Compare And Contrast Communism, Socialism, And Capitalism

Compare and Contrast Communism, Socialism, and Capitalism
What is communism? Communism is a term used broadly to designate a 'theory or system of social
organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the
community as a whole or to the state.' It refers to the doctrine which underlines the revolutionary
movement which aims to abolish capitalism and ultimately to establish a society in which all goods
will be socially owned, all economic activates socially planned and controlled, and in which all
distributions will be in accordance with the maxim. German author Emil Ludwig described the
maxim as "for each according to his capacity, to each according to his need."(1) It is to be
distinguished from socialism which aims by constitutional and democratic ... Show more content on
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As mentions before socialism is the doctrine that espouses public ownership or control of a major
means of production. It aims to achieve an equitable and efficient distribution of social goods and
greater economic planning then exist under capitalism. Although the central concerns of socialism
appears to be economic its ramifications extend to the moral, social and political realms, in fact
together with nationalism, it is the leading ideological and political movement of the 20th century. It
is considered to be the transitional phase between the capitalism and communism. Thus, you would
find all communists advocating for socialism because it lays the foundations for communism. It
advocates an egalitarian society where everyone shares equal wealth and power. There is a
considerable disagreement over how the distribution should take place. Hence, socialism can be said
to be between extreme capitalism and extreme communism with it being nearer to communism.
Socialism is liberal. More people have say in how the economy works. (5) The basic principles of
contempary socialism have their origin in the economic, social and cultural transformations of
Europe which occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries. Contributing factors were the Industrial
Revolution and the rise of the bourgeois' and proletarian classes, the enlightenment's secular and
rationalistic view of men and society, and the democratic demands of the French Revolution. Social
ownership and
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Nietzsche Forgiveness And Forgetfulness
Philosophical Anthropology (Seminar) – Term Paper (Draft)
Krishna S (0607197)
In this paper, I am going to elucidate on the significance of the concepts of forgiveness and
forgetfulness in Hannah Arendt and Friedrich Nietzsche's conceptualization of human action and
agency.
Remedial Action: Forgiveness and Promise
Hannah Arendt in her book, The Human Condition, delineates the three fundamental human
activities that set up the Vita Activa: Labour, Work and Action. Arendt constitutes them to be
fundamental because each of these "corresponds to one of the basic conditions under which life on
earth has been given to man". (Arendt, 1958:7). Arendt's conceptualizes labour as the Sisyphean
tasks of our life. It includes all the necessary and repetitive ... Show more content on
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Rather it carries the introjected and incorporated objects from his/her life. Freud develops a
framework for the subject where the Unconscious is in a hyphen with the Other's discourse. In
melancholia, Freud postulates, that the 'love object' is kept alive by being held captive in the inner
world of the subject. The shadow of the object is incorporated, thus splitting the ego into the one
[who] seeks to detach the libido from the object [thus allowing the subject to live and the object to
die], the other to maintain this position of the libido [which is bonded to the immortal internal
version of the object. (Freud, 1917). The subject here is not a foreclosed, substantive 'I'. It is in an
infinite wait with the other. The subject is the other: the affective shadow of the object is the Othered

The African American Artist By White Anglo Saxon...
"Although dominated by white Anglo–Saxon sociocultural patterns, American culture is in fact a
tapestry woven of diverse threads that include Native American, Hispanic, Asian and African
traditions, as well as those of European origin" (Craven, 2003, p. 529). America is often described as
the melting pot; the concept of culture is formulated around the notion of many subcultures inside
one larger nation in which, "the melting pot has not merely melted; it has cooked a broth with an
unmistakable favor of its own" (Perry, 1949, p. 357). Many painters took up the plight of those who
were not sharing fully in the American dream (Craven, 2003, p. 564). Evidence of this is in the
visual images throughout the course of American history of what the overall ideology of American
culture summarizes enabling one to perceive what Americans' daily lives were like in the past, how
it is seen now in the present, and what it may reflect in the future. The African American artist
Robert Gwathmey (1903–88) painted pictures of the social injustices meted out to blacks to keep
them in poverty (Craven, 2003, p. 546). He captured the true aesthetics of the African American
culture and what dreams/aspirations they hoped to achieve, even portraying the struggle of their
adversities. His painting entitled "Belle" (1965) portrays the destitution, discrimination, and
amateurish methods of white supremacy reflected on the blacks psyche in America. Grant Wood,
another American artist, painted the

In Defence of Marx's Account of the Nature of Capitalist...
In Defence of Marx's Account of the Nature of Capitalist Exploitation
ABSTRACT: According to Marx, "at any given epoch of a given society, [there is] a quantity of
necessaries [recognized as] the necessaries of life habitually required by the average worker." The
variations in the type and amount of goods recognized as necessary for life between different epochs
and different societies is due to the different 'physical conditions' and to the different 'degrees of
civilization' and 'comfort' prevalent. In advanced capitalist societies, the necessities of life include a
heated dwelling, food, clothing, and access to some means of transportation, be it public or private.
However, the average laborer in advanced capitalist societies has ... Show more content on
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But the average laborer in advanced capitalist society has access not only to the necessaries of life
but to a variety of luxury items as well. For example, the average worker has access to at least some
subset of the following luxury items: "fine" food and drink; an automobile; a television set; a hi–fi
set.
In this paper, I will (I) explain Marx's theory of the nature of capitalist exploitation; and (II) indicate
how the phenomenon described in the previous paragraph may be interpreted as evidence against
Marx's theory, and sketch an interpretation of this phenomenon according to which it is consistent
with Marx's theory. My interpretation will suggest that the average worker's access to luxury items
can be explained by the necessity in capitalism of reproducing the working class.
(I) In some of his early works, Marx suggests that the poverty of the workers goes hand in hand with
capitalist production. For example, in "Alienated Labor" he claims that in capitalist society, "labor
produces marvels for the wealthy but it produces deprivation for the worker" (61). Indeed, "so much
does the realization of labor appear as diminution [of the worker] that the worker is diminished to
the point of starvation" (61).
This view, that as a necessary result of the capitalist mode of production the average

Comparison Between Hard Times and Communist Manifesto
Throughout history, a divide has always existed between the rich and poor in society. However,
during the Industrial Revolution in Victorian England, this rift reached its peak. The working class
labored for long hours and received miniscule wages, whereas the bourgeoisie grew abundantly
wealthy through the labor of the working class. Published in 1848 and 1854 respectively, Karl
Marx's The Communist Manifesto and Charles Dickens' Hard Times both comment on these
troubles. While Hard Times is a novel which tells a story and The Communist Manifesto is a short
publication which tries to bring about social change, both writings offer a sharp critique of the class
antagonism brought about by capitalism at the height of the Industrial ... Show more content on
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Furthermore, like many members of the bourgeoisie, Bounderby tries to better himself at the
expense of the proletarians. While Bounderby was a member of the lower class in his youth, he has
completely turned his back on them. He treats the proletarians with contempt, and he believes that
all the proletarians desire "to be fed on turtle soup and venison, with a gold spoon." Dickens is
creating an irony here. Bounderby believes that all the proletarians want to get rich without working,
yet the proletarians are actually doing all the excruciating work in the society. However, the wealth
is not going to the proletarians but to Bounderby himself. In contrast, the protagonist of the novel is
Stephen Blackpool, who represents the average proletarian. He is not very educated, he works long
hours at a difficult factory job, and he gets paid very little for this job. Blackpool is a tragic character
who is constantly being taken advantage of by members of higher classes. Bounderby takes
advantage of Blackpool through wage labor, and Tom Gradgrind takes advantage of him by framing
him for the bank robbery. This all leads to a life full of sufferings, including exile from Coketown
and an untimely death. Blackpool would be a perfect model for Marx in order to showcase the
sufferings of the proletarians in Victorian England. Bounderby had complete control over
Blackpool. Bounderby could decide

