Choir students are able to develop a more refined perception of the vocal tradition they participate in by understanding the root of the tradition. The beauty, of the inspiration, and the important changes created Sacred and Secular music sung by choirs and in choral environments. This is the first of a series of lessons used at Garfield High School in Seattle

2. MEDIEVAL - RENAISSANCE
† During the Middle Ages, musical texture was monophonic, meaning it
has a single melodic line. Sacred vocal music such as Gregorian
chants were set to Latin text and sung unaccompanied. It was the
only type of music allowed in churches, so composers kept the
melodies pure and simple. Later on, church choirs added one or more
melodic lines to the Gregorian chants. This created polyphonic
texture, meaning it has two or more melodic lines.

3. FOLLOW ALONG 7
MINUTES
Howard Goodall quickly explains the significant changes in choir sung
Sacred Music up until the Renaissance:
Gregorian up to Harmony - 700 years in 7 minutes

5.  Gregorian chant is the central tradition of
Western plainchant, a form of monophonic,
unaccompanied sacred song of the
western Roman Catholic Church. It is also
called Sung Bible.

6. GREGORIAN
† "Gregorian" chant was named for and credited to Pope Gregory I
(r. 590-604) is an accident of politics and spin doctoring.
† Type of liturgical chant most widely used in Latin Churches.
† To be distinguished from the chants used by the Ambrosian,
Mozarabre and other rites.
† Took definite from after some centuries of development after
Pope Gregory I set the standards of chant.

8.  Pope from 590 to 604, reformer and excellent
administrator, “founder” of the
medieval papacy, which exercised both
secular and spiritual power. His epithet, “the
Great,” reflects his status as a writer as well
as a ruler. As the fourth and final of the
traditional Latin “Fathers of the Church,”
Gregory was the first exponent of a truly
medieval, sacramental spirituality.

9. POPE GREGORY I( THE GREAT )
† Pope, Saint and Doctor of the Church.
† Set standards for the church ceremony that brought the chant
into popular use which then fixed the GREGORIAN CHANT.
† Italian composer Ottorino Respighi composed a piece
named St. Gregory the Great (San Gregorio Magno) that features
as the fourth and final part of hisChurch Windows (Vetrate di
Chiesa) works, written in 1925.

10. monophonic
Free meter
Modal
Usually based on Latin
liturgy
 Use of Neume notation

11.  the simplest of textures, consisting
of melody without
accompanying harmony. This may
be realized as just one note at a
time, or with the same note
duplicated at the octave (such as
often when men and women
 sing together).

12. .

13.  A neume ; sometimes
spelled neum) is the basic element
of Western and Eastern systems
of musical notation prior to the
invention musical staff notation
we still use today.

14. TROUBADOURS

15.  A troubadour (English , French: ; Occitan:
 trobador,IPA: ) was a composer and
performer of lyric poetry during the High
Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the
word troubadour is etymologically
masculine, a female troubadour is usually
called a trobairitz.
 The role of the troubadours changed to part
of an elite society of royalty and nobles.
 They are usually thought of as poets that
came from Southern France

17.  Music:
 Usually monophonic
 Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
 Tells of chivalry and courtly love
 Originated in France
 Written in the French language

18. Differences Between
Medieval And Renaissance
Medieval Renaissance
 Monophony > Polyphony
 Dry Shell harmony > SweetTrue
harmony
 Portions of scripture wereset to
traditional Roman melodies.
 Revival of classical culture