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NICU Lighting:
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NICU LIGHTING: SUPPORTING HEALTH, COMFORT
AND WELL-BEING FOR NEWBORNS, FAMILY AND
STAFF THROUGH LIGHTING DESIGN.
Lighting Design Content by Visa Lighting
2
NICU Lighting:
Description
Course Description
The growth and development of our children is extremely
important at any age. At birth our eyes are still developing
and will continue to change throughout our lives. Special
care to lighting and the surrounding environment is an
essential part of a NICU design. This course will go over the
needs of an appropriate NICU lighting design as well as
future design trends. We’ll review the body’s photo
biological response to daylight and our 24 hour clocks as
well as the visual lighting spectrum and how to apply it.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this course participants will be able to:
1. Discuss the body’s biological and psychological
responses to light.
2. Analyze a neonate’s eye development and the
importance of a responsive lighting design.
3. Identify key lighting sources and how to apply them
when designing.
4. Review NICU lighting design trends, zones and
controls.
3
NICU Lighting:
Objectives
NICU LIGHTING:
PHOTOBIOLOGY OVERVIEW
4
Circadian Rhythm
What is it and what does it mean to us?
•24 Hour Cycle that is built in to any living being –
plants & animals
•The cycle can be modulated by external cues such as
sunlight and temperature
•Determines sleep and feeding patterns
•Brain wave activity and Hormone production
•Cell Regeneration and other Biological activities
5
NICU Lighting:
Photobiology Overview
6
NICU Lighting:
Photobiology Overview
Circadian Rhythms & Lighting
How can lighting support a 24 hour routine?
•Electric light should mimic the outdoors and a
typical day
•Brighter lighting during the day to keep us awake
•Dimmer lighting at night that will promote normal
sleep
Where this gets hard
•Shift Workers
•Nurse Stations
•Seasonal Changes
7
NICU Lighting:
Photobiology Overview
Circadian Rhythms & Lighting
NICU Lighting
•Day/Night cycled lighting in NICUs - Increased
weight gain, earlier initiation of oral feedings,
decreased number of days on the ventilator and
under phototherapy, and enhanced motor
condition
•Reducing light levels in NICUs – leads to lower
respiratory rates, reduced time on mechanical
ventilation and oxygen support and lower activity
levels
8
Daylighting
•Rooms with windows when possible to have views
to nature
•Daylighting should be readily accessible to all
patients, families and staff in a healthcare setting
•Sunlight gives Vitamin D which supports our bodily
functions and bone structure
•Glare and heat gain need to be considered
•Reflections from windows or skylights can be
uncomfortable and harmful if not designed correctly
•Utilize shades and controls when possible
NICU LIGHTING:
PHOTOBIOLOGY OVERVIEW
NICU LIGHTING:
INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND
LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS
9
Parts of The Eye
NICU LIGHTING:
INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND
LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS
10
The Developing Eye
•Pupil – Controls the amount of Light entering the eye
•It takes two weeks for the pupils to enlarge and
start to see a range of light and dark images in a
newborn
•Retina –Light sensitive tissue that converts light into
electric impulses
•As this develops the ability to see and recognize
pattern improves
•Macula– Area of the Retina used for central vision
•Not fully developed until Age 4
•Eyelids – Can be thin in premature Infants
•Decreased ability to constrict and control light
exposure
NICU LIGHTING:
INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND
LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS
11
Eye Development Process
A baby's First year of life
•0-3 Months
•Babies can not focus more than 8-10 inches from their
face, sensitive to bright light
•High Contrast Images like their mothers eyes/face
begin to attract attention in the early weeks
•Eyes may wander or look crossed as they learn
how to coordinate and focus
•Eye hand coordination begins and they start
reaching out towards objects
12
Eye Development Process
A baby's First year of life
•5-8 Months