Essay on karl marx
Karl Marx is one of the most reputed philosophers of the 19th Century. Born in 1818 in a middle
class family, Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin and later plunged deeper into the ideas of Hegel
and Feurbach (Wheen, 2007). It is after receiving his doctorate in philosophy in 1841 from the
University of Jena that he moved with his family to Paris where he became a radical revolutionary
communist and teamed up with Friedrich Engels, another radical philosopher of his time. They
collectively authored the pamphlet "The Communist Manifesto" which was later published in 1848.
In this pamphlet, Marx passionately asserted that all human history was dominated by class
struggles. Furthermore, he predicted that they would culminate into the fall of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Karl Marx on Class and Class Conflict. According to Karl Marx, society is stratified into classes.
The classes comprise the bourgeoisies, land–owners and the proletariat. The propertied–upper–class
is the minority, while the proletariats are the majority. Wood (2004) notes Marx's dissection of the
dominant features of each of these classes in most of his works. For example, the bourgeoisies own
the means of production. This is due to the huge investments they have made into factories and
machines in the industries. The land owners have rent as their primary source of income. The
proletariats are owners of cheap labor which they offer in exchange for wages that they use for their
basic subsistence (Collins & Sanderson, 2008).
Investment gives the bourgeoisies a lot of profit. Marx conceptualized the structure of the society in
relation to the two major classes. He is focused on the inherent struggles between the proletariat and
bourgeoisies which is the engine that pushes the occurrence of social change through revolutionary
movements. In the understanding of Marxists, class is defined by the level of wealth and power that
one possesses (Wood, 2004). This power is

Smith vs. Marx
Smith versus Marx – A Comparison
S. Glen Balanoff
July 04, 2004
Smith versus Marx – A Comparison
Modern economic society can be described as a combination of certain points from several theories
combined into one. Changing dynamics and economic needs of nations has spawned a development
of various, and contrasting, economic systems throughout the world. Perhaps the two most
contrasting philosophies seen in existence today are that of capitalism and communism. The two
philosophers most notably recognized for their views on these economic systems are Adam Smith
and Karl Marx. This paper will identify several fundamental aspects of economic philosophy as
described by Smith and Marx, and will compare and contrast the views of these ... Show more
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Smith believed that self, self–interest, and self–determination, all were mechanisms where
individuals are motivated to gain wealth and power for individual gain and group gain. Smith
believed that ‘self' is a matrix of reason and passion (Levine, 1998). Furthermore, Smith believed
that sympathy leads to empathy, and our individual self–determination leads to accumulation of
wealth that benefits others as well as us (Levine, 1998). Examples of this concept are evident in our
current economic society today. We see Bill Gates and Microsoft providing technology to
communicate more efficiently, Henry Ford's posterity changing the transportation market, and many
others who impact man with their accumulation of wealth.
The simplistic perception of capitalist society varies greatly among Smith and Marx. Smith believed
that capitalism is a mechanism designed to curb man's selfishness and put it to work for the general
good of all (Baumol, 1976). Conversely, Marx believed that capitalism is based on neither good nor
evil, but a product of historical circumstances or experience (Baumol, 1976). Marx also believed
that the law of motion in capitalism frustrates, rather than facilitates, the individual ends (wealth).
Marx believed that wealth divides capitalists by class, and that workers must develop in a universal
class (Levine, 1998). Marx also disagreed with Smith in believing that production must cease to be a
labor process if it

Marx and the Bourgeoisie Essay
In this essay I plan to analyze the claim by Karl Marx that the bourgeoisie class produces its own
"gravediggers". I will first present a definition of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes along
with what Marx means by his claim. After discussing Marx's claim and his support I will assert that
his claim is false and was based on a false assumption. I will argue that Marx does not allow the
possibility of an adaptation on behalf of the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, that Marx contradicts his
claim with his own ideologies from his critique of capitalism. Finally, Marx adopts historical
determinism to support his view which has proven to be flawed. The claim that the bourgeoisie
produces its own gravediggers is based on circumstantial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of
development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange." (Marx, 424).
In this sense, the bourgeoisie have the ability to change since they themselves are products of
revolutions. In other terms, the bourgeoisie are an always changing class that has found ways to stay
in power through political hegemony over the proletariat class. Marx conjures the proper
preconditions for a successful rebellion but again contradicts himself through his own ideologies.
Although Marx believes that capitalism will be responsible for the proletariat rebellion it is the same
system that will estrange man from each other and thus prevent a successful revolt.
Marx asserts certain preconditions that must exist in order for a rebellion to take place. Marx
believes that capitalism provides these preconditions and therefore a revolt by the proletariat class is
inevitable. As discussed in Professor Kathryn Walker's lecture, Marx describes four preconditions
for a successful social rebellion, "A mass of people for rebellion, a problem to rebel against, a
common experience and identification of the problem." (Walker, 2005). Marx is correct in
identifying the necessary preconditions yet does not take into consideration that just because the
conditions are set does not mean a rebellion is inevitable. Marx displays how

Essay about Bravely J. Silver's Forces of Labour
There are several sociological theories in the study of contemporary labor unrest. However, this
essay will start off to examine the rationale of capital mobility and labor transformation processes,
as a coherent point of departure. To what extent is this approach significant? A simple answer is the
sociological framework of Silver (2003), which is our central focus, is in contrast with the above
approaches. Therefore, it's imperative to provide an overview of what Silver was critical about.
Silver conceived that the above approaches and numerous other literatures about labor unrest and
globalization comprise severe methodological ramifications. Contrary to these she states that a
coherent methodology should be able to situate ways in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last section
In this section, we aim to explain ways in which the conceptualization of the "race to bottom"
generates different sociological interpretations. Although proponents of this thesis contradicts each
other in abstractions, yet they agreed that the impact of the late twentieth century has led to what
Zolberg (1995) calls an entire extinction of the social fabric, which sustains working class formation
(cited in Silver, 2003:1). The most polemic explanation to this trend, however, is central to the
impact of capital mobility and modifications of modern processes of a global capital accumulation;
of which both ushered under the archetype of what Silver calls the "rubric of globalization" (2003).
In the analysis that follows, we shall evaluate the degree to which "hypermobility of productive
capital" is hyped in explicating contemporary labor unrest. To this extent, we can now turn to
explore the effect of Multinational Corporations on existing labor unrest.
It has been shown that multinational corporations did enhance a thriving global job market, yet it
has unleashed a terminal effect to the traditional characteristics of working class. To this extent,
global workers were not only forced into frantic competition, but their most influential instrument –
"barging power" has been diametrically devalued (2003:4). Buttressing this view, the

