Fish Feel Pain Fact Or Fiction

Fish Feel Pain Fact or Fiction
Research shows that fish respond to painful stimuli in a manner that is not just a simple reflex. In the
article "Hooked on a Myth" by Victoria Braithwaite, biologists say "We shouldn't be so quick to
believe that fish don't feel pain." The Standing Committee of the European Convention for the
Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes explains, "The skin of the fish is the first line of
defence against disease and provides protection from the environment. It contains sensory receptors
for touch, pressure and pain." In his book Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling
Good, animal behaviorist Jonathan Balcombe, explains how fish are falsely, yet "commonly denied
feeling" perhaps because of "their relative lack of facial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other experiments have found that fish learn to avoid unpleasant stimuli such as electric shocks, and
piercing of their lips by sharp hooks. Recent research has demonstrated that fish have nociceptors,
receptors on the skin that preferentially detect noxious, potentially painful stimuli. These
nociceptors are similar to those found in mammals.
Also areas of the brain, such as the forebrain and midbrain which are important in mammalian pain
processing, are active during the application of painful stimuli. Suspension of normal behaviour and
adverse changes are also exhibited by fish subject to painful stimulus in which is dramatically
reduced by the use of painkillers or analgesia. These results suggest that painful, noxious stimulation
is important to fish. In 2009, Applied Animal Behaviour Science reported on a study of
unanesthetized goldfish conducted by Purdue University's Department of Animal Sciences,
describes that "The goldfish that did not get morphine experienced this painful, stressful event. Then
two hours later, they turned that pain into fear like we do."
As John Webster, Professor of Animal Husbandry of the University of Bristol argues, "to say that a
fish cannot feel pain because it doesn't have a neocortex is like saying it cannot breathe because it
doesn't have lungs." But simply, fish possess pain receptors, their brains produce natural painkillers
called endogenous opioids and they avoid noxious and threatening stimuli. Such behaviors
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The And Estuaries During The Gulf Coast Essay
The marshlands and estuaries located throughout the Gulf Coast provide important breeding grounds
and nurseries for the fishing and shrimping industries. In 2008, according to the National Marine
Fisheries Service, the commercial fish and shellfish harvest from the five U.S. Gulf states was
estimated to be 1.3 billion pounds valued at $661 million. "Oil spills are extremely harmful to
marine life when they occur and often for years or even decades later," said Jacqueline Savitz, a
marine scientist and climate campaign director at Oceana, an environmental group. She said spills
could coat sea birds and limit their flying ability and damage fisheries by injuring marine organism
's systems related to respiration, vision and reproduction. Savitz said that the Gulf of Mexico is host
to four species of endangered sea turtles and bluefin tuna, snapper and grouper. "Each of these can
be affected," she said. "Turtles have to come to the surface to breathe and can be coated with oil or
may swallow it." And, she added, the Gulf is one of only two nurseries for bluefin tuna, more than
90 percent of which return to their place of birth to spawn.
BP being the responsible party had the liability to bear all the costs and organizational duties
associated with the cleanup effort while the Coast guard monitored and approved the things. Part of
BPs liability depended on how much oil has been leaked. Therefore, it was in the financial interest
of the company to do everything it could do to:

Single Species Conservation Literature Review, Great White...
SINGLE SPECIES CONSERVATION LITERATURE REVIEW, GREAT WHITE SHARK.
The purpose of this literature review is to investigate how Geographical Information Science (GIS)
is or could be incorporated into conservation management of the Great white shark (Carcharodon
carcharias). The reason for selecting the Great white shark as a single species to investigate, is that it
is listed in the International Union for Conservation (IUCN) red list as vulnerable. They are
vulnerable due to years of being hunted by man for fins and teeth, and often as a trophy for sport
fishing, they are often caught as bycatch by commercial fisheries and can also become entangled in
gillnets that protect beaches in shark control programs as well as culling. Adding to the importance
to conserve this species the white sharks grow slowly, mature late, and the female does not
reproduce every year and produces relatively few number of offspring during her lifetime.
Vulnerability due to low numbers and low reproduction rate is only part of the problem the main
reason to protect this species as well as other sharks is that the Great White shark is an apex
predator. Apex predators maintain the balance of food webs. They keep many marine populations in
the proper proportion, avoiding that they becoming too populous and cause harm to ecosystems
(Newton et al., 2006; Frid et al., 2007). Top predators like the Great white sharks eat the
weaker/slower and sick individuals of their prey 's populations, inducing the

Law Of The Seas Memo
Law of the Seas Memo
Marine Langreney
History
The freedom of the seas doctrine was created in the 17th century as a means to control rights over
ocean space. The doctrine assigned national rights to areas controlled by limited belts, with the
remaining being assigned as a public space, free to all nations. By the mid–20th century, technology
became more advanced and the ocean's resources became vulnerable to the innovations. Rising
conflicts occurred over ocean reserves, from decreasing fish stocks to pollution left by long–distance
boats and oil tankers. Tension was rising from Navies of powerful nations, and were now competing
for control over these resources. There was a clear demand for power and presence over marine
resources. Oceans were becoming a new area of conflict, and the freedom of the seas doctrine was
too outdated to keep up with these new troubles.
It wasn't until 1945, when President Harry Truman extended sovereignty over the entire continental
shelf extended from the United States, that other countries took note and followed. This was the first
instance where the freedom of seas was being challenged, and his success lead to many countries
claiming similar territories. Argentina was the first country to follow, and claimed its own
continental shelf along with the one that lay above. Chile, Peru and Ecuador followed, but had
claimed a zone of 200 miles. This came out of fear for their decreasing fish stocks, as they wanted to
limit the number of

Fishing, Celebes Sea, By The Sea
Fishing, Celebes Sea
In the middle of the ocean, all that can be seen is miles and miles of the alluring ocean. The color of
the waves are a spectacular mix of a light green, an astonishing teal, and the amazing darkness of the
blue. The tides lightly brushing against the welcoming homes of all the nice people. In the small
boat ahead contains an innocent child with his mother outside what can only be their house. The
pleasant subtlety of the sea breeze peacefully floating in the air causes relaxation that cannot be
helped.
If you look up you can see the beautiful sky extending as far as the eye can see. The clouds soaring
into the distance beautifly. The mountains in the distance, elegantly sitting in the distance. The birds
chirping their song in mid day. This place gives a sense of Everything that can be seen is beautiful.
The wind blows constantly, causing sea mist to blow in the faces of the fishermen. Underneath the
boat is the clear, blue water with fish swimming, clueless, without a care in the world. The air has
the taste of salt and freshly caught fish. And the The smell is unmistakeable, with a hint of seaweed.
In the distance, great hills covered by clouds can be seen. Houses gather close by above the water.
People could almost say that the houses are floating. Millions of people gather in small boats,
waiting patiently for the single movement of their fishing wire. Every once in awhile, someone 's
laughter can be heard above the sound of the small,