•Control of eye movement and eye-body coordination
skills improve
•Eyes begin to see depth and are working together
•Begin to have good color vision, will see red first
•Crawling begins, aids in eye-hand-foot body
coordination
NICU Lighting:
Infant Eye Development and
Lighting Considerations
13
Eye Development Process
A baby's First year of life
•9-12 Months
•Babies should be using their eyes and hands together
•They will begin to pull themselves up to a standing
position
•Should be able to grasp objects with their thumb and
forefinger
•Crawling before walking encourages eye-hand
coordination
•Babies can now judge distances fairly well and throw
NICU Lighting:
Infant Eye Development and
Lighting Considerations
NICU LIGHTING:
INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND
LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS
14
Damaging Effects of Bright Light
•Excessive Stimulation – Amount and sudden change of
light can be stressful
•Bright light can increase heart and respiratory rates and
decrease oxygen saturations
•Eye exams with opthalmoscopes as well as pupil dilatation
increases sensitivity to light
•Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) – Occurs in premature
infants when there is abnormal blood vessel development
in the Retina
•Lighting should accommodate for sensitive eyes in
this case, especially in ROP patients
15
NICU Lighting:
Lighting Overview
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
16
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Lighting
• Surfaces are properly perceived only when they reflect specific
amounts of light of certain wavelengths
• Correct color information will reach the observer only if the
illuminance is balanced (i.e. sufficient blue, green, and red
components)
• It is important to use sources with adequate blue-to-yellow
spectral power in spaces where patients are being observed
17
Visual Spectrum
NICU Lighting:
Lighting Overview
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
18
Visual Spectrum
How could this affect newborns?
• Cyanosis – The appearance of blue or purple coloration of
the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the
skin surface having low oxygen saturation
• Jaundice – A yellowish pigmentaion of the skin and whites
of the eyes caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. Occurs
when bilirubin(breakdown of red blood cells) builds up
faster than a newborn’s liver can break it down and pass
through the body.
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
19
CRI
(Color Rendering Index)
•A light sources ability to accurately
render all colors of their spectrum, in a
scale from 0-100. Daylight = CRI 100
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
20
Color Temperature
•A method of describing the color characteristics of
light, usually either warm or cool and measuring in
degrees of Kelvin (°K)
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
21
Lamp types
•Incandescent – Warm inviting quality. High CRI so
complimenting to skin tones and is psychologically
appealing.
•Halogen – A variation of incandescent. More energy
efficient, cooler light. Renders colors well
•Fluorescent – Multiple color temperatures, good for
lighting large spaces. Longer lasting than incandescent.
Color rendering not as good as incandescent.
•LED – Light Emitting Diode. Longest lamp life of any source.
Energy efficient. Can come in multiple color temperatures
and CRI levels.
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
22
Amber/Red Wavelengths
•Gives enough light to see and is comparable to
incandescent lighting.
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
23
Blue Light
•Keeps us awake and alert by suppressing the
production of melatonin, the hormone needed for
sleep
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
24
Phototherapy
•The process of using light to eliminate bilirubin in the
blood (in the case of Jaundice treatment). A baby’s skin
and blood absorb the light waves. Then changes
bilirubin into products instead of pigment, that can be
eliminated.
•Phototherapy light emits in the 430-490 nm spectrum
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
25
Ultraviolet
•Short-wave ultraviolet radiation can be
used to kill bacteria and control the spread
of infection in a healthcare environment.
