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ENGAGING
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Driving Customer Loyalty with Gamification
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ENGAGING
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Driving Customer Loyalty with Gamification
In the mid-1990s, the concept of online shopping gained traction,
l revolutionising the retail industry. E-commerce has matured over the last
two decades, becoming increasingly sophisticated; more marketplaces and
more tools has led to increased levels of competition, with the battle for customer and
brand loyalty reaching unprecedented levels. From our weekly food shop at Tesco with
Clubcard points, to Starbucks cards where you can earn free lattes: companies are
openly fighting for our loyalty.
“ The Internet is a nearly perfect market because information
is instantaneous and buyers compare the offerings of sellers
worldwide. The result is fierce price competition, dwindling
product differentiation and vanishing loyalty.
As the number of loyalty programs has grown, their consumer engagement has
declined by as much as 30 percent in the last five years (Zichermann, 2013).
E-commerce marketers struggling to engage their customers and falling short of their
sales targets are now increasingly jumping on the gamification bandwagon, using it
as a means to create differentiation. If done right, gamification leverages the innate
human desires to compete and achieve, and provides value and meaning to actions.
Gamification is commonly seen as a paradigm for enhancing online user engagement,
brand awareness and loyalty (Vittal et al, 2011).
However, it is often implemented by individuals lacking an in-depth understanding of
the psychology behind the use of game mechanics, and how they influence human
behaviours. The issue primarily lies with marketers not designing gamification into the
user experience and the customer journey from the start. Many active examples of
game mechanics in e-commerce apply gamification like a ‘bolt-on,’ simply creating
visual noise and obstructing the shopping experience.
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3. Without a clearly thought out framework that aligns business objectives with user
experience, audience profiles and attuned mechanics, powerful devices such as
achievement badges and points accumulation are meaningless, and rather than
stimulate, they fail to engage users. It is these primitive applications of ‘game
mechanics’ that have left many marketers doubtful as to how impactful gamification is,
and the value it holds as a marketing strategy for e-commerce sites.
REWARDING THE ‘RIGHT’ BEHAVIOUR
Reichheld and Sasser (1990) estimated that a 5 per cent increase in customer loyalty
can increase profits between 25 and 85 per cent. With such powerful statistics
floating around, it is no wonder that loyalty schemes have soared in popularity over
the last decade. With old-fashioned, lack-lustre frequent flyer-esque loyalty schemes
on their way out, gamification has quickly captured marketers’ attention as a way to
reinvigorate the concept and drive deeper engagement.
“ An important factor to success is providing both intrinsic
and extrinsic motivations, where a person can carry out
actions simply because it is fun and self-fulfilling, not
always for a tangible reward.
The crucial difference between traditional “earn and burn” loyalty scheme models and
the new emerging ‘trend’ of gamified loyalty schemes, is the process of rewarding
users for non-purchase interactions, such as online engagement. It is this opportunity
to create and reward a specific set of activities or behaviours, which are tied to
social and online channels, that encourages information sharing and increases online
customer engagement (Vittal et al, 2011). Moreover, an important factor to success is
providing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, where a person can carry out actions
simply because it is fun and self-fulfilling, not always for a tangible reward.
With the multitude of channels available to customers today, sharing your website’s
content is valuable. If a customer shares a positive experience with your brand on
Facebook, then this action can and should be rewarded. As a result of Teleflora’s
social loyalty scheme, which offered points, rewards, levels and badges in return for
reviews, comments and posting on Facebook, referral traffic from Facebook increased
by 105 per cent. On top of a 10-fold increase in the number of pictures and videos
being uploaded, Teleflora’s conversion rate improved by 92 per cent (Moth, 2013).
By rewarding customers in this way, they are given a reason to return to the website
outside of advertising campaigns, which can be hugely beneficial for companies that
drive their revenue via advertising.
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4. “ Adding an advanced gamification layer to a loyalty scheme
will not compensate for a weak or ill thought out strategy,
and overcomplicating a loyalty scheme can have the
opposite effect on user participation.
However, companies need to be careful how they reward such actions. It is essential
to look at the mix of tangible and intangible rewards: the inclusion of levels and
badges, and a sense of progression and achievement are essential to a successful
loyalty scheme. Additionally, it is important to consider the impact any tangible rewards
will have on your margins.
When BlueFly introduced game mechanics to enhance their customers’ online
shopping experience they offered, among other rewards, special deals and discounts
as players earned higher badges through actions they took on the site. If you offer
discount codes or vouchers as part of the reward structure as BlueFly did, then you
must consider whether or not such rewards would still be financially viable if the
loyalty scheme was to become hugely popular. This is why a carefully planned reward
structure and risk assessment should always be completed prior to implementation.
Moreover, successful loyalty schemes are supported by intelligence-driven strategies,
so before incorporating gamification elements, first consider your objectives, and
how gamification will help you achieve them. Adding an advanced gamification layer
to a loyalty scheme will not compensate for a weak or ill thought out strategy, and
overcomplicating a loyalty scheme can have the opposite effect on user participation.
UNDERSTANDING USER MOTIVATIONS
The use of game mechanics in loyalty schemes aims to trigger or intensify specific emotions,
behaviours and actions in users. Adding a gamification layer to an existing loyalty scheme means
assigning specific values to actions or tasks, and can dilute the value or reward for customers if
the users’ perceived ‘needs’ and motivations are not properly understood.
One alternative to offering users a tangible reward is to offer them exclusivity and access, which
is highly valued in the retail industry. Gabe Zichermanm (2011) references Gilt Groupe in his book,
Gamification By Design, and how they specifically targeted the top 1% of their online shoppers
with their ‘Gilt Noir’ loyalty scheme, which offered members the ability to shop 15 minutes before
any sale began. This is a brilliant example of a company understanding their customers’ intrinsic
motivations and needs, offering them a highly valued, exclusive intangible reward, to drive deeper
brand loyalty.