Trifles In Susan Glaspell's A Jury Of Her Peers
"A Jury of Her Peers," a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917, is an example of early
feminist literature. The female characters, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, are able to solve the mystery
of who murdered John Wright while their male counterparts could not. This short story had been
adapted from Glaspell's one–act play Trifles written the previous year. The play consists of the same
characters and plot line as the story. In both works, Glaspell depicts how the men, Sheriff Peters, Mr.
Hale, and County Attorney, disregard the most important area in the house, the kitchen, when it
comes to their investigation. In the end, the women are the ones who find the clues that lead to the
conclusion that Minnie Wright, John Wright's wife, murdered him. Both of Glaspell's female
characters illustrate the ability to step into a male dominated profession by taking on the role of
detective. According to Critical Theory Today: A User–Friendly Guide written by Lois Tyson, a
reader–response critique focuses on an individual's response to a literary text. Reader–response
criticism "maintains that what a text is cannot be separated from what it does" (Tyson 170). There
are several different approaches to reader–response theory that I would be applying, such as
transactional reader response theory and affective stylistics. Firstly, transactional reader–response
theory "analyzes the transaction between text and reader" in which the text stimulates the "feelings,
associations, and

Reader Response to James Joyce's The Dead Essays
Reader Response to Joyce's The Dead
James Joyce's story "The Dead" has a tremendous impact on the
readers, especially those who are familiar with the political situation in
Ireland at the time about which the Joyce wrote the final story in
Dubliners. In exploring the meaning of James Joyce's long short–story,
"The Dead", there are many critical approaches to take. Each approach
gives readers a lens, a set of guidelines through which to examine and
express ideas of the meaning of "The Dead." Joyce himself said that the
idea of paralysis was the intended theme of all the stories in The Dubliners
of which "The Dead" is the final story.
Of all critical approaches, reader ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(138)
The images reflect Gabriels ego in a sense, at the same for his
marital relationship, and at the end death, which may not be physical but
spiritual. Gabriel who is tallish and stout symbolizes authority and also
wants to be perfect for all times. He has a mental block, which makes him
believe that he is more superior and different than others are. He's built
a screen around himself, which stops him from identifying himself with the

"Common Man." The "...polished lenses and the bright gilt rims of the
glasses which screened his delicate and restless eyes...."(23,24). This
image perhaps tells us that the glasses are the screen that partition his
vision from the vision of others.
Joyce's intended theme of paralysis is exemplified in the
symbolization of snow. In the story, snow has a major role as it
symbolizes the political situation at the same time where everything was
cold and dead due to the political uncertainty at the time. Snow also
plays a major role as it interprets the reader to be on the alert, as
things at the end are not going to be as smooth as Gabriel had predicted.
This seen in the shift of mood when after the party had concluded, Gabriel
and his wife are heading towards the hotel and he's in a very

Examples Of Racism In This Is England
The film "This is England" is a movie about twelve year old Shaun growing up and trying to fit in
with the local skinheads. The film takes place during 1983 in a small town in England. The eighties
in England was a time under Thatcher's government, and society was deeply affected by how
Thatcher had governed the country. The Thatcher years had caused a lot of problems for the working
class like unemployment, poverty, racism, and people were angered by the unnecessary Falkland
war. All of these factors that Thatcher's government induced is well depicted in the movie, but is the
film's portrayal of life under Thatcher's government an accurate portrayal?
High unemployment, poverty and immigration were all factors that lead to a rise in racism and hate
crimes in England in the eighties. Many white working class youth were angry and resentful due to
the lack of jobs and the bad conditions they suffered and this often turned into racial hatred. One of
the main characters, Combo, is in fact young and part of the working class, and the movie gives a
great insight into how society at that time caused a lot of hate towards immigrant. Combos racism is
caused by him believing that all the immigrants can just walk into the England, get a flat for their
family and then take away the jobs from ethnic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in 1982 and Thatcher used that opportunity to play the part
of a heroic war leader, some people praised her, while most of the working class felt the whole war
in itself was absolutely unneeded. In the film Shaun's father was killed in the conflict with
Argentina, and in real life many people like Shaun's father lost their life or a loved one in this war.
There is a lot of talk about the war in the film, Combo talks about it being a total waste of time and
lives. The working class discontent only grew stronger towards Thatcher due to the Falkland

Marine Biology Project Is The Great White Shark
The topic I choose for the final marine biology project is the Great White Shark. The reason I
choose this topic is because sharks have always been in the back of my head and would really like to
learn more about them. People are usually scared to go into the ocean at the beach and I would like
to know more about the creature that caused this. The Great White is very important to Marine
Biology and to the marine environments because it is at the top of the food chain. The Great White
does not have any known natural predators other than the Orca Whale. If this shark becomes
endangered or goes extinct, the population of the seals, sea lions, and other animals that it often
feeds on would skyrocket. These animals would then eat themselves out, thus changing the whole
ecosystem around them. So basically, the Great White Shark cannot be removed without the whole
marine ecosystem becoming disturbed and unbalanced. That 's why they are now being protected in
a lot of places. Great Whites are carnivorous sharks that grow from 15 to 20 feet long; their size is
relatable to a school bus. They weigh 5,000 pounds or more and they are listed endangered by the
World Wildlife Foundation. They have gray upper bodies to blend in with the coastal ocean floor
below them and they get their name from their universally white underbellies. Their torpedo shaped
body and strong tail muscles can help them propel through the water at speeds up to 15 miles per
hour.
When accelerating to attack prey

Implicit Bias Analysis
Implicit Biases in Reader Response
Reading Jane Austen has never appealed to me. The combination of dated prose, a general aversion
to plots I deemed to be "too romantic", and my viewing of the film adaptations were enough to keep
me away from her novels. When I was asked to read Persuasion for a class, I was hesitant and
unwilling to fully engage with the material. This prevented me from enjoying the book fully. I didn't
quite know what was holding me back from enjoying the book, but I knew that it was something
more than my explicit biases against Austen. After a little reflection, I realized that my implicit
biases were shaping my reading of Austen. My implicit bias against a novel and author that I
perceived as overly feminine was coloring how I was interacting with and what messages I was
taking from Persuasion (Austen).
Implicit biases are the unconscious attitudes that shape our thoughts, actions, and beliefs (Banaji and
Greenwald 46; Staats et al. 10; Schneider 169).Their impact is important to study because implicit
biases shape our responses to situations. Reader response theory examines how a reader responds to
a given text. Theorists such as Jauss and Eco include concepts that implicit bias can and should be
built into. Jauss' horizons examine how our experiences, expectations, culture, and place in time
shape how we react and create meaning. Though implicit bias is not noted in Jauss' formulation of
the horizon, it should be considered as it shapes our