NICU LIGHTING:
LIGHTING OVERVIEW
26
Finishes
•Room finishes will absorb or impact light levels
•An intended amount of light level in a room with darker
finishes will not produce the same as a room with lighter/cooler
finishes
•Interior Designers and Lighting Designers need to work
together to achieve the correct balance
•Reduce glossiness when specifying finishes, pay close attention
to room reflectance's and glare control
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
27
NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Areas of a hospital specializing in the care of ill or
premature newborn infants
Lighting Zones
“Three layers of lights”
• Patient
• Family
• Nurse/Caregiver
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
28
Infant Patient Lighting
•Separate procedure lighting of 200FC needed for exam
•Indirect ambient lighting in patient area, dimmable (3500K)
•1-60 FC as needed measured at bedside for general lighting
•FLR or LED sources with CRI of 80+
•Controls that allow immediate darkening at any bed position
for transillumination
•Amber nightlight
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
29
Family
•Warm, comforting light that resembles home (3000K)
•Task lighting for reading during the day or night
•Dimmable lighting for night time and sleep
•Amber room nightlight for night time observation and trips
to the restroom
•Shade and window controls can tie into lighting
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
30
Nurse
•Controls at room entry and bedside. Should allow for
immediate on/off as needed
•Separate procedure lighting of 200FC needed for exam
•Task Lighting at 35FC<
•Nurse Stations should have dimmable light to maintain
circadian rhythms and help with adaptation
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
31
Clean and Accessible Surfaces
•Lighting Fixtures shall not promote dust collection
•Materials should permit cleaning without the use of chemicals
that may be hazardous, as it may not be possible to vacate the
space during cleaning
•Fixtures should be sealed with no areas for dust collection and
be able to be easily wiped down
•Ceiling/Lighting access from
below the plenum
•Hospital Acquired Infection is the greatest
cause of death and sickness in the NICU
NICU LIGHTING:
DESIGN
32
Lighting Power Density and Codes
ASHRAE 90.1 2010
•Building Area Method
•Hospitals – 1.21 W/SqFt
•Space by Space Method
•Exam/Treatment – 1.66 W/SqFt
•Nursery – .88 W/SqFt
•Patient Room - .62 W/SqFt
•Exceptions
•Patient care areas do not require an automatic control
device or Procedure lighting to be accounted for in LPD
Questions:
Please contact Visa Lighting with questions.
Visa Lighting
(201) 245-5500
Lauren Roberts, LC, IES
Healthcare Development
Manager
lroberts@visalighting.com
Visa Lighting
(801) 448-2126
Kathleen Packard, LC, EDAC
Healthcare Development
Manager
kpackard@visalighting.com

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Nicu lighting design handout

  • 1. NICU Lighting: Copyright Copyright Materials The content (including renderings) presented in each portion of this presentation is the property of each presenter respectively. This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speakers is prohibited. NICU LIGHTING: SUPPORTING HEALTH, COMFORT AND WELL-BEING FOR NEWBORNS, FAMILY AND STAFF THROUGH LIGHTING DESIGN. Lighting Design Content by Visa Lighting
  • 2. 2 NICU Lighting: Description Course Description The growth and development of our children is extremely important at any age. At birth our eyes are still developing and will continue to change throughout our lives. Special care to lighting and the surrounding environment is an essential part of a NICU design. This course will go over the needs of an appropriate NICU lighting design as well as future design trends. We’ll review the body’s photo biological response to daylight and our 24 hour clocks as well as the visual lighting spectrum and how to apply it.
