Renee Hobbs and Brian Primack introduce the rationale for using media literacy strategies to address alcohol and tobacco use by students

1. 4th Annual Media Literacy Seminar Presented by Renee Hobbs Temple University

2. Overview of the Day Using Media Literacy Strategies to Address Tobacco and Alcohol Use by Students Digital and Media Literacy as Literacy for the Information Age LUNCH & Presentation by Phil Bauer Harnessing Your Inner Director Making Media to Deepen Knowledge & Skills

3. Using Media Literacy Strategies to Address Tobacco and Alcohol Use by Students

4. What’s the Big Deal about Tobacco?

6. Financial Costs of Smoking on Society SPEND: On direct and indirect medical costs from one year of smoking in the US $150 billion $75b direct, $75b indirect OR: Immunize the entire 3rd world $2 billion

8. Cigarette Additives that start with A or B Acetanisole, Acetic Acid, Acetoin, Acetophenone, 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane, 2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine, 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran, Acetylpyrazine, 2-Acetylpyridine, 3-Acetylpyridine, 2-Acetylthiazole, Aconitic Acid, dl-Alanine, Alfalfa Extract, Allspice Extract, Oleoresin, And Oil, AllylHexanoate, Allyl Ionone, Almond Bitter Oil, Ambergris Tincture, Ammonia, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ammonium Hydroxide, Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic, Ammonium Sulfide, Amyl Alcohol, Amyl Butyrate, Amyl Formate, Amyl Octanoate, alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde, Amyris Oil, trans-Anethole, Angelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed Oil, Anise, Anise Star, Extract and Oils, Anisyl Acetate, Anisyl Alcohol, AnisylFormate, AnisylPhenylacetate, Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins, Apricot Extract and Juice Concentrate, 1-Arginine, Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil, Ascorbic Acid, 1-Asparagine Monohydrate, 1-Aspartic Acid, Balsam Peru and Oil, Basil Oil, Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil, Beeswax White, Beet Juice Concentrate, Benzaldehyde, BenzaldehydeGlycerylAcetal, Benzoic Acid, Benzoin, Benzoin Resin, Benzophenone, Benzyl Alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Benzyl Butyrate, Benzyl Cinnamate, Benzyl Propionate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bergamot Oil, Bisabolene, Black Currant Buds Absolute, Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Buchu Leaf Oil, 1,3-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanedione, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanone, 4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One, Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil, Butyl Acetate, Butyl Butyrate, Butyl Butyryl Lactate, Butyl Isovalerate, Butyl Phenylacetate, Butyl Undecylenate, 3-Butylidenephthalide, Butyric Acid

9. A is for Addiction Nicotine is a carcinogen itself Binds to adenosine receptors in the brain, releasing dopamine (rush); has effect within 10 seconds Potent withdrawal begins within minutes Leads to the next cigarette

10. B is for blood vessels Multiple chemicals in cigarettes cause endothelial damage Increases predisposition to clotting, plaque buildup, and heart attack

11. C is for Cancer

12. D is for Destruction of Lungs (COPD)

13. E is for Environmental Smoke 2X as much tar and nicotine 3X as much benzpyrene 5X as much carbon monoxide 50X as much ammonia

14. PAIR-SHARE: Why Do People Smoke?

16. Social pressure

17. Emotional pleasure

18. Physical reasons

19. Religious reasons

23. “The Big Lie” In the advertisement: Peace Freshness Good smells Independence In real life: Coughing Stale taste, smoke Bad smells Dependence (addiction)

29. What’s the Big Deal about Alcohol?

30. Alcohol Is the Leading Cause of Death Those Under 25

31. Alcohol and injuries Death from falls: 21-77% involve alcohol Nonfatal falls: 18-53% involve alcohol Drowning deaths: 21-47% involve alcohol Burn deaths: 9-86% involve alcohol

32. Alcohol & Liver Damage Waste products build up and can damage the: Brain Testicles Skin Blood Abdomen Many more

33. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

34. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Growth deficiencies Vision, hearing, dental problems Facial abnormalities Mental retardation, developmental delays, neurological problems Epilepsy Behavioral problems Organ and body dysfunction (muscle problems, bone and joint problems, genital defects, heart defects, kidney defects )

35. Alcohol is the leading cause of child and spousal abuse

36. Alcohol and sex Teenagers who drink are: 7x as likely to have sex 2x as likely to have sex with 4 or more partners Increases the risk of HIV, other STDs, and teen pregnancy CASA, 2002

37. PAIR-SHARE: Why Do People Drink?

39. Social pressure

40. Social pleasure

41. Emotional relief

42. Addiction

43. Cultural reasons

44. Religious reasons

57. What Can We Do About It? PAIR-SHARE: Pros & Cons Regulation of tobacco & alcohol Regulation of advertising Substance abuse prevention public service announcements School curriculum programs for substance abuse prevention

58. Public Service Announcements They do have a positive effect! BUT….. There are about 50 “just say yes”messages for each “just say no” message PSA budget in US is about 1/30th that of England, Canada

59. Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project (HSPP) Curriculum for youth, 3rd-10th grades 47.25 hours total “Social Influences” approach How to say no, effects on body, resisting peer influence, self esteem, etc. 20 school districts got the program, 20 did not 94% follow up, high implementation fidelity

60. Results No difference in smoking at 12th grade No difference in smoking 2 years after high school No difference among boys or girls No difference among people of other subgroups (such as family risk for smoking)

61. What Can We Do About It? Media literacy

62. Why Media Literacy Works Fun, creative activities involving media analysis and media production Offers something to rebel against Developmentally appropriate and supports emerging critical thinking skills Most effective for the ones most at risk Empowering, not protectionist

63. 4th Annual Media Literacy Seminar Developed by Renee Hobbs Temple University & Brian Primack MD University of Pittsburgh Medical School