In order for gamified elements to have a meaningful impression on customers and encourage
them to participate, it is crucial to understand what it is that motivates them – status, money,
access etc, and to use such insights in your gamification strategy building. It would be naive to
assume that all audiences will respond to the same gamification elements (Matthews, 2013).
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5. Moreover, the wording and marketing of the gamification techniques must be in line with your
brand and the feel of your site, and aimed at your target audience (Matthews, 2013). For
instance, if you are dealing with younger children you may want to use the term ‘Quest’ instead
of ‘Challenge,’ as this will resonate more with them, encouraging greater online participation and
brand engagement.
CUSTOMER INSIGHT
In addition to providing marketers with an exciting new way of engaging their
customers, gamification can provide a highly valuable customer activity data set.
Warner Bros Entertainment created a virtual currency, where members of their Insider
Rewards Program could earn credits for online activities including watching trailers,
entering contests and making e-cards. The credit could then be redeemed for virtual,
low-cost merchandise such as ring tones and wallpapers. The online user activity data
created by this virtual currency helped Warner Bros gain a more complete view of their
customers.
“ Gamification is not a ‘quick fix’; it is about implementing a
long-term strategy that will impact on many areas of the
customer relationship.
Integration with social channels can create an additional set of valuable social
customer activity data that can enhance and extend customer insights (Vittal et al,
2011). Integrating social media into gamified loyalty schemes has proved both popular
and successful as it fulfils the human desire to compete, and creates a sense of social
loyalty. One-on-one challenges on social channels broaden the loyalty experience by
including the entire member base and their friends and family. This allows member to
earn rewards whilst gaining insight into how they compare against other members.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
In a short space of time, gamification has gone from being almost unheard of, to
£££ one of the most talked about topics in the marketing industry. However all too often,
case studies are cited as gamification when they are actually just a game. Adding a
leader board and letting people earn points for commenting on a social channel is not
gamification, and is a short-lived, tactical solution. It is important to understand that
gamification is not a ‘quick fix;’ it is about implementing a long-term strategy that will
impact on many areas of the customer relationship. Having agreed metrics in place
ensures the success of the strategy is monitored, and the feedback process is clearly
defined (Thomas et al, 2012).
Although the benefits of using gamification to improve customer retention and
engagement are indisputable, it is essential that marketers do not rely too heavily on it
to rescue lacklustre loyalty schemes. E-commerce marketers must have a well thought
out loyalty program strategy and reward structure before they jump on the gamification
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6. bandwagon, and must carefully evaluate whether or not gamification will contribute
to intelligence-driven loyalty. Moreover, it is crucial that the integration of gamification
techniques into your site feels natural and not like a ‘bolt-on.’
In summary, a well-designed gamification system can provide huge benefits for online
retailing, engineering stimulation and value-driven relationships that will be rewarded
by happy, retained customers.
Here are a few key steps to success:
• Start by clearly understanding the people and the behaviours you wish to affect.
• Define the game mechanics that enhance the user experience, not that simply help
the business objectives.
• Pay careful attention to integration within the visual environment.
• Never force customers into a gamified journey.
• Ensure the feedback loop is built from useful metrics that will inform development.
• Don’t over do it, certain activities such as the payment process need to remain
functional and not fun.
GET IN TOUCH
If you found this interesting and informative and want to know more about how
Gamification could help your business get in touch.
E: hello@pomegranate.co.uk
T: +44 (0)20 7336 7322
www.pomegranate.co.uk
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7. REFERENCES
Chang, T. 2012. Gamification: Insights And Emerging Trends. [online] Available at:
http://techcrunch.com/2012/05/11/gamification-insights-trends/ [Accessed 11th
March 2013].
Griffith, G. 2013. Gamification in ecommerce (part one). [online] Available at: http://
esellermedia.com/2013/01/11/gamification-in-ecommerce-part-one/ [Accessed 11th
January 2013].
Kuttner, R. (1998) ‘The net: a market too perfect for profits.’ Business Week, 3577,
pp. 20.
Mannering, L. 2012. Gamification of Ecommerce. [online] Available at: http://www.
onlineretailingblog.com/gamification-of-ecommerce/ [Accessed: 9th February, 2013]
Moth, D. 2013. Six interesting examples of gamification in ecommerce. [online]
Available at: http://econsultancy.com/uk/blog/61912-six-interesting-examples-of-
gamification-in-ecommerce [Accessed 21st January 2013].
Reichheld, F, and Sasser, W. (1990) ‘Zero defects: quality comes to services.’
Harvard Business Review, pp. 105–111.
Sappington, B. 2013. Gamification Brings in Serious Business. [online] Available at:
http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/76923.html [Accessed 25th January 2013].
Thomas, D., Armour, A., and Hemmings, S. 2012. Can Business Win With
Gamification? [online] Available at: http://www.pomegranate.co.uk/challenge-series
[Accessed 4th March 2013].
Vitall, S., Murphy, E., Frankland, D., and Smith, A. (2011) What’s In A Game? The
Effect of Gamification On Customer Loyalty programs. Forrester Research.
Wright, M. (2011). How 9 Retailers Successfully Leveraged Game Mechanics. [online]
Available at: http://mashable.com/2011/12/27/retail-gamification/ [Accessed 15th
February 2013].
Zichermann, G. 2011. Gamification By Design. O’Reilly Media.
Zichermann, G. 2013. Startups are disrupting the loyalty industry. [online] Available
at: http://pandodaily.com/2013/02/22/startups-are-disrupting-the-loyalty-industry/
[Accessed 22nd February, 2013].
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