  • 3. Learning Objectives At the end of this course participants will be able to: 1. Discuss the body’s biological and psychological responses to light. 2. Analyze a neonate’s eye development and the importance of a responsive lighting design. 3. Identify key lighting sources and how to apply them when designing. 4. Review NICU lighting design trends, zones and controls. 3 NICU Lighting: Objectives
  • 4. NICU LIGHTING: PHOTOBIOLOGY OVERVIEW 4 Circadian Rhythm What is it and what does it mean to us? •24 Hour Cycle that is built in to any living being – plants & animals •The cycle can be modulated by external cues such as sunlight and temperature •Determines sleep and feeding patterns •Brain wave activity and Hormone production •Cell Regeneration and other Biological activities
  • 6. 6 NICU Lighting: Photobiology Overview Circadian Rhythms & Lighting How can lighting support a 24 hour routine? •Electric light should mimic the outdoors and a typical day •Brighter lighting during the day to keep us awake •Dimmer lighting at night that will promote normal sleep Where this gets hard •Shift Workers •Nurse Stations •Seasonal Changes
  • 7. 7 NICU Lighting: Photobiology Overview Circadian Rhythms & Lighting NICU Lighting •Day/Night cycled lighting in NICUs - Increased weight gain, earlier initiation of oral feedings, decreased number of days on the ventilator and under phototherapy, and enhanced motor condition •Reducing light levels in NICUs – leads to lower respiratory rates, reduced time on mechanical ventilation and oxygen support and lower activity levels
  • 8. 8 Daylighting •Rooms with windows when possible to have views to nature •Daylighting should be readily accessible to all patients, families and staff in a healthcare setting •Sunlight gives Vitamin D which supports our bodily functions and bone structure •Glare and heat gain need to be considered •Reflections from windows or skylights can be uncomfortable and harmful if not designed correctly •Utilize shades and controls when possible NICU LIGHTING: PHOTOBIOLOGY OVERVIEW
  • 9. NICU LIGHTING: INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS 9 Parts of The Eye
  • 10. NICU LIGHTING: INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS 10 The Developing Eye •Pupil – Controls the amount of Light entering the eye •It takes two weeks for the pupils to enlarge and start to see a range of light and dark images in a newborn •Retina –Light sensitive tissue that converts light into electric impulses •As this develops the ability to see and recognize pattern improves •Macula– Area of the Retina used for central vision •Not fully developed until Age 4 •Eyelids – Can be thin in premature Infants •Decreased ability to constrict and control light exposure
  • 11. NICU LIGHTING: INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS 11 Eye Development Process A baby's First year of life •0-3 Months •Babies can not focus more than 8-10 inches from their face, sensitive to bright light •High Contrast Images like their mothers eyes/face begin to attract attention in the early weeks •Eyes may wander or look crossed as they learn how to coordinate and focus •Eye hand coordination begins and they start reaching out towards objects
  • 12. 12 Eye Development Process A baby's First year of life •5-8 Months •Control of eye movement and eye-body coordination skills improve •Eyes begin to see depth and are working together •Begin to have good color vision, will see red first •Crawling begins, aids in eye-hand-foot body coordination NICU Lighting: Infant Eye Development and Lighting Considerations
  • 13. 13 Eye Development Process A baby's First year of life •9-12 Months •Babies should be using their eyes and hands together •They will begin to pull themselves up to a standing position •Should be able to grasp objects with their thumb and forefinger •Crawling before walking encourages eye-hand coordination •Babies can now judge distances fairly well and throw NICU Lighting: Infant Eye Development and Lighting Considerations
  • 14. NICU LIGHTING: INFANT EYE DEVELOPMENT AND LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS 14 Damaging Effects of Bright Light •Excessive Stimulation – Amount and sudden change of light can be stressful •Bright light can increase heart and respiratory rates and decrease oxygen saturations •Eye exams with opthalmoscopes as well as pupil dilatation increases sensitivity to light •Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) – Occurs in premature infants when there is abnormal blood vessel development in the Retina •Lighting should accommodate for sensitive eyes in this case, especially in ROP patients
  • 16. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 16 Electromagnetic Spectrum Lighting • Surfaces are properly perceived only when they reflect specific amounts of light of certain wavelengths • Correct color information will reach the observer only if the illuminance is balanced (i.e. sufficient blue, green, and red components) • It is important to use sources with adequate blue-to-yellow spectral power in spaces where patients are being observed
  • 18. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 18 Visual Spectrum How could this affect newborns? • Cyanosis – The appearance of blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation • Jaundice – A yellowish pigmentaion of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. Occurs when bilirubin(breakdown of red blood cells) builds up faster than a newborn’s liver can break it down and pass through the body.