Research Paper On Andy Warhol
Biography Andy Warhol, U.S. painter, film– maker and figure in Pop Art movement (BBC, 2011).
Studied at Carnegie Institute of Technology then moved to New York in 1949 (BBC, 2011). Andy in
1960's experimented with reproductions on advertisements, newspapers headlines and other mass
productions such as Coca Cola bottles and Campbell's Soup tins (BBC, 2011). Andy started in 1962,
portraits of Marilyn Monroe, Jackie Kennedy and Elvis Presley. Andy Warhol's studio, also known
as Factory, that is where he began working on experimenting films establishing a meeting point for
artists, actors and musician (BBC, 2011). In 1968 Warhol was shot at the studio by Valerie Solanas
(BBC, 2011). Throughout the 1970's– 1980's, Warhol's exhibitions

Essay on Durkheim and Marx Theories Applied to Drug Laws
All societies have rules and regulations as well as penalties for those who violate them. There are
numerous theories about the philosophy behind these laws and punishments, and the reasons we
implement them. A short analysis of two of these perspectives can shed light on the differences
between the various ideas while illustrating that, in reality, each theory carries some validity.
Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx's perspectives on the law are significantly different. Durkheim's
view is based upon the belief that a society's legal system reflects the values of society as a whole,
while Marx's view is based upon the belief that laws reflect a continuing conflict between the
classes. An examanation of how these two perspectives perceive ... Show more content on
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David Garland agrees with this and writes, "penal measures are shaped not just by patterns of
criminality–– themselves linked to the conditions of life of marginal groups and their relation to
other classes–– but primarily by governmental perceptions of the poor as a social problem and the
preferred strategies for their treatment (page 134)."
In the late 1980's and early 1990's, drug use became a major concern for most Americans. As the
War on Drugs and "Just Say No" campaign were being thrust into the spotlight by the government
and media, the public became more aware of the scope of drug use and abuse in this country. The
federal and states' governments quickly responded by creating and implementing more harsh and
punitive punishments for drug offenses. Most of these laws have either remained unchanged or
become stricter in the years since then.
According to the Durkheimian perspective, the public sees drug use as an unacceptable behavior and
recognizes it as a threat to morality and values. As such, drug users must be punished in order to
restore societal harmony and deter future offenses. The increasingly punitive reaction to drug use in
the 1980's can be seen as a reaction to the public's increasing perception that drugs are a threat to the
moral fabric of society. By inflicting severe punishment on drug offenders, the community is
satisfied with the knowledge that drug addicts are paying for

Compare And Contrast Karl Jaspers And Jaspers
What is philosophy? Is it the knowledge that only the insane seek? Is it a path to wisdom we will
never be able to secure? Oxford defines it as "the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge,
reality, and existence". With that being said who can be a philosopher? Does it take extensive years
of training? Maybe it's simply the thoughts you have. Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger have two
very contrasting views on the topic. Karl Jaspers was born in Germany in 1883. Originally he
studied law at the University of Heidelberg then later switched to medicine. He received his
doctorate in medicine and began working at a psychiatric hospital. He was displeased with the
conditions and tried looking for ways to better the ways mental illness was treated. Through his
work he received a doctorate in psychology before he finally became a full time professor. In 1933
the Nazi's seized power and he was forced to "retire" from teaching. He was deemed to have a
"Jewish taint" because his wife was Jewish. His publications were banned and he later moved to
Karl Jaspers believed that everyone is a philosopher, especially children and the insane. Children
come equipped with all the tools needed to be philosophers. They raise the questions that are
believed to be simple until asked. Children are hardly ever satisfied with a singular answer and
always enquire further. Children have a tendency to ask "why" maybe because of the simplicity of
their linguistics or maybe because they are hungry. I

Karl Marx and the Ideal Society Essay
Karl Marx and the Ideal Society
One of the greatest debates of all time has been regarding the issue of the freedom of mankind. The
one determining factor, for Marx, it that freedom is linked with class conflict. As a historian, Karl
Marx traced the history of mankind by the ways in which the economy operated and the role of
classes within the economy. For Marx, the biggest question that needed to be answered was "Who
owns freedom?" With this in mind, Marx gives us a solution to both the issues of freedom and class
conflict in his critique of capitalism and theory of communism, which is the ideal society for Marx.
His theory of communism is based on the "ultimate end of human history" because there will be
freedom for all humankind. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marx dismissed the relevance of all but two of these classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,
because they didn't have any real impact on society as a whole. They weren't in a position to exploit
labor. His theory focuses on the conflict and antagonism between those who owned the modes of
production, the bourgeoisie, and those who were forced into selling their labor to them, the
proletariat. As Marx saw it, "class is about the transfer of surplus (profit) from below and the
exercise of power from above". The class with the means of material production also has the means
of intellectual control. Those in charge have a political doctrine to control their interests, at whatever
cost. This led to what Marx terms "brain colonization". The concept of ideology was used in the
defense of capitalism. It was a strategy used to support the system and keep the workers concerns
quieted. Liberalism was the ideology used by the bourgeoisie. Marx said, "Liberal ideology is used
to blind the workers to the injustice of exploitation". It was an official veil to persuade the masses
that they are free by extolling the myths of progress to them. They argued that since slavery was no
longer used for labor, the workers were indeed free. The workers were also told to find happiness
and freedom through religion for their material conditions were as

How Did Marcel Duchamp's Use Of Imagery In Pop Art
Pop Art c. 1952–1970
Pop art began to emerge in the early 1950s as a result of a booming, capitalist American economy
that followed the Second World War. A sense of optimism arose nationwide with new job security,
healthy incomes and an absence of military obligations. Post war marriage and baby booms yielded
the 'largest generation in the nations history'. The American dream was born and idealized in the
media through advertising. Research undertaken by sociologists into consumer habits and behavior
became a marketing strategy and corporations adapted their production by tapping into what was
fashionable and desirable among the masses.
The exponentially growing population gave way to a social group that had never before been
established in its own right, teenagers. Now that families could afford to give their children a
wholesome education, this age group no longer had to spend their days contributing to the family
income at work, which left more time and freedom for leisure activities. As adolescents began to
follow popular music and culture, the concept of popular culture exploded in America. This in turn
is from where the movement of Pop art was derived. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marcel Duchamp's concept of the objet trouvé or ready–made as subject matter and material for his
work inspired the use of popular imagery in Pop art. The use of trivial imagery in his work brought
art into the every day world and made the every day world into art. In his book Pop Art, Tilman
Osterwold declares 'Dada combined advertising, images and texts, slogans, revolutionary films,
assemblages, theatre and performances' in its art. It was this idea of reality dubbed as art that later
inspired Andy Warhol in his Campbell's Soup