Stanley Fish Free Speech Essay
Does Free Speech really exist? Fish Argues in his essay for the non–existence of free speech and the
impossibility of attaining this concept. The essay, There's no such thing as free speech. And it's a
good thing too by Stanley Fish, criticises culture at large on its ideological battles by redefining the
terms of its reliance on free speech. But how well do the ideas in the essay hold up in real life
situations? The essay argues that free speech is what remains after a regulatory body adjudicates on
what is not permissible as free speech. Compared to a case study on free speech do the ideas argued
from the essay hold up or break down?
Fish argues that free speech is not a value that is threatened by limitations and constraints. But is
rather a product of such limitations already in place. These limitations give us the illusion of
freedom of speech, and we are just operating inside these constraints freely. An example is a case
study on a Turkish writer and Journalist, Temel Dermirer, where he was taken to trial over a speech
against the January 2007 murder of Hrant Dink. Where he said: "I invite all here to commit a crime.
Yes, there was an Armenian genocide in this country." And urged Turkish intellectuals to commit
"this crime of 301, 301 times" or they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The state immediately declares that this case should be exempt from freedom of speech protection,
because "of course we didn't mean you could speak against the state"–an expression from myself.
This hold up very well with Fish's ideas about free speech. This lack of clarity when it comes to
what can or cannot be said and determining when and what speech to protect is what undermines the
authenticity of free speech. Fish says "Like free speech a category that includes everything and
nothing" Page 115 Line 4, it does not exist. Thus saying that a case should be exempted from having
free speech protection proves then that it cannot exist. Because then what is allowed and what is not

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay
"It is through literature that we learn about life. Through literature we profit from the experiences of
others, comparing them with our own." – Bob Cameron The essay question: Using reader–response
theory and the quote by Bob Cameron, discuss how effectively Mitch Albom, author of Tuesdays
with Morrie, uses plot and story, character development, point of view, theme, and symbols to
convey his mesage. Include your personal thoughts and views, as well as textual references, to
support your opinions. In Mitch Albom's Tuesday's with Morrie, Albom detailed his personal
experiences with his professor Morrie Schwartz. Mitch also expressed how influential Morrie was to
his friends, relatives, patients, and coworkers. Within this essay, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Within the memoir, Morrie and Mitch were the main rounded characters, while a flat character was
any character other than Mitch and Morrie such as their friends, family, and coworkers. If the author
could have developed some of the flat characters the reader would have profited from their
experiences. Of the flat characters, Morrie's family required the greatest need for the development
from flat to round since they spent the most time with Morrie and were most likely suffering from
more emotional pain than Mitch. However, considering Cameron's quote, if the flat characters were
to even be developed, then that may have taken away from the underlying plot, theme, or even
Morrie and Mitch's relationship. The point of view was exclusively presented through Mitch. Mitch
had the ability to communicate Morrie's perception, how Mitch described himself, and how Mitch
compared himself before and after Morrie's death. Mitch described Morrie's personality and how he
had felt about things by describing most of his earlier experiences with Morrie and by describing his
personality after Morrie had been diagnosed with ALS. Throughout the memoir, Mitch characterized
his personality as being a person who "never [cried]" (51), "traded lots of dreams for a bigger
paycheck, and... never... realized

Environmental History Of The Oceans And Seas
Environmental history of the oceans and seas are daunting topics, either because of the vastness of
the oceans and seas, the artificial boundaries, or their seemingly changelessness. Until about 1990,
with Arthur McEvoy's The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and the Law in California Fisheries,
1850–1980, historians largely ignored marine ecosystems as areas of research. Focusing instead on
inland fisheries, environmental historians have still had to be "exhorted... to embrace this
opportunity" of expanding the discourse of human impacts on marine environments. Scientists,
anthropologists, archeologists, and historical ecologists have thus far dominated the production of
knowledge concerning historical and current marine ecosystems. In ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Through a compilation of scholars, Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems attempts to
show how human disturbance of marine ecosystems in ancient populations. Ranging from
Caribbean, North American Pacific, North Atlantic, and Mediterranean, Human Impacts examines
archeological and historical ecological data and case studies from "around the world to summarize
the history of human coastal occupation, environmental change, and human impacts in their area."
Similarly, in Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems, Jeremy Jackson
et al. highlights through paleoecological, archeological, and historical data that aboriginals
extensively fished coastal ecosystems, resulting in damaged ecosystems. Through the use of
archeological and historical data, these scholars challenge the "supposedly superior ecological
wisdom of non–Western and precolonial societies." These scholars highlight the damages and
exploitation of early human societies on marine ecosystems. However, the data surrounding
aboriginal impacts on early marine ecosystems is scarce resulting in fewer scholarly articles on the
subject.
Beginning in

Management Plan For Salmon 's Alaskan And North Pacific...
BSC3052 – Conservation Biology
Management Plan for Salmon in Alaskan & North Pacific Ecosystems
It comes as no surprise that salmon are one of the most sought after species of fish in the world for
human consumption. Because of this, heavy industry and markets have had a critical influence on
the salmon populations. Seventeen strains of Pacific salmon are currently listed as threatened or
endangered. Due to their extreme demand, many problems have resulted for the species as a whole,
from hindrances in their reproduction patterns by modifications in their environment (dams and
river modifications) to detrimental conservation efforts (where hatchery salmon were reintroduced
causing "genetic and behavioral dilution"), there are a plethora ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By 2008, that figure had jumped to 5 billion. Because of the huge presence of hatchery salmon in
wild, the result is when hatchery–bred fish return as adults and interbreed with wild salmon, they
produce offspring that are less hardy than their purely wild counterparts. Arguably the existence of
hatcheries is directly responsible for offsetting the salmon species composition of the entire North
Pacific. Economically, while fisheries immediately can be seen as generating a huge profit, extended
dependence and exploitation of fisheries can be incredibly distressing. In an effort to maximize the
yield of salmon, hatcheries are failing to see the ocean is an exhaustible resource. The North Pacific
Ocean is, at an alarming rate, nearing the limit of its salmon–carrying capacity. (Peterson, 2008)
Because hatchery salmon are both outcompeting wild populations of salmon and simultaneously
causing genetic dilution by mating with wild populations, the fish that are being caught by
fisherman, at an alarming rate, are far less in quality than their wild counterparts. The reason why?
Wild populations often possess resistance to the parasites and diseases of their native streams that
are not found in the foreign hatchery salmon. In addition, the "decreasing quality" of salmon also
negatively influences recreational activities such as sport fishing, a valuable component of both the
Alaskan economy and the economies of the pacific north–west. Millions