  • 19. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 19 CRI (Color Rendering Index) •A light sources ability to accurately render all colors of their spectrum, in a scale from 0-100. Daylight = CRI 100
  • 20. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 20 Color Temperature •A method of describing the color characteristics of light, usually either warm or cool and measuring in degrees of Kelvin (°K)
  • 21. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 21 Lamp types •Incandescent – Warm inviting quality. High CRI so complimenting to skin tones and is psychologically appealing. •Halogen – A variation of incandescent. More energy efficient, cooler light. Renders colors well •Fluorescent – Multiple color temperatures, good for lighting large spaces. Longer lasting than incandescent. Color rendering not as good as incandescent. •LED – Light Emitting Diode. Longest lamp life of any source. Energy efficient. Can come in multiple color temperatures and CRI levels.
  • 22. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 22 Amber/Red Wavelengths •Gives enough light to see and is comparable to incandescent lighting.
  • 23. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 23 Blue Light •Keeps us awake and alert by suppressing the production of melatonin, the hormone needed for sleep
  • 24. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 24 Phototherapy •The process of using light to eliminate bilirubin in the blood (in the case of Jaundice treatment). A baby’s skin and blood absorb the light waves. Then changes bilirubin into products instead of pigment, that can be eliminated. •Phototherapy light emits in the 430-490 nm spectrum
  • 25. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 25 Ultraviolet •Short-wave ultraviolet radiation can be used to kill bacteria and control the spread of infection in a healthcare environment.
  • 26. NICU LIGHTING: LIGHTING OVERVIEW 26 Finishes •Room finishes will absorb or impact light levels •An intended amount of light level in a room with darker finishes will not produce the same as a room with lighter/cooler finishes •Interior Designers and Lighting Designers need to work together to achieve the correct balance •Reduce glossiness when specifying finishes, pay close attention to room reflectance's and glare control
  • 27. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 27 NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Areas of a hospital specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants Lighting Zones “Three layers of lights” • Patient • Family • Nurse/Caregiver
  • 28. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 28 Infant Patient Lighting •Separate procedure lighting of 200FC needed for exam •Indirect ambient lighting in patient area, dimmable (3500K) •1-60 FC as needed measured at bedside for general lighting •FLR or LED sources with CRI of 80+ •Controls that allow immediate darkening at any bed position for transillumination •Amber nightlight
  • 29. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 29 Family •Warm, comforting light that resembles home (3000K) •Task lighting for reading during the day or night •Dimmable lighting for night time and sleep •Amber room nightlight for night time observation and trips to the restroom •Shade and window controls can tie into lighting
  • 30. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 30 Nurse •Controls at room entry and bedside. Should allow for immediate on/off as needed •Separate procedure lighting of 200FC needed for exam •Task Lighting at 35FC< •Nurse Stations should have dimmable light to maintain circadian rhythms and help with adaptation
  • 31. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 31 Clean and Accessible Surfaces •Lighting Fixtures shall not promote dust collection •Materials should permit cleaning without the use of chemicals that may be hazardous, as it may not be possible to vacate the space during cleaning •Fixtures should be sealed with no areas for dust collection and be able to be easily wiped down •Ceiling/Lighting access from below the plenum •Hospital Acquired Infection is the greatest cause of death and sickness in the NICU
  • 32. NICU LIGHTING: DESIGN 32 Lighting Power Density and Codes ASHRAE 90.1 2010 •Building Area Method •Hospitals – 1.21 W/SqFt •Space by Space Method •Exam/Treatment – 1.66 W/SqFt •Nursery – .88 W/SqFt •Patient Room - .62 W/SqFt •Exceptions •Patient care areas do not require an automatic control device or Procedure lighting to be accounted for in LPD
  • 33. Questions: Please contact Visa Lighting with questions. Visa Lighting (201) 245-5500 Lauren Roberts, LC, IES Healthcare Development Manager lroberts@visalighting.com Visa Lighting (801) 448-2126 Kathleen Packard, LC, EDAC Healthcare Development Manager kpackard@visalighting.com