The Link Between the Industrial Revolution and Socialism...
The Industrial Revolution was period of rapid economic and social growth during the mid 18th and
early 19th centuries. The new found power of coal and iron made for many new innovations in
machinery. Not all of the Industrial Revolution's changes were physical. A new ideology arose from
the sweat of the working class: socialism. Socialism is a political theory advocating state or
collective ownership of property and industry opposed to private ownership. To fully understand the
relationship between the Industrial Revolution and socialism, one must first be comfortable with the
Revolution and its changes, socialism itself, and the fine line of events linking the two together. The
Revolution began in Britain and over the course of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once in complete control, it would abandon its dictatorship to form a higher state of democracy then
had been seen before. He thought then that the classes which separated people would surely fall as
the bourgeois withered away. He believed that people must liberate themselves. On the other hand,
Eduard Bernstein's revisionist socialism wanted the proletariat to rise to power through democratic
office and reforms. He believed that the change should be more of an evolution rather than a
revolution. The revisionist also did not want the proletariat to be in total control. The socialists,
believing everyone is equal, saw that the proletariat was being treated poorly and knew that would
have to change. The cruel working conditions and little civil rights made a gap that no single man
could cross without help. Many believed that socialism was the key. Socialism grew from the
problems of the Industrial Revolution. The relationship of the Revolution to socialism was that of a
problem to a solution, respectively. If not for the Industrial Revolution, the problems between the
classes would never have grown so apparent. Then again, without the Industrial Revolution the
world would be stuck in the past. While the Industrial Revolution shaped the modern world of today,
it also caused problems that, in theory, only

Similarities Between Ancient Greece And China Essay
1. Using three civilizations as examples, describe the concept of the Axial Age The concept of axial
age was introduced into the sphere of philosophical knowledge by German existentialist philosopher
Karl Jaspers for characterizing the period of ancient history during about the 8th to the 3rd century
BC. In this period of time we have developed a fundamentally new religious beliefs and doctrines
that promoted human and cultural values of the era. Jaspers described the Axial Age as an
interregnum between two ages of great empire, a pause for liberty, a deep breath bringing the most
lucid consciousness. Jaspers argued that during the Axial Age, the spiritual foundations of humanity
were laid simultaneously and independently in China, India, Persia, Judea and Greece. And these are
the foundations upon which humanity still subsists today. Consider, for example Greece, India and
China. Ancient Greece up to the 6th century BC was on a par with other civilizations by the level of
spiritual development. Hellenic culture range was one of those, whose coordinate system covers the
problems of family, God, nature and Eros. As a general rule, the mentality of this culture consisted
the two vectors – Apollonian and Dionysian. Dionysian beginning was aimed at the satisfaction of
the instinctual needs, as opposed to the Apollonian, whose essence consisted of creative and
scientific elements. The widespread fall of the monarchy and the actualization role of the nation
brought Hellenic

According to Marx, How Does Capitalism Alienate Workers?...
SS 2029 Basic Sociology
2011–2012 (Semester A)
Individual Term Paper
CHEUNG Kai–HO
(52596777)
7. According to Marx, how does capitalism alienate workers? How did Marx feel that workers could
overcome their alienation?
1. Abstract
Alienation, a term used to describe the feeling of no connection with others or the separation from
former attachment. When it comes to sociologist aspect, especially on Marxism, this term describes
the stage of losing one's identity. To Karl Marx's belief, Alienation means the loss of control over the
process and product of work (Bell, 1959). Thus, under the capitalism, workers are alienated by the
production system.
2. Content A
First and foremost, from Marx's point of view, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most important part is that, the final outputs of production belonged to the producers, whether
sell them or not was totally depended on them. But in Marx's time, factory owners, which mean
capitalists, paid money to workers in return of labor force to carry out productions. Let aside the
boring rigid production actions, the products belonged to the factory owners, not the workers.
Workers had no control over the products and what products should they produce. So, Marx stated
that this was one of the four aspects of alienation.
Furthermore, this alienation also creates a negative effect on workers. In Marx's writing Economic
& Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, he said:
All these consequences are implied in the statement that the worker is related to the product of labor
as to an alien object. For on this premise it is clear that the more the worker spends himself, the
more powerful becomes the alien world of objects which he creates over and against himself, the

poorer he himself – his inner world – becomes, the less belongs to him as his own. (Economic
& Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844)
We can see that Marx believed that workers' labor force become an external object that is alien to
them. This external object will be a hostile force:
The alienation of the worker in his product

What Are the Differences and Similarities Between Marx's...
Essay: What are the differences and similarities between Marx's and Weber's understandings of
capitalist society?
Introduction
Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Max Weber (1864–1920) are two remarkable founding fathers of
Sociology. Both of them spent huge effort to study the rise of capitalist society. Marx created
conflict theory paradigm called Marxism while Weber inspired the symbolic interactionism, both
paradigm are still influential nowaday. This paper would try to discuss the differences and
similarities of their understanding of the historical development of capitalist society; their view on
social stratification on capitalist society and their understanding on the operation and future
prediction of the capitalist society in three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In short, the methodology of Marx and Weber adopted to analysis the development of capitalist
society is different. Both of them may share some similarity in the sense that they included
economic condition as a factor, but the differ in the sense that Marx believe in 'historical
materialism' and argue that class relation of production is the sole determinant of the society; Weber,
on the opposite, reject Marx's idea of economic determinism and argued that the development of
capitalist society is explain by combination of unique and contingent events, such as the religion
reformation of catholic church to protestant church, also led to the change in people's economic
orientation and thus the development of capitalist society. Such a division in methodology is
important to our understanding of their different understanding of the theory of the stratification of
'class', an important concept in the understanding of capitalist society.
Understanding of the stratification of capitalist society
Class is an analytical framework introduced by sociologists. Marx and Weber shared a similar
definition towards it. In the broadest sense, class is a category classifying people with similar
economic situations. For Marx, class is determinate by the ownership and control of means of
production and for Weber, class is determined by the life chances in

Marxism in Metropolis Essay
Metropolis is a silent movie by Fritz Lang made in 1927 Germany. The movie has multiple themes
and implies many things about modern day theories and views. The movie entails many views on
Marxism, capitalism, Industrialism, and organized religion, mostly. Marxism is supported in the
movie, capitalism is not supported in the movie, Industrialism is partially supported, and Organized
Religion is not supported. Marxism is shown is supported in Metropolis by showing the horrid
results of what could have been prevented if Marxism had been used. Marxism is the theory that the
working class deserves respect, because without them, nothing would be possible. It is essentially
sympathy for the working class. Johann Frederson, the leader of ... Show more content on
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In the movie, industrialism is partially advocated because without technology and industrialization
the world would still be in the Stone Age. Phones, calculators, and computers are needed for a
functional society, and that is where the partial support comes from. Industrialization is partially
opposed because in the movie, it goes too far. The machine is needed for the society to function in
the movie but eventually, people are needed to make the machine function. So in the end, Frederson
ends up making workers work for the machine, so the machine could benefit the world, negating the
whole point of the machine (not having to do human labor). Lastly is Metropolis's view of organized
religion. The movie opposes organized religion. Organized religion refers to organization of people
supporting the exercise of some religion with a prescribed set of beliefs, often taking the form of a
legal entity. In relation to the movie, the legal entity would be Maria. This is because the workers are
obsessed with Maria with almost slavish devotion. Hel, a robot that resembles and replaces Maria,
starts sparking violence in the workers. The workers listen to Hel's revolutionary talks of revolting
and follow its directions. The slavish devotion causes uproar and flood before the workers realize
that Hel was utterly and completely wrong. This is against organized religion because it is saying
that complete faith in one thing or person is not right. Metropolis is a movie that

