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INFRASTRUCTURE AND
CONSTRUCTION
SPENDING – THE USA AND
THE WORLD
Paul Young CPA CGA
July 3, 2023
PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA (1996)
• Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
• SME – Customer Success Management
• SME – ESG and Sustainability Reporting &
Policy Development
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
• SME – Internal Controls and Auditing
Contact information email: paul.young_cga@outlook.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
AGENDA
• Infrastructure
• Construction Spending - USA
• Permits – Canada
• Infrastructure gap
• Supply chain issues
• Monitoring assets and risk mitigation
• Residential financial statements
• Construction company financial statements
• Summary
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 3
WE FORUM / FOCUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Source - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/four-big-infrastructure-trends-for-2021/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 4
GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE – ROAD
INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 5
Source - https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/ranking/road-infrastructure-spending
WORLD
INFRASTRUCTU
RE SPENDING
• Source -
https://documents.worldbank.org/
en/publication/documents-
reports/documentdetail/97057154
9037261080/hitting-the-trillion-
mark-a-look-at-how-much-
countries-are-spending-on-
infrastructure or
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/
2019/04/infrastructure-gap-heres-
how-to-solve-it/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 6
IMF / INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 7
Source - https://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/111920.htm
CHINA AND GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• China continues to build and finance infrastructure projects in Africa - http://www.sais-cari.org/data-
chinese-contracts-in-africa
• China and the Belt Road - https://www.constructionglobal.com/construction-projects/china-belt-and-road-
initiative-spending-hit-pandemic
• China and developing countries / loans - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-emerging-
debt/database-reveals-secrets-of-chinas-loans-to-developing-nations-says-study-idUSKBN2BN0EY
• China and supply chain - https://www.arabnews.com/node/1418636/business-economy
• NATO and China’s control of transportation routes -
https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2021/03/04/nato-grapples-with-grasping-chinas-
transportation-clout-in-europe/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 8
HISTORICAL USA INFRASTRUCTURE
SPENDING
Source - https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/featured/infrastructure-
productivity-boost-coronavirus
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 9
INFRASTRUCTURE GAP / UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 10
BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 11
BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 12
BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 13
BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 14
BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 15
BUILDING PERMITS/ CANADA
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 16
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
Source - https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2020/06/state-and-local-infrastructure-spending-a-closer-look
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 17
SUPPLY CHAIN
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 18
Blog – How best to manage your supply chain.
1. Large container ships and emissions - https://www.bloombergquint.com/gadfly/huge-container-ships-biggest-problem-is-emissions
2. Port productivity - https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/tpm21-one%E2%80%99s-nixon-says-us-port-productivity-gaps-mean-
congestion-months_20210302.html
3. Nearshoring - https://investmentmonitor.ai/manufacturing/think-nearshoring-will-bring-back-us-manufacturing-jobs-think-again/
Countries need to be more competitive with their policies in areas of taxation, environment, and other regulatory areas.
4. Data and AI will play a bigger role as part of supply chain management -
https://www.scmr.com/article/the_future_of_supply_chain_management_is_ai_and_data
5. Ability of canal systems to handle the flow of goods - https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/suez-canal-
mega-ships.html
6. Moving supply chain areas from China to manufacturers as part of moving away from China influence - https://www.news-
press.com/story/opinion/2021/03/15/bring-critical-supply-chains-home-biden-china-mineral-markets/4692255001/
7. Standardized ESG reporting including rankings in areas like human rights or environment or other areas – Blog - 10 key ESG and
sustainability trends, ideas for both the Private and Public Sectors - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young-
055632b_10-key-esg-and-sustainability-trends-ideas-activity-7042799510351212545-
hwpI?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
8. Development of new logistic projects like one belt road - https://fortune.com/2021/03/24/china-belt-road-initiative-soft-power/
9. Costs of moving freights - https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/fbx-index-looking-forward-3/
10. Global inflation - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-11/inflation-is-already-creeping-into-some-corners-of-the-world
Here is my work on the supply chain - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better-manage-your-supply-chain
SUPPLY CHAIN RISKS
Here is my work on supply chain - Blog - Strengthening
Sustainable Supply Chains to Lower Emissions -
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-strengthening-
sustainable-supply-chains-lower-emissions-
young/?trackingId=0fMZE9C8TgCO8T5PLbIIjQ%3D%
3D
Supply Chain Disruption / Suez
The Suez Canal is the latest example of how both the public
and private sectors need to embrace crisis management
including having their crisis management report audited
every year.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better-
manage-geopolitical-events
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 19
Source - https://supplychaingamechanger.com/top-10-
global-supply-chain-risks/
MONITORING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
ASSETS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 20
Blog – How best to Identify Climate Risks with Portfolios - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-how-best-identify-climate-
risks-portfolios-paul-young/?published=t
More monitoring tools - https://community.ibm.com/community/user/communities/community-
home?CommunityKey=3d7261ae-48f7-481d-b675-a40eb407e0fd
Insurance Risk - https://www.thezebra.com/resources/car-insurance/auto-insurance-predictions-2022/
BIODIVERSITY / INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 21
Blog – Biodiversity – Protecting Wildlife from Traffic and Human through Fending and other Measures –
Municipal and Local Government - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young-055632b_when-covid-
rules-kept-humans-home-wildlife-activity-7081633458157993984-
PjIf?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/animal-movement-gps-study-covid-1.6891448
Biodiversity is key part of ESG and Sustainability Reporting. More needs to be done with public sector
infrastructure including roads and bridges as part of mitigating issues with wildlife and their way of life.
