • http://www.asbestos.net/newsroom/news/ 2011/02/24/asbetos-removal-at-fort-bliss- military housing
- 37. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found •Camp Roberts • Located near San Miguel, California • Nearly all of the old green-roofed structures at Camp Roberts contained Asbestos • This includes barracks, mess halls, chapels, supply rooms and administration offices • Asbestos was used in roofing shingles, ceiling tile, floor tile, plaster and wall board, steam and water pipe insulation and as electrical insulation
- 38. #ACIAsbestos IV. Bases Where Asbestos Has Been Found • Marine Recuperation Barracks • Located in Klamath Falls, Oregon • During construction of barracks, over 1,533 tons of asbestos was used in building materials for the construction of over 80 buildings • The barracks were eventually torn down and houses were built on the property • In 2001, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality received a complaint of two large piles of asbestos insulated pipe on the surface of a lot being developed • Over 57 tons of asbestos-containing material was removed but the asbestos cleanup is ongoing
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- 43. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents
- 44. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • War Department Technical Bulletin TB MED 223 • June 21, 1946 • Specifically lists asbestos as a pneumoconiosis- producing dust • Avoidance practices discussed • List of approved respirators are also provided for different exposure scenarios
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- 49. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • Wright-Paterson Air Force Base Regulation Regarding Personal Protective Equipment • 1949 Air Force Regulation • Requires the use of asbestos containing coats and aprons, clothing and headgear when exposed to heat, spark or hot material hazards
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- 53. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • Air Force Pamphlet 160-6-1A • Published October 6, 1952 for the first time • Establishes a threshold limit value for asbestos exposure of 5 M.P.P.C.F.
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- 60. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Standard 161-4 • Predates October 1976 • PEL is listed at two fibers per cubic centimeter of air • Discusses engineering controls • Mandatory use of various respirators for exposures above the PEL • Medical surveillance and examinations were mandatory • Employee medical records maintained a minimum of 40 years • Army War College issued similar document on December 29, 1983
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- 63. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents •The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • March 23, 1998 • Technical Bulletin 420-70-8 • 194-Page document encompasses all aspects of asbestos remediation on facilities owned, managed or controlled by the Army
- 64. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • Several types of ACM are specifically addressed and diagrammed • Pipe lagging, boiler lagging, spray-on fireproofing (Limpet spray), plasters, floor tile, roofing felts, wall paints and even fire doors • Contains a list of asbestos containing materials found in Army Buildings with the approximate asbestos content and the years installed
- 65. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • Requires drafting of an asbestos management plan for each facility owned • Mandates site inspections of each building and structure • Analyzing bulk samples • Assembling a database
- 66. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • The total amount of asbestos-containing material identified in linear feet or square feet • ACM Checklist required • Sent to a Certified laboratory
- 67. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • Polarized microscopy (PLM), dispersion staining, x-ray defraction analysis, scanning and electronic microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry • Chapter 12 of the directive deals in part with record keeping
- 68. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • “It is essential that a complete record of the asbestos abatement project be assembled and then maintained by the AMT (Asbestos Management Team)” • “All records pertaining to an asbestos abatement should be kept in a permanent file and maintained indefinitely” • Records required to be kept include: notifications to the EPA and OCHA, specifications, air sampling reports, project plans and specifications, waste handling and disposal
- 69. #ACIAsbestos V. Examples of Military Documents • The United States Army Installation Asbestos Management Program • Appendix B – Listing of Governmental locations where records may be kept • Appendix C – ACM Check list with detailed information for each product analyzed
- 70. #ACIAsbestos VI. Practice Pointers • Plaintiffs should be thoroughly questioned at deposition about their specific job duties in the military, the products that they encountered, the tools that they used and the machines they operated • Specific barrack locations, office locations, building locations, and every installation where the Plaintiff was stationed should be examined • Thereafter the practitioner can search the base for asbestos remediation information and potentially obtain information from the United States Government through a Freedom of Information Request • Give consideration to removing the case under Federal Enclave and/or Federal Officer Jurisdiction
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