Not So Fishy Fish Farms
Not So Fishy Fish Farms Fish farms and aquaculture in the US have come under scrutiny in the past
decade because people are unsure of what they are eating. Fish farms fall under the large umbrella
term of aquaculture. Dictionary.com defines aquaculture as "the cultivation of aquatic animals and
plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater
environments." This practice has evolved over centuries and exploded in the 1970's, becoming the
number one producer of fish worldwide over wild caught fish. In truth, aquaculture in the US
provides fish that contains the same or less contaminants than wild caught fish. Aquaculture also
provides many advantages over conventional commercial fishing, such as superior sustainability and
consistency. These advantages cause aquaculture to continue expanding everywhere and provide
many jobs for the American people. With the growth of the aquaculture industry, the US will be able
to produce more seafood and reduce the amount of imported fish. While the aquaculture industry in
the United States suffers from some drawbacks, it also provides many benefits, such as an increased
supply of healthy fish, increased productivity, and economic benefits. These benefits outweigh the
drawbacks of aquaculture and the industry should continue to grow in the future with the support of
the American population. Aquaculture attracts negative attention from ecologically concerned
people, which makes sense

Analysis of the Ways the Director Builds Suspense and...
Analysis of the Ways the Director Builds Suspense and Scares the Audience in Jaws
We studied the film "JAWS", which was made by award winning director Steven Spielberg.
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"JAWS" was based on Peter Benchley's number one best–selling novel in 1974. The Plotline for the
film is about a police officer, a scientist, and a grizzled sailor who set out to kill a great white shark,
which has been menacing the seaside community of Amity Island. The film was set in a seaside
resort in America called Amity. The sign, which first introduces us to Amity Island, tells us that it is
celebrating its 50th annual regatta on the 4th – 10th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The music clouds your vision and makes you imagine and believe something that actually isn't even
there. It builds tension and the music gives a dramatic and eerie effect. Other example of how music
of silence is used to scare the audience or build tension will be discussed next.
The first scene, Chrissie strips to go swimming in the sea, the man from the same camp – where
music is playing and the atmosphere is happy and relaxed – is chasing her towards the beach. The
man is drunk and collapses; Chrissie has been in the sea already, for a long time on her own. The
water is calm and you can here it lap against itself and brush up to the shore and a warning bell is
heard that is used to warn ships and other obstacles. Suddenly the camera shot dips under the water,
the dramatic music from the title sequence begins. The audience can see Chrissie swimming, as the
music continues getting faster the sharks presence is made known to the audience. As the shark
approaches her – her legs are dangling downwards under the water. Just as soon as we have a close
up of Chrissie legs, the camera shot goes above the water watching Chrissie she looks around.
Everything is silent, by surprise the shark suddenly pulls from below (the camera makes it
believable). Chrissie starts screaming, there's splashing, lots of tension as the shark underneath,
supposedly biting her legs moves about

Critical Theories Of Reader-Response Theory
People start to express and exchange their opinions about art or literature works and try to
understand the deeper meaning of them with the development of the society. Different critical
theories that are introduced during this semester in Critical Inquiry have been built based on various
of society events or issues in different periods. After getting in touch with each popular theory,
Reader–Response Theory, in the personal opinion, has become one of the commonest theories since
it only considers the personal experience of the readers and how it connects to the work; the readers
would receive different messages and come up with their personal thoughts and comments toward
what they read, see or watch. Different from African American Theory or LGBTQ Theory, Reader–
Response Theory does not have a limitation on the subject position or cultural background because
the comments and thoughts are based on the readers' personal experience and from their own view
points, and this characteristic will always benefit people not only in college but also in their entire
life by expanding their horizons and helping them to find and understand their own lens in
professional practices. In Lois Tyson's Using Critical Theory, she explains that Reader–Response
Theory is "something interesting or useful about ourselves" (13). Although there are several types of
Reader–Response Theory focusing on different fields, when people come up with their reflections
about a work, they are led by a

Capital Pyongyang Essay
Yes, the British sport has managed to invade arguably the most covert and hostile nation in the
world – North Korea. For decades foreigners were denied access in this secretive country – until in
the 21st century when the government has finally started to issue tourist visas for a few selective
parts of the nation. Capital Pyongyang is one of those places, where outsiders are allowed to visit
and back on April 25, 2008, on the outskirts of the city, at Taesongsan Park, the locals heard the
sound of a ball hitting the bat for the first time. It was a six–a–side triangular tournament, named
Pyongyang Friendship Cup. The idea of taking the game to an isolated country like North Korea was
a brainchild of Jon Newton, the then President of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Syrian connection Once famous for its rich history and tradition the ancient city of Aleppo, has
now been reduced to ruins in the ongoing Syrian civil war. But, centuries before this massacre, this
city had witnessed one of the most significant incidents in the history of cricket. According to the
written documents, in 1676, it was in Aleppo where the game of cricket was first played outside the
British territories. Back in the 17th century, the city used to be a trading hub and it attracted a lot of
British traders and sailors. By that time back in England, Cricket had already been evolved and it
was quite popular amongst the travelling Englishmen, who carried the game outside the isles. Henry
Teonge of Wolverton, Worcestershire, was one such traveller, who came to Aleppo during that time
and documented in his diary about the game of "Krickett", which used to be played amongst the
Britishers as a pastime. One entry in his diary on May 6, 1676, read, "This morning early at least 40
of the English, with his worship the Consull, rod out of the cytty about 4 miles to the Greene Platt, a
fine vally by a river syde, to recreate them selves. Where a princely tent was pitched; and wee had
severall pastimes and sports, as duck–hunting, fishing, shooting, hand–ball, krickett, scrofilo; and
then a noble dinner brought thither, with greate plenty of all sorts of wines, punchs, and lemonads;
and

Stanley Fish Plagiarism
In the Stanley Fish article, "Plagiarism Is Not a Big Moral Deal", Fish deconstructs why plagiarism
happens, particularly in regards to college students. He also presents what he believes to be the
"true" problem with plagiarism. In the article, Fish determines that plagiarism is not a philosophical
or moral problem, as many people argue. He believes this is because plagiarism is a practice that
makes sense to those whose work brings them into constant contact with it; allowing them to know
the rules inside and out. Yet, for someone not in that field or entering into it (like college students)
the rules make no sense and so they have trouble following them. This causes Fish to determine that
plagiarism is a "disciplinary" problem and not a

The White Shark, Nekton Project
The White Shark, Nekton Project
The White Shark, also known as the Great White Shark, is one of the most furious predators in the
oceans worldwide. Same as every species, the White Shark is classified into major groups. This is
called taxonomy. The taxonomy for this species is
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub–Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Chrondrichthyes
Sub–Class: Elasmobranchii
Order: Lamniformes
Family: Lamnidae
Genus: Carcharodon
Species: C. carcharias
The kingdom Animalia means animal. The phylum Chordata includes animals with vertebrates. The
class Chrondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish, which are fish that has a skeleton made of
cartilage rather than bones. The family Lamnidae includes sharks as the white shark and mackerel
sharks. These sharks are usually very large and can swim really fast. The genus is the group before
the species which includes other sharks that are very similar to the white shark. The species is the
last group, which contains the Latin name of the specific organism. Through taxonomy, scientists
are easily able to identify and classify species.
White sharks are usually found in oceans worldwide. They tend to appear more in cool temperate
and tropical waters. Also, some are usually found near islands with high populations of seals. They
spread throughout the world. Some of the places they are found in are along the coastline of South
Africa, Australia, New Zealand, California to Alaska, Hawaii, the Mediterranean Sea and many
more.