Communism In The U.S. Essay
Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political
and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is
the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the
form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work,
according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or
working class, would revolt against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark
contrast prevalent between the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people,
would produce not for profit, but for the needs of the people. ... Show more content on
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There was a nationwide "Red Scare".
After the death of USSR leader Joseph Stalin, reports were made about his method for controlling
his country. The Khrushchev Reports, as they were called, revealed the brutal tactics that Stalin used
in marshaling resources to accomplish his objectives. If discord was detected, Stalin and his regime
were quick in suppression, at any cost. This had a disastrous affect upon the American Communist
movement. For, it was Stalin that the members of this party most highly regarded. These revelations
were so disheartening that, within two years, the membership of the American Communist party
declined by more than 80%. The will of the believers had been crippled.
American government and society, as seen through events such as the McCarthy hearings, displayed
a "Communist" as an evil, traitorous, spy. They were portrayed as contrary to all American ideals, as
wanting the destruction of democracy and freedom, by means of force. However, the communists, in
actuality, were none of the kind. Firstly, they were individuals who believed in Socialism, not
Communism. Furthermore, they did not want the demise of democracy through revolt. Rather, they
wanted to change the political structure through their right to vote, a democratic right. These

Social Stratification and Class Essay
Today in the United States, we read in the newspapers constantly about the state of "classes" in our
country. For instance, it is often said at tax time that the Federal budget is balanced on the backs of
the "middle class." To people in the "lower class," the promise is held that in a capitalist society, by
working hard you can lift yourself out of the lower income bracket to join the "middle class."
Entrepreneurs who can "find a need and fill it" can make it into the "upper class." The point is that
this kind of thinking, a product of "social stratification theory," is ingrained upon our minds. As a
society, we accept it as a fact that we live in a multi–tiered "class" system, and that this is the way it
should be because it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of a social stratification model can be made of the Feudal System, with a dominant
nobility (betters). Barons were at the upper strata, higher than the knights, who were at a lower
strata. The subjected masses (lessers) were serfs and peasants; undoubtedly some were more clever
and successful than others who occupied a lower strata. Another model would be the current United
States, where the social strata starts with the "upper–upper class," the "upper class," the "upper–
middle class," and so on down to the poor, or "lower–lower" class. In highly detailed social
stratification models, trends and analyses are very complex. An excellent example of this is The
Process of Stratification: Trends and Analyses by Robert Hauser and David Featherman. The many
pages of tables and detailed analysis are exceedingly difficult to comprehend, which makes them
difficult to use. A model of social stratification is a snapshot in time which details the society as it
exists at that time. In The Persistence of Social Inequality in America, John Dalphin states that
"social stratification suggests that a society has divisions, cleavages, or splits within it. More
specifically, it means that a society is divided into hierarchically arranged levels of families (and,

Emile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Emile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx
Durkheim vs. Marx Introduction: For so many years, authorities from each field have deliberated
normative theories to explain what holds the society together. Almost each specialist, from structural
functionalism, positivism and conflict theory perspective, had contributed their works trying to
illustrate main problematic to our society. In one way, one of the Emile Durkheim's famous work is
"division of labor" which was primarily focusing on how the society could maintain their "integrity
and coherence" in this modern society, when the power of boundary from religious and moral
standards have no longer be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though terms such as "Bourgeoisie" and "Proletariat" are difficult to remember, they are just words
to identify two classes– capitalist and worker. According to Ritzer, as a conflict theorist, Marx
categorized alienation into four particular types. First of all, labors in capitalist society are alienated
from their "productive activity". It simply means workers do not produce items based on their needs
or ideas. They are just simply following instructions, instead of creating or directly satisfying their
own needs. For example, worker A needs some wheat and corn to feed himself and his family,
instead of going to grow corn by himself, he choose to go working for the capitalist, get pay–check,
and buy the wheat and corn in a super–store. In other words, the Capitalist gains control of the
worker. Secondly, in capitalist society, labors are alienated from the product. It means workers
produced products that completely belong to the capitalists, no matter how desperate the worker
needs. For example, there was a comic picture on newspaper about a story that a worker worked for
a bakery factory starving for death. Thirdly, workers in capitalist society are alienated from their
associates. According to Marx, capitalists assume that cooperation in capitalism is disrupted,
therefore they requires "less talk, more work" as principal in capitalism work place. Finally, labors
in capitalist society are alienated from their own human potential, which means at work place in

Flower Festival: Feast of Santa Anita
Flower Festival: Feast of Santa Anita By Diego Rivera
Diego Rivera was born on December 8, 1886 in Guanajuato, Mexico. His love of art showed early
on as he began drawing as a child. Around the age of 10, Rivera was able to study art at the San
Carlos Academy of Fine Arts in Mexico City. One of his early influences was artist José Posada who
ran a print shop near Rivera's school. In 1907, Rivera traveled to Europe to further his art studies.
There, he became friends with other leading artists of the day, including Pablo Picasso.
Everywhere he looked, Rivera saw potential pieces of art. This is what the Mexican master of the
fresco said after he returned from a stay in Europe. Rivera would often speak of his love for the
common ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think that the "fitting together" of his painting and the design and composition does show a certain
care for what is painted and portrays everyone as connected. The symmetry of the piece also, in my
opinion, makes it that much more visually appealing. Everything appears balanced and harmonious.
This painting, among many others Diego had created, was a part of the Social Realism movement in
Mexico. The common artwork during this time was completed as murals depicting the hardships and
plights of the laborers and common people of this time period. I really enjoy the bold lines and
bright colors in this piece. It appears very balanced while taking up the entire canvas. The figures in
the painting are bulky and well defined. If you look at the painting, at every aspect of it, you can
imagine the story Diego was trying to tell. In my mind, the priest is carrying the white calla lilies
representing the Savior's light. The bundles of red flowers laying all around may be representative of
bloodshed or simply the hardships of the people. The light is coming to save them all. The three
kneeling girls in the front are imploring aid from the Savior. The bright colors are used to counter
the times where everything was bleak for them. I think that Rivera was simply trying to remind
people that though times may seem bad and things look very dark, things will always get better. No
matter what darkness has come into your life, putting your faith in God will see you