Additional sources and links:
ESG - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/introductory-to-esg-and-sustainability-reportingpptx-
257524640
Protection - https://thefurbearers.com/blog/wildlife-fence-on-highway-400-will-save-lives-of-all-species/
ASSET MONITORING
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 22
VISUAL INSPECTION
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 23
KEY CONSTRUCTION METRICS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 24
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY F/S
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 25
ESG REPORTING
STANDARDS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 26
Planning Analytics Community post - https://community.ibm.com/community/user/businessanalytics/discussion/are-you-
ready-for-esg-and-sustainability-reporting-
standards?ReturnUrl=%2fcommunity%2fuser%2fbusinessanalytics%2fcommunities%2fcommunity-
home%2fdigestviewer%3fcommunitykey%3d8fde0600-e22b-4178-acf5-bf4eda43146b
ESG and Sustainability Standards have been finalized (IFRS S1 and IFRS S2). Planning Analytics along with Cognos
Analytics can play a key role with the ingestion of ESG data, especially for scope1, scope 2, and scope 3.
The operational planning cycle will likely include embedding ESG policies as part of the overall budgeting, forecasting,
planning and analysis cycle.
Addressing issues with data management will also play a key role with streamlining the regulatory and operational
reporting cycles.
Blog - First ISSB Reporting Standards Are Out, What Investors and Stakeholders Must Know for ESG and
Sustainability Reporting = https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young-055632b_first-issb-reporting-standards-are-
out-what-activity-7081586781371985920-P0CZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
SUMMARY
• Higher material costs continue plague the construction sector
• Cities want more focus on fixing existing infrastructure including roads and bridges
• Addressing issues with water, land, and forest management as part of future urban and rural planning
• Risk and Crisis mitigation plans for wildfires, floods, and other climate events
• Optimization of public transit systems
• Addressing issues with ports, intermodal, warehousing, and other areas as part of addressing issues with the
supply chain
• Streamlining regulations related to development of Oil, LNG, Critical Metals, metals, lumber, cement, and other
products related to the construction sector.
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 27
Blog – Sector – Construct
ion – What is next for the United States and Global Construction Sector – June
2023
Construction spending in the United States recorded $1.93 trillion in May, rising by 0.9%
compared to the previous month's revised figure, the US Census Bureau revealed in a report on
Monday. On an annual basis, the figure was 2.4% higher.
Spending on private construction came to $1.51 trillion, rising by 1.1% in comparison to the
reading in April. Residential construction jumped by 2.2% to $857 billion in April, while non-
residential construction rose 0.7% to $601 billion. Public construction came in at $656 billion,
which is 0.3% lower in comparison to the last month's figure.
Construction expenditure reached $741 billion in the first five months of this year, an increase of
2.9% from the same period in 2022.