Causes And Consequences Of Marine Organisms
INTRODUCTION
Anthropogenic CO2 release into the atmosphere has led to increasing temperatures in the
atmosphere and in the ocean (CITA). Greater amounts of CO2 is causing the oceans to become more
acidic (Caldeira & Wickett, 2003; Ross et al., 2011).
Oceans capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere is making them become more acidic (Caldeira
& Wickett, 2003; Portner, 2008)
Oceans' average surface temperature are predicted to rise up to 1.5 C by 2050 and 3 C by 2100
(Donelson et al., 2011; PONER MAS CITAS), simultaneously oceans' surface pH will decrease
from a level of 8.1–8.2 by 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 (pH 7.6–7.9) and 0.7–0.77 units by 2300 (pH 7.33–
7.5) (Caldeira & Wickett, 2003; Donelson et al., 2011).
These variations in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elevated temperatures aggravate oxygen limitation by leading to a higher demand of it from species
and by reducing its solubility causing fish with larger individuals to be more thermally sensitive to
oceans' warming (Neuheimer et al., 2011; Pörtner, 2008; Pörtner & Knust, 2006; Rodnick et al.,
2004). In addition eggs and larvae of some fish species have been observed to have narrower
thermal windows. In larvae this is due to their small body size, higher metabolic rate, and lower
energy reserves (Pörtner & Farrel, 2008; Rijnsdorp et al., 2009). If all size groups are affected
within a population, abundance, recruitment success and productivity can be negatively affected
(Neuheimer et al., 2011; Pörtner & Knust, 2006).
Some species have the capacity to acclimate to changes in temperatures. Acclimation is the
organisms' capacity to modify phenotypical traits that alter their physiology, behaviour or
morphology to fit the environmental conditions (Donelson et al., 2011). According to Agilleta (2009,
in Donelson et al., 2011) there are two types of acclimation, reversible and developmental.
Reversible acclimation refers to the controlled responses to daily or seasonal environmental
fluctuations; while developmental acclimation involves the permanent

Free Speech Follies By Stanley Fish Essay
Op–ed is short for opinion editorial. According to Merriam–Webster dictionary Op–ed pages are
typically published by magazines and newspapers to express personal opinions of the writer. In the
short essay "Free–Speech Follies" by Stanley Fish was written about "op–ed pages crying out first
amendment when op–ed pages they published turns out to be the cause of outrage and controversy"
(para.3). The short essay also implied that people are using freedom of speech in the wrong way to
get away with saying anything that could offend or threaten some minority groups. Stanley Fish also
introduces self–censorship and how we should be self–censored when it comes to opinion based
pages that we are publishing out to the public. Op–ed letters should not be censored by editorial
staff, but should be self–censored because people know what's hurtful to others, no one should have
the responsibility of limiting what people have to say, and it'll help people grow character. Op–ed
pages should be self–censored because it's a responsibility that everyone should learn. Self–
censorship is about thinking over what you write to make sure you do not ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We as people of the United States have to realize we are here together to help each other when stuff
gets out of hand. We have to learn to voice our opinions in the best less hurtful way possible. There
are some people out there that are always going to say stuff just to get under a person skin because
they love to seek attention but when that happens we still have to be the better person and ignore
those kind of people. When you show those types of people attention they are always going to argue
back just because someone is feeding off of their opinion. At the end of the day if you fix how you
voice your own opinion without starting interference then you have made an impact on Op–ed pages

Fishing For Northern Pike : A Staple Of Canadian Sports...
Fishing for Northern Pike
The Northern Pike is truly a staple of Canadian sports fishing. It has not only survived the cold
Canadian temperatures, it has thrived for 62 million years. Although this species can be found in
most of the northern hemisphere, the pike as we call it or the jackfish if you're in Manitoba, is
prevalent in Canada as one of our ultimate game fish. The Pike is an ambush predator and once this
fish attacks there is no escape from it razor teeth.
Pike are a very aggressive fish –in and out of the water, so watch your fingers –and typically take
their prey from the side rather than from behind like a bass or other predatory fish. A Pike 's diet
consist of almost anything this predator can fit in its huge mouth, including; small mammals, birds,
insects, leeches, and many types of fish even other pike. Unlike most fish Pike do not only go for the
easy target, a Pike's speed and ambush strategy allows it to prey on anything that passes through
their feeding ground.
Where and When to Fish for Pike
Where and when is directly related to the water temperature. Pike will actively feed when the water
temperature is below 18°c (approximately 65°f). Luckily this means most waters in Canada will
hold actively feeding Pike most of the year, the southern parts of Canada may experience sluggish
pike on a hot summer day. Be sure to check your fishing regulations before heading out for Pike.
There is nothing more exiting then to watch a giant gator rears his head out of

Compare And Contrast This Is England And God's Own Country
The film 'This is England' from 1983 is based on writer and director Shane Meadows' own
experience as a youngster. In the 19th century Britain was transformed from an agricultural to a
modern industrial country. Conversely, in the 20th century Britain lost much of her economic and
political power. The trailer 'God's Own County' by Francis Lee, is about this young farmer Johnny
Saxby numbs his daily frustrations with binge drinking and casual sex. Both films are about
immigration and integration. The theme in both is identity, because all of them having a hard time,
and they are finding out who they really are. Shaun is finding out which group he belongs to, and
change his whole identity. Gheorghe was born in another country like Milky. He came ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some people think he is just like 'us' and others think he and his family must go back to Jamaica.
There is an episode in the film where Combo describes a black man as a 'wog'. Combo is a
nationalist, and has a very hard opinion about migrants and unemployment in England. They were in
Combos apartment, when Combo asked Milky about he's family and why they are in England.
Milky said it was because his father got a job here. Combo got mad, and thrashed him. Here the
viewers get a good view of how Combo has it with migrants. It just like in the trailer, were
Gheorghe came to England to work on the farm, so he could earn some money and help Jonny with
the

Critical Analysis Of Killing The Bear By Judith Minty
The Analysis of Killing the Bear by Judith Minty Based on Reader Response Criticism The
important thing in the reader response theory is the interpretive of the readers itself, rather than the
author or even the text. The theory gives the competence to the reader to critic the text, however
with the condition the readers have the evidence or research from other people toward the critic. The
way of their interpretation may reveal their identity, because the reader gives the critic depends on
their knowledge and experience (Philip Goldstein, 2005). Everyone has their own perspective
toward anything, especially for the literary works. Each of people perspective is unique. That is why
reader response was created. The theory is about the transaction between the writer and the reader.
The writer composed a meaningful text, whereas the reader composed an interpreted meaning of the
text. Reader response is not about destroying the writer's idea, but it is more constructing the work
itself (Louise M. Rosenblatt, 1988). The theory usually used for the basic of the analysis. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Do not think about what people say about us. Because, each person has their own bear, their own
qualities and desire. That is why we should proud of it. References American University. Paragraph
Unity and Coherence. Academic Support Center (2009) Goldstein, Philip. Reader–Response Theory
and Criticism. The Johns Hopkins University Press (2005). Rosenblatt, Louise M. Writing and
Reading: The Transactional Theory. Champaign: University of Illionois at Urbana–Champaign
(1988) Rosenblatt, Louise M. The Acid Test for Literature Teaching. New York (2005) Schlutt,
Patricia and Kara Talen. Judith Minty: Comprehending the World. (2008)
www.throughthe3rdeye.com/node/57 Scruton, Roger. Sexual Desire: A Philosophical