The Rise Of Pop Art
In the 1940s the United States and the allies were in the midst of a deadly war against their Nazi–
German counterparts, World War II officially ended in 1945 and the Allies were victorious. In the
early 1950s the post–war economic boom in both the United States of America and Great Britain,
gave the people optimism and money to spend as the super markets were filled with all kinds of
consumer goods . The economy was good and people were happy.
Capitalizing on the post–war economic boom of the 1950s were advertisers. Advertising persuaded
many, it told people what was popular, what was good, and what to buy. Advertising and glossy
magazines were found everywhere, in the street, the highway, and even at the comfort of your own
house as you opened the newspaper. This mass marketing phenomenon was incorporated with the
rise of Pop Art. It paved the way for iconic artist such as Andy Warhol and Jasper Johns .
With the rise of this bona fide American phenomenon also brought critics. Critics asked and
wondered how a can of soup or a soft drink could be considered art. Pop artist, Andy Warhol
responded by stating, "Art is what you can get away with." What made pop art popular? It was
brash, transient, witty, hostile, young, mass produced, and most importantly it was low–cost .
Pop art was the new art movement of the 1950s and 1960s, it was the successor of the art movement
of a decade earlier. In the 1940s abstract expressionism was all the rage in the United States, it was

Marxist Analysis of the American Dream
Marxist
Capitalism and its values revolve around material possessions and their acquisition. In this society,
the poor man strives to be rich, and a powerless man to gain power. Many of these people however
don't have access to these privileges, and so to be one of the few taking the limited seats of wealth
and power they compete, most often times against each other. Such environments are not only often
times promote conflict but confrontation as well, and many times the winners of these altercations
are relishing in "The American Dream" While capitalism promotes the belief that this dream is
achievable, it is more often than not, a literal dream, and leaves its pursuers poor, and weak. This
keeps the working class powerless, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a grave misconception that leads people to believe that success is too hard earned to let go,
and that competition is too steep to overcome. It is however a primary tool in keeping the American
dreams out of reach of those who aspire to reach it. In a capitalistic economy, driven by materialism
and greed it's easy to see how competition can be steep, and even overwhelming. Many aspiring for
the American dream find themselves in the above position, often times succeeding without
advancement, for fear the competition is too steep, and the resources too little. Although
entrepreneurship has become a booming industry in America, and all capitalistic governments, it
seems that corporations, or large business has all the advantages, often times running smaller
companies into the ground, buying them out, or offering prices, or deals that can't be competed
against. People see the American dream as just in front of their reach is situations like this, when in
actuality they are separated by miles of competition that is far too steep, or unfair. Materials are
sometimes presented to those who wish to attempt competition, but most times it is unfortunately
unfair. Situations like this also promote each party to do whatever it takes to succeed, even if that
may be immoral, or inappropriate. The competition sometimes gets too intense for the average
person, especially without the proper utensils to cope with such

Biography Of John Cone Jr, A Citizen Of Jasper County
SYNOPSIS:
At approximately 0752 hours on March 6, 2016, unknown subjects left trash at the Stokes Bluff
Landing, in the Garnett area of Hampton County. John Cone Jr, a citizen of Jasper County, who
keeps the landing clean reports a large crowd came to the landing on March 5, at approximately
2100 hours to camp out and have a barn fire. He further reports the subjects left the landing with
beer bottles all over the ground along with beer cans and several other objects throw all over the
ground. He advised a vehicle was left unattended with woods and other object on the back of the
truck. He advised this is an ongoing incident that he consistently reports throughout the year.
INTERVIEW WITH COMPLAINANT: (JOHN PERRY CONE JR)
Mr. Cone stated unknown subjects came to the landing on last night and camped out throughout the
night. He stated a large crowd started a fire pit while standing around drinking alcohol beverages.
He then stated he sat on his porch and watched the subjects for a period of time to see if Law
Enforcement would show their presence. He continued to he woke up this morning and observed the
landing left with trash all over the place. He advised a pickup truck was left on the landing with a
flat tire. He was not familiar who the vehicle belongs to.
INTERVIEW WITH SUBJECT: (UNKNOWN)
No contact was made at this time
OFFICER'S ACTION/OBSERVATION:
On the above listed date and time, I arrived on scene and made contact with the complainant. I
gathered the above listed

Animal Farm: Analysis “All Men Are Enemies. All Animals...
By: Nicolás Herschmann and Daniela Alessio
"Animal Farm" by George Orwell is an allegorical novel published on England in 1945. According
to the author, this book reflects historical events leading up and during the Stalin era before World
War II. It is the story of a revolution which goes wrong, based on the Russian revolution and Stalin's
use of power, the overall message is that man's desire for power makes a classless society
impossible. In the book, each animal represents a public figure or a type of person in real life. With
this we can begin to develop the questions below in order to have a more complete idea of the
meaning of the novel.
1) "All animals are equal". Explain and expand your ideas.
Mr Jones was the owner of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings..."
(Chapter 1, pg.3), also "...Man is the only creature that consumes without producing..."(Chapter 1,
pg.4). In these extracts of paragraph, it shows exactly a symbol which implies the idea that big
companies are priority area over the rest (proletariat), where they take the biggest assets of their
work (in this case, the animals work) and these animals are the ones who sell their labour in return
for a minimun wage that it is unfair.
The second element that represents the figure of socialism is the presence of the nine dogs of
Napoleon, they are a direct representation of the NKVD, Stalin's secret police in the Soviet Union.
These nine dogs, representing the police in the farm that are violent forces which allowed the
Capitalistic force to remain in the power.
The third and final element that can be seen to symbolize socialistic ideology, it is the propaganda
that seeks to inculcate in everyone. A way of placing some ideology and patent it front of all the
farm animals, as well as spread a nacionalist sentiment. This propaganda like the hymn "Beasts of
England" or the song composed by Minimus: "Comrade Napoleon", as well as the flag which sets
Major symbolizing the union and loyalty between animals, in this way you can expand an idea, in
socialist doctrine it is very common and it is used to influence the attitude of the rest to a cause

Warhol : AArtist And A Prominent Figure Into The Pop Art...
Andy Warhol was a multimedia artist and a prominent figure in the Pop Art Movement. Andrew
Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From 1945 to 1949, Warhola studied at the Carnegie
Institute of Technology. In 1949, he moved and settled in New York and changed his surname to
Warhol. He then worked as a Commercial artist. In the earlier years of the 1960's, Warhol enjoyed
experimenting with large mass advertisements, magazines, and other images. In 1962, he started
working on the Marilyn Monroe series, which was the beginning of his success as a Pop artist. Then,
as Warhol started exhibiting his work, and making films, his studio became a place where fellow
artists, musicians and young people could meet. In 1968, Valerie Solanas, one of these people,
severely wounded him by shooting him. Warhol's work started to become largely recognised, well
known and exhibited around the world in the 1970s and 1980s. And at the age of 58, Warhol died in
a hospital located in New York, in result of a gall bladder operation.
The 20th Century was a significant era for Pop art, the audience, critics, and the world was
demanding and such a change was highly unaccustomed. The world in the early and mid 1900s, was
very political and unpeaceful. There were war declarations of on the Japanese, bombings,
presidential elections, an immense development in Literature, and the art was vastly changed. The
American Pop art was a development of Abstract Expressionism. Pop art was also used to rebel