Source: https://breakingthenews.net/Article/US-construction-spending-up-by-0.9-in-May/60260184
Additional links and sources:
Cost of Construction Materials - https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/economic/2023/07/ici-
construct
ion-economys-saving-grace-this-year-and-in-2024-linesight
Infrastructure - https://www
.tbsnews.net/analysis/chinas-23-trillion-infrastructure-plan-puts-americas-
shame-399178
Supply chain resiliency - https://www
.techradar
.com/pro/how-resilient-is-your-supply-chain
LNG - https://pgjonline.com/news/2023/june/venture-global-lng-seeks-approval-to-speed-up-plant-
construct
ion
Lithium and Argentina - https://www
.mining.com/web/argentina-to-begin-lithium-battery-production-
in-sept/
GDP / Growth - https://www
.advisorperspectives.com/commentaries/2023/07/03/2023-global-market-
outlook-slowly-slowing
Climate Change - https://www
.insurancejournal.com/magazines/mag-features/2023/07/03/727972.htm

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Construction Spending and Outlook - The USA and the World - June 2023 - Analysis and Commentary.pptx

  • 1. INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCTION SPENDING – THE USA AND THE WORLD Paul Young CPA CGA July 3, 2023
  • 2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO • CPA, CGA (1996) • Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2) • SME – Customer Success Management • SME – ESG and Sustainability Reporting & Policy Development • SME – Risk Management • SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting • SME – Public Policy • SME – Emerging Technology • SME – Business Process Change • SME – Financial Solutions • SME – Macro/Micro Indicators • SME – Supply Chain Management • SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform • SME – Internal Controls and Auditing Contact information email: paul.young_cga@outlook.com LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
  • 3. AGENDA • Infrastructure • Construction Spending - USA • Permits – Canada • Infrastructure gap • Supply chain issues • Monitoring assets and risk mitigation • Residential financial statements • Construction company financial statements • Summary PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 3
  • 4. WE FORUM / FOCUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE Source - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/four-big-infrastructure-trends-for-2021/ PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 4
  • 5. GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE – ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 5 Source - https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/ranking/road-infrastructure-spending
  • 6. WORLD INFRASTRUCTU RE SPENDING • Source - https://documents.worldbank.org/ en/publication/documents- reports/documentdetail/97057154 9037261080/hitting-the-trillion- mark-a-look-at-how-much- countries-are-spending-on- infrastructure or https://www.weforum.org/agenda/ 2019/04/infrastructure-gap-heres- how-to-solve-it/ PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 6
  • 7. IMF / INFRASTRUCTURE PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 7 Source - https://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/111920.htm
  • 8. CHINA AND GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE • China continues to build and finance infrastructure projects in Africa - http://www.sais-cari.org/data- chinese-contracts-in-africa • China and the Belt Road - https://www.constructionglobal.com/construction-projects/china-belt-and-road- initiative-spending-hit-pandemic • China and developing countries / loans - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-emerging- debt/database-reveals-secrets-of-chinas-loans-to-developing-nations-says-study-idUSKBN2BN0EY • China and supply chain - https://www.arabnews.com/node/1418636/business-economy • NATO and China’s control of transportation routes - https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2021/03/04/nato-grapples-with-grasping-chinas- transportation-clout-in-europe/ PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 8
  • 9. HISTORICAL USA INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING Source - https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/featured/infrastructure- productivity-boost-coronavirus PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 9
  • 10. INFRASTRUCTURE GAP / UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 10
  • 11. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 11
  • 12. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 12
  • 13. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 13
  • 14. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 14
  • 15. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 15
  • 16. BUILDING PERMITS/ CANADA Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build- better# PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 16
  • 17. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT INFRASTRUCTURE Source - https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2020/06/state-and-local-infrastructure-spending-a-closer-look PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 17
  • 18. SUPPLY CHAIN PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 18 Blog – How best to manage your supply chain. 1. Large container ships and emissions - https://www.bloombergquint.com/gadfly/huge-container-ships-biggest-problem-is-emissions 2. Port productivity - https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/tpm21-one%E2%80%99s-nixon-says-us-port-productivity-gaps-mean- congestion-months_20210302.html 3. Nearshoring - https://investmentmonitor.ai/manufacturing/think-nearshoring-will-bring-back-us-manufacturing-jobs-think-again/ Countries need to be more competitive with their policies in areas of taxation, environment, and other regulatory areas. 4. Data and AI will play a bigger role as part of supply chain management - https://www.scmr.com/article/the_future_of_supply_chain_management_is_ai_and_data 5. Ability of canal systems to handle the flow of goods - https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/suez-canal- mega-ships.html 6. Moving supply chain areas from China to manufacturers as part of moving away from China influence - https://www.news- press.com/story/opinion/2021/03/15/bring-critical-supply-chains-home-biden-china-mineral-markets/4692255001/ 7. Standardized ESG reporting including rankings in areas like human rights or environment or other areas – Blog - 10 key ESG and sustainability trends, ideas for both the Private and Public Sectors - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young- 055632b_10-key-esg-and-sustainability-trends-ideas-activity-7042799510351212545- hwpI?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop 8. Development of new logistic projects like one belt road - https://fortune.com/2021/03/24/china-belt-road-initiative-soft-power/ 9. Costs of moving freights - https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/fbx-index-looking-forward-3/ 10. Global inflation - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-11/inflation-is-already-creeping-into-some-corners-of-the-world Here is my work on the supply chain - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better-manage-your-supply-chain