Essay about Book Report on the Perfect Storm
Book Report on The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger
The fishing port of Gloucester, Massachusetts, just north of Boston, is one of the oldest fishing ports
in the United States and can trace its history to around 1623. Since that time, around ten thousand
men have lost their lives fishing the Atlantic Ocean. Not only did the fishing port feel the full brunt
of the storm but that fateful day in October 1991 was to add another six men to that tally when the
fishing boat Andrea Gail was caught in the full fury of the storm out on the fishing grounds, heading
back to port with a hold full of swordfish. The Perfect Storm is the story of that fateful trip of
October 1991 when the Andrea Gail headed out to sea for one last shot at a major ... Show more
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The environment influences the characters quite a bit. Everybody in that community does something
that involves the fish industry or supplying alcohol for the fishermen. The lifestyles of the people are
basically fish for a month out on the open sea, come home for a week, get a drunk as you can, give
your wife and family all the money made and not spent on alcohol, and then leave to fish for another
month or two. The main characters in the story are all crew members of the same fishing skipper so
they act just as one would expect crew members to act towards one another. The availability of food
and water are very good. The story takes place on the coast so obviously there is a lot of water and
the entire story is based around fishing to supply the food industry with swordfish. Fishing for
swordfish is very profitable so all of these crew members are well to do.
The characters are involved in travel for work. They travel up and down the coast in pursuit of
swordfish. Therefore the goods that are being sold and traded are the swordfish. These swordfish are
coming from the Atlantic Ocean to be sent to be served in sea food restaurants. The cause for the
movement is the need of a job and money and food.
The physical region described in this story would basically be the coastal region. The part played by
this region is basically the location of a job and

Ratical Analysis : Identity Politics Is Rational By...
Rationalizing Identity Politics Would you ever vote for a candidate simply because they came from
the same ethnic background as you, even without knowing any of their political views? In the article
"When 'Identity Politics' Is Rational," written by Stanley Fish, a strong argument is made explaining
and defending instances where identity politics is used and why it is important that citizens
understand that it exists. Identity politics is when a candidate is only supported because of his or her
identity, not their political views or beliefs. Through Fish's mixed use of logical reasoning,
somewhat strong reliability and a minor use of emotional appeal, he is able to construct a solid
argument as to when identity politics are appropriate. Fish explains a multitude of examples in a
cogent manner that allows the reader to easily follow along. He then continues by using credible
evidence, which he provides citations for, that add an immense amount of validity to his
article.However he does also make certain assumptions that he does not provide evidence for. Fish
also includes a subtle amount of emotion that grasps the reader and pulls them deeper into the
article. Fish argues that certain cases exist where identity politics is valid and appropriate, however,
depending on the way one understands the definition of identity politics, it can be used in a way that
it incorrect and biased. Fish's primary element that allows him to create such a persuasive argument
is his use of

Fishing for Trouble Essay
In 1999 near the Galapagos Islands, Rob Stewart, 22, an underwater photographer and filmmaker,
was driving when he discovered something that changed his life forever. It was a long line fishing
rig hung with hundreds of dead sharks on a single fishing line that Stewart explained had the
potential to reach from Earth to space. This fishing line is known by conservationists as a "curtain of
death" (Kielburger). Overfishing is the fishing of a species at levels too high for the species to
reproduce. This can greatly reduce fish population and drive species toward extinction. Fishing has
provided the world with food and jobs that have remodeled Earth's cultures and lifestyles. Fishing is
practiced by local fishermen, commercial fishing rigs, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When fish populations are low in one area, fishing boats will need to move to another area where
fish are more abundant. This renders oceans and their sea life helpless and severely damaged until
all of the fish in the oceans are completely gone. That is why governments need laws establishing
the length of time a person could spend at sea fishing, in order to reduce overfishing and increase
recovery of fish populations. One example of a fish population suffering from overfishing is the
Pacific bluefin tuna. "Overfishing has left the world with less than five percent of its Pacific Bluefin
tuna, says the Pew Environment Group" (Kowalski). This statement explains to the world how
overfishing can drastically decrease a species' population in an extraordinarily short time period.
The Pacific bluefin tuna and other fish are very much stressed by overfishing, and suffer severe
losses of population every day. Moreover, overfishing will soon lead to the extinction of fish species
like the Pacific bluefin tuna. The European Commission even admits that the "EU's [European
Union] stocks are 88% overfished" ("An Icelandic Success"). This reveals Europe's failure to
prevent overfishing from spreading throughout the continent and beyond its borders. The majority of
Europe's fish supply undergoes the harmful effects that overfishing brings. Additionally, the fish

Essay about Wal-Mart Seafood Supply Chain Case Study
Coursework Header Sheet186714–156 | |
Course | BUSI1150: E–Log & Int Sup Chain Mgt 15c | Course School/Level | BU/PG |
Coursework | Research Report | Assessment Weight | 70.00% | Tutor | Y Lin | Submission Deadline |
30/03/2012 |
Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not, in
whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other
sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations
regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. |
000714534 Shabbir Bhanpurawala Tutor's comments
|
Grade ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, wild pacific salmon are fished near the shore or the ocean between May and September
because they spawn in their river habitats during these months. The other challenge was that wild
pacific salmon were depleting and protecting them was a great challenge as it was indirectly posing
a threat to Walmart and its sea food supply chain.
According to (Denend, 2010) major challenge was that commercial fishing of wild salmon was only
permitted to the people who had permits that also for a limited period of time or season. Also, the
duration of this season fluctuated each year so that the wild pacific salmon of each type would be
protected and they would return back to spawn in the river habitats. As a result, Walmart would not
have sufficient amount of stock for wild pacific salmon and was posing a threat to its supply chain
& the duration of fishing was volatile because if salmon would come back in greater quantity
then the fishing season would continue for an extended period of time; if they would go back then
the season would shut down earlier, so the quantity and availability was not fixed in nature and this
was also among the few possible challenging reason for Walmart.
There are numerous other factors present which would increase the cost price of Wal–Mart's supply
chain either directly or indirectly which are