A Brief Look at Jasper Johns
Artist Introduction
Jasper Johns was born in Augusta, Georgia on May 15, 1930. He is still alive today known for his
paintings and printmaking. During his childhood, he lived with his father's grandparents due to his
parents' marriage ending. His only introduction to art as a child was of paintings in his grandfather's
house of his grandmother who had died. He then moved around among with his aunt then his mother
throughout his teenage years, and then finally graduated high school in Sumter South Carolina as
valedictorian of his class. After high school, Jasper then spent little time enrolled at the University of
South Carolina, and later directed his education to New York City studying at the Parsons School of
Design. A few years later he was drafter to Sendai, Japan to fight during the Korean War in 1952.
Two years later, he came back to New York where he met his partner, Robert Rauschenberg. Jasper's
art career began when he discovered the world of contemporary art sharing views with Merce
Cunningham and John Cage. His work was revealed at Rauschenberg's studio to Leo Castelli, a
gallery owner who gave Jasper his first solo show in 1958. This led to his pieces being bought by
the founder of New York's Museum of Modern Art. Later in 1963, Johns and Cage both founded the
Foundation of Contemporary Performance Arts in New York City, which is now known today as the
Foundation of Contemporary Arts.
Style of Art
Jasper's primary types of art were paintings, sculptures,

Karl Marx's Influence on Sociology and Political Thought...
There can be no doubt over the wide–ranging influence of Karl Marx's theories on sociology and
political thought. His concept of communism overcoming the socioeconomic pitfalls of capitalism
has not been a theory that has seen the light of day in the way that he may have hypothesised. There
have been many throughout history that have misrepresented Marx's writing, which begs the
question, if pure communism in the original Marxist sense is at all possible given that humanity
appears to have an innate 'need' for hierarchy and a thirst for power.
Capitalism appears to satisfy the 'need' for power and acquisition above all else, and the evidence is
seen in the growth of global wealth, which certainly does not amount to equal wealth. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marx rejected Hegel's dialectics based on a movement of human thought and ideas, and argued that
dialectics involved contradictions based on an economic system, otherwise known as dialectical
materialism. Therefore, the dynamic for change eventually created by a process of dialectics lies in
the conflict between two opposing factors (Lee and Newby 2000, pp. 114 – 119).
Marx conceived the base and superstructure approach that defines capitalist society. The base relates
to all that is a function of production in society and conversely, the superstructure, which can be said
to be derived from the base, relates to the values, culture, ideology and the governing bodies of
society. The former creates and supports the latter by a process of legitimisation of the economic
activities, and in turn, the superstructure ensures the processes remain in place. Class domination
plays a large part in this process of organisation; for example, private education providing better
opportunities for advancement and primary socialisation into the higher echelons of society.
However, a counter argument claims that the state is just as involved in the stresses and "struggles of
civil society'' as opposed to being a mere extension of it for the pure benefit of a particular class
interest (Held 2001, in Hall and Gieben 2001, p 113).
According to Marx, the act of production and means of organisation thereof, including the
relationship between members of the

The Food Basket Brigade
Neosho is a very involved community and lends a helping hand to those in need. Throughout our
community, hunger has been an outstanding issue and several churches and organizations have risen
to the challenge of meeting needs of those around. The Food Basket Brigade was started in 1988.
Since its beginning, the effort has collected and distributed more than 4 million pounds of food.
(The Joplin Globe). During the month before they deliver the food, several school organizations go
out around town and pick up all the food from people who have it set out, usually by their
mailboxes, and then they deliver it to The Newton County Armory. Back several years ago, when I
was in school, one of our extra credit works was to participate with the ... Show more content on
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Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Volunteer groups usually consist of 20 people. Representatives of
other churches and businesses from around the area volunteer their time to work at the kitchen.
Others sponsor the meal, but can 't spend the time working. "For me, the reason why it 's important
to be part of the chamber is to just show that we are part of the Neosho community," Desiree
Bridges said. "We support what 's going on here and it 's a great way for people to know who we
are." The purpose of the kitchen is to reach hungry people in the community. They can be any kind
of hungry, including spiritually, physically and emotionally.
Arvest of Joplin Missouri has started a "1 Million Meals" campaign to help the local area meet the
rising demand of hunger. Arvest Bank in Southwest Missouri has partnered with Ozarks Food
Harvest, Monett Community Kitchen, Newton County Food Basket Brigade Inc., Carthage Bright
Futures and Lockwood Ministerial Alliance Food Pantry for the duration of the initiative. All
donations received will go to these organizations to provide meals to local hungry families. Every
dollar raised through "1 Million Meals" provides the equivalent of five meals for those in need.
Joplin's Salvation Army's food pantry is known as Crosslines, Souls Harbor. It provide toys and
clothing for local children through the Angel Tree program. 1,600 children signed up, and families
signed up to provide toys and clothing to all but 200 of the children for a

Book Report for Todd Buchholz’s “New Ideas from Dead...
Book report for Todd Buchholz's "New Ideas from Dead Economists
This was a great read! Not only was it very informing on past and present economic thought, but it
made economic issues seem exiting, ironic, and understandable. He connects economic principles
with past and modern events like the fall of communism, global warming, overpopulation, and
politics. Issues I didn't even know existed were brought to life for me with his stories. I particularly
enjoyed his chapter on the "doom and gloomers" and the frightening theory that population could
increase by such a rate that there will be overcrowding, shortage of food supply and unbearable
pollution. Some of these theories depict our population driven to cannibalistic instincts. Yet ... Show
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I absolutely love how the author includes plenty of personal descriptions about the lives of the great
economists we read about. Karl Marx, David Ricardo, Marshall and Maynard Keynes for instance,
were very real people. Some were considered unkempt sobs, others so ugly they were called snout
by friends, other considered irrational and crazy even by themselves, and others some of the first
economists to get rich by understanding and trading stocks. The personality Buchholz brings to the
great economic thinkers is fun and very helpful in gaining appreciation as he has for these men.
Their ideas and economic philosophy's apply more than one would think in this modern world. And
this is the main aspect Buchholz brings to his book; connecting past economic science (and he calls
it the science of reason and choices) to issues we face today. When doing so we see these men were
spot on in many of their predictions. The author brings up these points simply to show that many of
these economic masters do not receive much of the credit they deserve. And by studying the basics
of their theory's we can not only see further into the future but "learn the doctrines they have been
trying to teach us from the beginning." New Ideas from Dead Economists was very descriptive
about the ideas of these men and how they apply to us today. As the author states himself "The
world is materially easier but psychologically more difficult to live in today