  • 19. SUPPLY CHAIN RISKS Here is my work on supply chain - Blog - Strengthening Sustainable Supply Chains to Lower Emissions - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-strengthening- sustainable-supply-chains-lower-emissions- young/?trackingId=0fMZE9C8TgCO8T5PLbIIjQ%3D% 3D Supply Chain Disruption / Suez The Suez Canal is the latest example of how both the public and private sectors need to embrace crisis management including having their crisis management report audited every year. https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better- manage-geopolitical-events PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 19 Source - https://supplychaingamechanger.com/top-10- global-supply-chain-risks/
  • 20. MONITORING OF INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 20 Blog – How best to Identify Climate Risks with Portfolios - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-how-best-identify-climate- risks-portfolios-paul-young/?published=t More monitoring tools - https://community.ibm.com/community/user/communities/community- home?CommunityKey=3d7261ae-48f7-481d-b675-a40eb407e0fd Insurance Risk - https://www.thezebra.com/resources/car-insurance/auto-insurance-predictions-2022/
  • 21. BIODIVERSITY / INFRASTRUCTURE PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 21 Blog – Biodiversity – Protecting Wildlife from Traffic and Human through Fending and other Measures – Municipal and Local Government - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young-055632b_when-covid- rules-kept-humans-home-wildlife-activity-7081633458157993984- PjIf?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/animal-movement-gps-study-covid-1.6891448 Biodiversity is key part of ESG and Sustainability Reporting. More needs to be done with public sector infrastructure including roads and bridges as part of mitigating issues with wildlife and their way of life. Additional sources and links: ESG - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/introductory-to-esg-and-sustainability-reportingpptx- 257524640 Protection - https://thefurbearers.com/blog/wildlife-fence-on-highway-400-will-save-lives-of-all-species/
  • 26. ESG REPORTING STANDARDS PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 26 Planning Analytics Community post - https://community.ibm.com/community/user/businessanalytics/discussion/are-you- ready-for-esg-and-sustainability-reporting- standards?ReturnUrl=%2fcommunity%2fuser%2fbusinessanalytics%2fcommunities%2fcommunity- home%2fdigestviewer%3fcommunitykey%3d8fde0600-e22b-4178-acf5-bf4eda43146b ESG and Sustainability Standards have been finalized (IFRS S1 and IFRS S2). Planning Analytics along with Cognos Analytics can play a key role with the ingestion of ESG data, especially for scope1, scope 2, and scope 3. The operational planning cycle will likely include embedding ESG policies as part of the overall budgeting, forecasting, planning and analysis cycle. Addressing issues with data management will also play a key role with streamlining the regulatory and operational reporting cycles. Blog - First ISSB Reporting Standards Are Out, What Investors and Stakeholders Must Know for ESG and Sustainability Reporting = https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-young-055632b_first-issb-reporting-standards-are- out-what-activity-7081586781371985920-P0CZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
  • 27. SUMMARY • Higher material costs continue plague the construction sector • Cities want more focus on fixing existing infrastructure including roads and bridges • Addressing issues with water, land, and forest management as part of future urban and rural planning • Risk and Crisis mitigation plans for wildfires, floods, and other climate events • Optimization of public transit systems • Addressing issues with ports, intermodal, warehousing, and other areas as part of addressing issues with the supply chain • Streamlining regulations related to development of Oil, LNG, Critical Metals, metals, lumber, cement, and other products related to the construction sector. PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 27 Blog – Sector – Construct ion – What is next for the United States and Global Construction Sector – June 2023 Construction spending in the United States recorded $1.93 trillion in May, rising by 0.9% compared to the previous month's revised figure, the US Census Bureau revealed in a report on Monday. On an annual basis, the figure was 2.4% higher. Spending on private construction came to $1.51 trillion, rising by 1.1% in comparison to the reading in April. Residential construction jumped by 2.2% to $857 billion in April, while non- residential construction rose 0.7% to $601 billion. Public construction came in at $656 billion, which is 0.3% lower in comparison to the last month's figure. Construction expenditure reached $741 billion in the first five months of this year, an increase of 2.9% from the same period in 2022. Source: https://breakingthenews.net/Article/US-construction-spending-up-by-0.9-in-May/60260184 Additional links and sources: Cost of Construction Materials - https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/economic/2023/07/ici- construct ion-economys-saving-grace-this-year-and-in-2024-linesight Infrastructure - https://www .tbsnews.net/analysis/chinas-23-trillion-infrastructure-plan-puts-americas- shame-399178 Supply chain resiliency - https://www .techradar .com/pro/how-resilient-is-your-supply-chain LNG - https://pgjonline.com/news/2023/june/venture-global-lng-seeks-approval-to-speed-up-plant- construct ion Lithium and Argentina - https://www .mining.com/web/argentina-to-begin-lithium-battery-production- in-sept/ GDP / Growth - https://www .advisorperspectives.com/commentaries/2023/07/03/2023-global-market- outlook-slowly-slowing Climate Change - https://www .insurancejournal.com/magazines/mag-features/2023/07/03/727972.htm

Editor's Notes

  1. https://s25.q4cdn.com/885823474/files/doc_financials/2021/ar/CENTURY-COMMUNITIES-INC.-2021-ANNUAL-REPORT.pdf