Job Opportunities For A Game Warden
There are many job opportunities out there in the world, but one popular career is being a Game
Warden. This job combines two of wonderful activities, being in the outdoors, and more power than
a police officer. There are many responsibilities and interesting facts that come with being a Game
Warden. Most people when they hear Game Warden may think of someone that comes to check their
hunting or fishing license now and then. When in reality, Game Wardens go out and will fight forest
fires, go out on remote search and rescue missions, keep dangerous animals away from the everyday
people, capture and relocate wildlife that may be in danger or dangerous to the people, they may
even preform avalanche control. Their job is much bigger than many may see at first. They do a lot
more than may be seen by the people. Their job also puts them in many dangerous situations. They
will go out in remote location usually by themselves and may be hours away from help. This is just
part of being a Game Warden. Game Wardens do not have a set amount of hours that they work.
They work into the job is done. Game Wardens may come into work at 6 a.m. but not leave until 10
p.m. The job calls upon you to get the job done and no one is their to cover their shift. Game
Wardens also do not report back to a boss and are more self led than being directed by someone
above you, but you may be called to go somewhere by officials or others (Devontier, Alecia T., and
Carrol A, Turkington "Game Warden"). Being

Fraser River Sockeye Salmon : An Analytical Literature Review
Fraser River Sockeye Salmon in Decline: An Analytical Literature Review
Lauren M. Howell 26095133
University of British Columbia
Author Note
Lauren M. Howell, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph
Lauren M. Howell, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Lauren Howell, Department of Earth,
Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Contact: Lauren@adbizstudio.com
Fraser River Sockeye Salmon in Decline: An Analytical Literature Review
The Fraser River, beginning at Fraser Pass in the Rocky Mountains; making its way into the Straight
of Georgia in Vancouver, is considered to be the largest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The replacement level, described as the ratio of returning progeny per adult spawner, was not
reached and the industry was forced to close for a third consecutive year. This shut out was
attributed to a wide range of factors including: environmental changes along the river and in the
marine environment, as well as fisheries management practices. Incredibly, 2010 saw a profound
rebound with an estimated 34 million returns, indicating resilience of this species but also giving
rise to many unanswered questions in explanation (Cohen, 2010).
Even though fish harvesting had declined, fish stocks were still plummeting; people wanted
answers, and in 2009, a Canadian federal judicial inquiry was launched to investigate fisheries
management practices, as carried out by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) by means of the
Cohen Commission (Casselman, 2011; Miller et al., 2011). The focus of the mandate was to identify
the causes of the decline in the Fraser River sockeye, and to develop recommendations for
improving the future sustainability of the fishery.
Since the seminal release of Dr. Pearse's 1982 study of Canada's Pacific fishery, hundreds of
recommendations through mandates, as well as scientific research, have been put forth with the goal
of shedding light on this paramount issue. A study published in Science carried out by Kristina M.
Miller et al. in 2011 is no exception.
A Quick Look at the Research
A functional genomics study conducted by Miller

Stanley Fish 's Article Stepping On Jesus
Stanley Fish's article Stepping On Jesus, talks about the idea of a higher power and how some will
defy higher authorities in order to respect their values. While not everyone believes in a higher
power, many will show signs of respect, Fish does not idolize these students. Throughout the article,
Fish states many different points and beliefs on what is right and the different teaching methods.
Fish sticks up for these teaching methods and not the students. However, the students should be the
ones getting stuck up for. In Fish's article in the New York Times, he aims to show both sides of the
controversial assignments given to students. These assignments aim for the belief and strong views
that students hold. They start discussions and many students even refuse to complete them due to
their insensitivity to their beliefs. Fish tries to persuade the readers that when something attacks
someone's personal belief, they tend to react and fight for what they think is right. Fish also shows
both sides of the arguments by talking about how the assignments are uneasy. Furthermore, how the
professors do not mean to attack anyone they simply want to engage students in controversial topics
and allow students who do deny the assignments to reaffirm their faith. Fish uses various examples
in order to get his point across to the readers. For Fish's first example, and also his biggest one, he
talks about the student who refused to perform the assignment of writing Jesus's name on a piece

Coffee Shops Stanley Fish Summary
Stanley Fish is annoyed with the day to day process of buying his morning coffee. This is first
evident on pg.286 at the beginning of the third paragraph, where Stanley recounts of simpler days
when buying his coffee and breakfast. The author depicts the style of what coffee shops used to be
as quoted "nondescript place fitted out largely in linoleum, Formica, and neon." He further portrays
being greeted the moment he sat down at to the counter places his order and twenty seconds later it
arrives. Suddenly his tone changes into being describing what coffee shops are now with wood or
concrete flooring, indie music, urban photos, and onion magazines. The author continues with
characterizing the place as sophisticated and hard. Comparing the

Stanley Fish: Save the World on Your Own
Save the world on your own by Stanley Fish provides some valuable arguments about methods of
education. Fish interprets some of the best universities techniques of education and provide a new
concept or idealist way in his own point of view. Most of the universities' mission statement has
nothing to do with the universities' role towards society. The interference of political, moral, and
ethical views during the course of education affects a student's beliefs and ideologies. Fish believes
that the techniques of evaluating ideologies is what a student should be learning, rather than building
a belief on a teacher's point of view for example. Fish's solution was not abandoning political issues
in class, but adapting to the issues on an academic hand rather than always evaluating opinions
overheard everywhere. The technique or way he is trying to approach is called "academicizing" the
course of education. The analyzing of Fish's argument follows the Toulmin argument technique,
which contains of claim, reason, qualifier, warrant, backing and rebuttal.
Fish claims that it is not the universities job to interfere with moral and civic knowledge of a
student, but provide the information needed for the student to develop the skills for evaluating and
conducting a free moral, political, ethical, or social view. "The job of someone who teaches in a
collage or a university is to introduce students to bodies of knowledge and traditions of inquiry they
didn't know much about before; equip

The United Nations Targets For Ocean Sustainability
1. The United Nations targets for ocean sustainability are measurable when looking at 14.1, 14.2,
14.3, 14.4, 14.5 and 14.6. This is due to that fact that the United Nations is able to create a base level
in order to look at the major contributors to these issues this can be then simplified as these
contributors are the human population. For example, when look at target 14.3 which deals with the
eminent of fossil fuels, fossil fuels are cause by production run by humans. Allowing humans to
have control over how many fossil fuels they want to eminent on a daily basis. Another example of a
target that can be measurable is 14.4 as it deals with the issue of over fishing and the use of fish
stocks. This target is measurable as The United Nations is able to measure fish stocks and will be
able to measure them ten years from now to see if the laws put in place are positively affecting our
worlds oceans. They will be able to check the harvest growth pattern that the fish stocks provide in
order to catch illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. There are however targets under The
Unites Nations goal that are not measurable this can be seen when looking at targets 14.7,14. a,14. b
and 14.c. I believe that these goals are unable to be measured due to that fact for example in 14.7
there is no quantification in dollars or percentages as it is looking at economic benefits of
developing states. When looking at the other targets they are to general and have no specific goal
(i.e. date)

