Scientific theory about The Big Bang and it's development

1. Scientific theory
By reena kang

2. What is a scientific theory?
For a scientific theory to be proven it starts
with discovering an idea/s called hypothesis.
When hypothesis or group of hypothesis has
been proven by carrying out multiply tests
and if there is a sufficient amount of evidence
then this supports the idea of a scientific
theory.

3. The big bang theory

4. How did The Big Bang Theory occur?
Around 4.6 billion years ago, there were gigantic clouds of gas and dust
floating throughout the milky-way. These clouds are known as nebula.
However at one point, something maybe a shock wave of a nearby
exploding supernova produced dust particles. The dust particles came
together and forms a flat spinning disk of dust and gas.
As this spinning disk collected more dust, the gravitational pull of it
increased. The cloud held so much dust that it collapsed in on itself.
When this happened the rotation of this cloud became faster and at the
centre of the spinning cloud, a small star began to form. This star grew
larger as it collected more of the dust and cloud that collapsed into it.
Further away from the centre of the cloud from where the star was
forming , there were smaller clouds of dust and gas which were forming.
Nuclear fusions occur when hydrogen atoms fuse into helium. The star
in the middle eventually became our sun (nuclear fusions occurred for
the birth of the sun to happen) and the smaller clumps of dust and gas
became planets, moons, minor planets, comets and asteroids.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIG BANG THEORY – hypothesis and testing
• Firstly an hypothesis was predicted by Einstein in 1916 when he discovered that Gravitational waves
give out ripples which was in the universe.
• However to support Einstein's theory a news article reporter Bruce Kyle states that ‘Dr.Neil Comins, a
professor astronomy and physics’ was testing and experiment called the ‘gravity-wave experiment’
which was going to identify gravitational waves from space. Doing this provides another way of
seeing far away objects in space, ‘such as exploding stars and black holes which telescopes or
antennas that can pick up light or radio waves’
• To support this experiment Newton's theory, states that when force is put on a object it ‘causes
motion. ‘
• Einstein's ‘Theory of relativity’ explaining gravitation says that the fair amount of mass and energy and
‘increasing of the mass of a body’ is and ‘ increase in its velocity.’
• This experiment was proven by using a ‘gravity wave antenna ‘ which is invented by cutting the laser
beam throughout the laser beam in middle and making them at right angles. Then when a wave
hits the beam, one is shorter and the one becomes elongated. So then the both halves are
reunited and merged back together and present the wave.
• Although the whole experiment came to a conclusion that the waves was week even through there
was a small amount of evidence to prove their was gravitational waves outside in the universe.
• But how so a move of location and repeating the experiment again shows that ‘gravity waves are stars
galaxies, black holes and exploding stars were detected by the gravitational wave.

6. Georges Lemaitre
• Lemaitre worked on theoretical physics. He worked on figuring out solutions for equations of the General
Relativity of the expansion of the universe. He seeked help from Russain Alaxander Friedmann in 1992
because he had the solutions to the mathematical equation of why universe was contracting and
expanding.
• He came up with the idea of a ‘primeval atom’ – expanding universe
• No cosmologist was interested in his work because he has very little and not enough eveidence
•
• Other methods of how ‘The Big Bang’ came along
• Models made by Einstein, Eddington of the earth and universe was made which didn’t work because the
were unsuccessful due to temperature and density on the earth
• Edwin Hubble
Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding at a fast speed and that the ‘Milky Way were all moving away
from us’. He use look into the Hubble telescope and note down what he saw everyday he explained how from
his results that in the universe when you saw in a distance you could see cloud but those clouds are lights which
turned out to be galaxies . He also discovered that future away a galaxy is from earth the quicker it moves away.
So this explains the more it is further away the more the universe keeps expanding.
•

7. 2014 developing in futher research about the ‘The Big Bang’
• A news article from the BBC has recently found out that there is a signal in the sky near
universe which is expanding which occur right after The Big Bang happened .
• An American team called BICEP2 are working on it
• They are investigating to find a ‘residual marker for inflation.’
• When finding inflation it linked with gravitational energy
• The team have found the signal which is called mode
• The characteristics of the signal is just like cosmic microwave background
‘Gravitational waves from inflation with twisted
pattern

8. Bibliography:
http://gizmodo.com/astronomers-discover-first-direct-proof-of-the-big-bang-1545525927 (online website, accessed
02/10/15)
http://
news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19870917&id=SalJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RA4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5923,4650187
(online news article, accessed: 02/10/14)
http://gizmodo.com/astronomers-discover-first-direct-proof-of-the-big-bang-1545525927 ((online website, accessed
02/10/15)
http://
news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19870917&id=SalJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RA4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5923,4650187
(online news article, accessed: 02/10/14)
http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/cosmic/p_lemaitre.html (online website, accessed
02/10/15)
http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/edwin_hubble.php (online website, accessed 02/10/15)