Fish Reader Response Criticism
Fish's Reader Response Criticism is composed of two interdependent ideas: first, that the meaning
of texts is shaped by the reading experience itself, and second, that these meanings cannot be judged
to be correct or incorrect, but merely belonging to one "interpretive community" or another. The first
idea may be identified as the executive aspect of Reader Response Criticism because it analyzes the
act of reading, while the second idea is the epistemological aspect of the theory because it
circumscribes the knowledge we can acquire about a text to the merely relative. Studied
independently, each aspect of Reader Response Theory offers by itself strong arguments
countervailing the formalist stance of the New Critics. But as we will see, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This excerpt begins at the level of innate human concepts (flesh) and proceeds through the more
concrete level of medical terminology (muscles, blood, epidermis) and onwards through an
evocative metaphor (red cloud). Before the reader reaches the final clause ("whose soul is
lightning"), he has built up an expectation that a culminating trope will be used to close the
sentence, as is usual. Instead, the fragment ends with "whose soul is lightning" which refers not to
the red cloud, but to "the flesh itself." In other words, the red cloud is not the object of the
concluding clause, but a "psychological multiplier:" the reader sees a red cloud (associated with
storms) and then sees lightning exacerbated by the immediately preceding image. Now the reader
possesses a clear mental picture of the passionate flesh, but the strange syntax (both in French and
English) leaves him uncertain about what exactly the text has said: is lightning the soul of the flesh?
Is the soul the lightning emitted by the flesh? This is an important point–is the soul passion? Or is
passion simply one of several manifestations of the soul? Yourcenar has deliberately shrouded this
discussion in complex syntax because the distinction itself confounds us. If you are lost as to what
exactly the text says right now, Yourcenar has achieved her aim. Now take a look at Grace Frick's
artful translation of the same text:
The flesh itself, that amazing instrument of muscles, blood, and skin, that

Analysis Of When You See One By Stanley Fish
Interpretive Communities What is an interpretive community? An interpretive community is a
theoretical concept created by professor and author Stanley Fish, he explores this theory throughout
his essay "How to Recognize a Poem When You See One" from his book Is There a Text in This
Class? Fish identifies an interpretive community as a group of individuals who interpret texts
similarly because of shared social experiences and positions. He further explains how interpretive
communities function and why interpretive communities are vital in creating meaning. Fish's main
argument is that "interpretation is not the art of construing but the art of constructing" (Fish 327).
Fish portrays this argument by asserting three main claims: that interpreters ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This interpretive strategy is available because interpretive communities have background knowledge
on what they're giving meaning to. The background knowledge can be as simple as knowing how a
classroom setting works, Fish demonstrates. Fish's argument that in order to use interpretive
strategies a certain amount of background knowledge is required is portrayed with another effective
anecdote, he references the action of raising your hand while in a classroom. Of course to those
who've had classroom experiences and understand the norms of a classroom setting understand that
this gesture is used when a student wants to speak or ask a question during class, but to someone
who has never once been in a classroom setting would have absolutely no idea what this gesture
implies. The person without classroom experience could presume that the student in the back of the
classroom flailing his arm in the air is simply trying to swat a fly or point to the fluorescent ceiling
lights. Without that cultural background knowledge it's hard to interpret what it is that the students
who's raising his hand is doing, the same goes with interpretive communities. An interpretive
community has the ability to give meaning and purpose to a situation, text, poem, etc. because they
have required previous knowledge and experiences that have allowed them to do such. Referencing
back to the

The Effective Use of Imagery in Hemingway's The Old Man...
The Effective Use of Imagery in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea
Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea has engendered some lively debate in literary circles.
Critics have concentrated on everything in the novella from the verity of Rigel's early evening
appearance over Cuban skies in September (Weeks 192) to William Faulkner's judgment that
Hemingway discovered God while writing The Old Man and the Sea (Bradford 158–62). Yet the
most insightful commentary has gravitated invariably toward biblical, natural, and classical imagery
in the novel. These images turn an otherwise simple fishing tale into a sublime narrative of human
endurance. A reading that examines these images will serve to clarify the hidden significance in ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the battle, Santiago exclaims, "Christ . . . I did not know he was so big . . . I'll kill him
though . . . in all his greatness and his glory" (66). He states, "Significantly this is the only place in
the story where the expletive, Christ, is used, and the echo in the [last] sentence is
unmistakable––'for thine is the power and the glory forever'" (Wells 59). John Hamilton further
illustrates this point by equating the fish with the Christian acronym , or Ichthus (Jesus Christ, Son
of God, Savior): "it is inconceivable for one as widely read and travelled in fishing and Christian
circles as was Hemingway . . . not to have become familiar with the fish as a God–Man symbol"
(142). When Santiago finally kills the fish, he thrusts the harpoon into "the fish's side just behind the
great chest fin" (94), thus reminding us of Christ's side being pierced while on the cross.
Finding insightful commentary on the Santiago–as–Christ image is problematic at best. For instance,
Joseph Flora's judgment that "The Old Man and the Sea illustrates the essence of Christian
discipleship and does so in strictly biblical terms" (147) confirms perfectly the point that too many
critics have overanalyzed the image of Santiago–as–Christ; this is far too reductive a statement to
encompass the whole scope of Hemingway's superb novella. Yet we must acknowledge two facts
about

Tension and Suspense the Novel and the Opening Scene of...
Tension and Suspense the Novel and the Opening Scene of the Film Jaws
Peter Benchley wrote "Jaws" the novel before it was made into a film directed by Steven Spielberg.
"Jaws" is a thriller with the main aim being to build up suspense and tension. In the novel Peter
Benchley uses many variations of language techniques to emphasise important points that build up
suspense. He also uses sentence and paragraph structure to affect the reader in many different ways.
Steven Spielberg on the other hand uses different camera angles and shots alongside lighting effects
to create atmosphere and tension. In the background he uses music and sound effects to add to the
dramatic visual images he creates. Finally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tempo and volume gradually increase with the intention of raising the viewer's heartbeat. This
increase also gives the effect that whatever is moving through the water is getting closer and
speeding up. Then all of a sudden a dramatic picture, from the shark's eye view appears, creeping
through the weeds on the seabed. The camera angle is very effective, as the audience moves through
the weeds with the shark. The dimly lit darkness of deep underwater which creates an unclear
picture has the effect of making the audience anxious as nobody knows what the shark is about to
find.
The instant that the picture appears, an abrupt increase in the tempo and the volume of the music
makes the viewer's heart leap. Amounting tension causes an adrenaline rush and makes the viewer
edgy. Suspense is created because the viewer knows that something will happen but does not know
when. When the music comes to a climax a horn joins in with the cellos. Horns are generally
associated with any kind of hunt and although the audience doesn't yet know that the shark is after
the girl the horn adds to the overall nervousness of the atmosphere. As screeching, slashing violins
can be heard the bold, glaring title Jaws appears in capital letters signalling the ultimate climax of
the tension. Just when the audience can't take

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