How Does Jasper Fforde 's The Eyre Affair Testify?
How does Jasper Fforde's The Eyre Affair testify to the importance of reading in the formation of
one's self–identity? Many aspects contribute to the formation of a person's self–identity. Whether it
be their surroundings, their culture, their language, or even other's personal identities, they all shape
one's perception of the world, the self–imposed rules surrounding them, and where they believe they
belong within it. This world is encompassed with stories, and they contribute to the fabrication of
everything ever known. It is these stories and histories that surround all things that play a
comprehensive role in the formation of one's identity. Jasper Fforde, in his novel The Eyre Affair,
demonstrates and testifies to this through both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effect and influence that Brontë's Jane Eyre has on its audience is profound, and this is emulated
in Thursday. It is evident early in the text that Thursday's childhood experiences and exposure with
the characters and universe of Jane Eyre has caused her to, somewhat subconsciously, embody the
character of Jane that she discovered within the pages of the novel. Thursday's self–identity is
molded and formed so much by the novel that the character of Thursday herself, can be almost
directly transposed with Jane. Through the author's use of intertextuality, Fforde is able to depict
what would be perceived as a modern day, contemporary Jane Eyre, through the character of
Thursday Next. Within the first exposure that Thursday directly has to the story of Jane Eyre, the
effect of Brontë's protagonist on the nine–year–old Thursday is unmistakable. Immediately,
Thursday sees herself in the character and her beliefs surrounding her own self–image are visible,
saying she "had realised not long ago that [she]. . . was no beauty. . . and had seen how the more
attractive children gained favour more easily." (Fforde 66), however, she finds somewhat of a role
model within Jane Eyre, expressing that "in that young woman I could see how those principles
could be inverted. I felt myself stand more upright and clench my jaw in subconscious mimicry of
her pose." (Fforde 66). This mimicry of Jane Eyre, even through the subtlety of the apery of her
pose,

Satire : Humor And Satire
Humour and satire are two concepts that are both wide ranging and diverse, from dark, to light
hearted, with each producing a different effect. Humour in the main, is something that is used to
please the audience, its function is to invoke laughter amongst its audience. Satire is used to create a
comical critical view of the subject at hand, this can range from a light hearted comical way, to a
judgemental way, with each style giving the text a different meaning, however this does not mean
that satire cannot be humorous, which can evident in the use of parody and irony within texts.
Within literature both concepts play an important role to how the text is viewed, humour can include
word play, grammatical jokes, to even inside jokes with the author and reader, and with satire,
including that of irony and parody, with each style and type delivering humour in its own unique
way. These differing styles of humour can be found in a variety of forms including Jasper Forde's
The Eyre Affair (2001), with its silly atmosphere, word play and grammar jokes, and the use of light
hearted satire and parody to brighten up the text, and Julian Barnes A History of the World in 10 1/2
Chapters (1989), where there is a more serious atmosphere, with a more critical, satirical eye on
history and characters, as well as using irony to achieve its comical effect, and the position of the
world. Each text is humorous and satirical in its own right, and with each author using different
techniques to

Essay about A Bugs Life Related to Marxism
A BUGS LIFE Marxism is the theory of Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels, it's based on the
economical and social system. Marxism emphasizes on the importance of class struggle in society.
They thought that economic processes and class struggles laid the groundwork for every important
era and movement in history, and would lead to the downfall of the upper class and the rise of an
egalitarian communist society. Under capitalism, the working class or "the people," own only their
capacity to work; they have the ability only to sell their own labor. According to Marx a class is
defined by the relations of its members to the means of production. The worker is alienated because
he has no control over the labor or product which he produces. The ... Show more content on
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Another example of Marxism in the movie is when the circus insects are working for their owner
and he doesn't pay them enough for what they are producing, which is their circus act. The bugs
have no control over the amount of money the boss is selling it for but they are aware that its not
fair. In this situation the circus bugs are the communist and their owner is the capitalist. This is an
example of Marxism because the owner of the bugs pay them less then what they are work. They do
a lot of hard labor putting on acts every night and traveling place to place but they can not control
the money distribution until they leave. Once they have left their owner is frantic about their
absence and wants them back. This is also Marxism because in Marxism they said that the common
working people make up the society, with out the working people we wouldn't have most of the
things we have. True in real life and the movie because once the act left the owner wasn't anything
and he agreed to pay them right if they accept him back as their owner. This movie mad a lot of
money. You can look at it from two different view points a child's view point of it being funny and a
nice entertainment or looking at it from a working view point and you seeing it as being apart of

Karl Marx
A century and a half ago, Karl Marx established a theory that today is known as the backbone to
modern socialism and communism. Marx viewed the early capitalism of his own day as inherently
exploitive. At the core of capitalist production is what is considered surplus value, the value left over
after the producer (in Marx's case, factory owner) had paid the fixed costs of production such as raw
materials, machinery, overhead and wages. The left over amount was kept as profit, a profit that
Marx saw that was earned from the sweat of the labor. Derived from his idea of surplus value was
that of alienation. Marx gave an economic interpretation to alienation. People were alienated from
their own labor; their work was appropriated by someone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In realizing that the capitalist had a new tool with which they could barter or trade, they also
realized they now had an effective tool to keep the cost of the labor commodity down and in effect
control those of the labor community that would become trouble for the new way of doing things in
this new capitalist, industrial, power creating realm. The first casualty was and is always the worker
in a capitalist society, according to Marx. See, first of all, Marx saw the many workers as victims
who were or are taking advantage of by the owners of the factories and other means of production to
satisfy the gain of profit by the few capitalists. Marx argued that under capitalism labor seldom
receives more than bare subsistence. According to Marx, the surplus remaining is appropriated by
the capitalists as their profits. This was a belief that many laborers, trying to organize to obtain
better wages and work conditions during early commercial capitalism, held and acted upon.
Arguing that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," (500) and
that liberal governments and ideology were merely agents of the exploiting owners of property,
Marx advocated the abolition of private property and predicted the demise of capitalism after a
series of recurring crises. The abolition of property, and therefore of class

The Social Contextualisation Of Robert Rauschenberg's...
1953, a 27–year–old Robert Rauschenberg found himself outside the house of Willem de Kooning
with a bottle of Jack Daniels in hand, knocking on the door he held a lingering hope that his
wrapping on the wood would not be answered.
This essay will discuss the social contextualisation of Robert Rauschenberg's Erased de Kooning
Drawing (1953).
We are shown an almost blank piece of paper, subsequently framed in a simple gilded frame with a
caption reading "Erased de Kooning Drawing, Robert Rauschenberg, 1953".
Fellow artist Jasper Johns, at the request of Rauschenberg wrote the caption for the piece.
The work is considered to be a Neo–Dadaist conceptual art work, attaining affinities to Added Art,
albeit having material removed from the original work rather than added to it.
Through the conception of this work, Rauschenberg first attempted to create this piece by erasing
his own drawings. He ultimately decided that for the investigation to succeed, it was imperative that
he begin with an artwork that was unquestionably significant in its own standing.
He approached Willem de Kooning (1904–1997), a formidable artist of the time for whom the art
world and he himself held in tremendous regard, and asked him for a drawing to erase. With
reluctance, de Kooning agreed.
"I remember that the idea of destruction kept coming into the conversation, and I kept trying to
show that it wouldn't be destruction," said Rauschenberg
After Rauschenberg had completed the arduous erasure of de

Autumn Rhythm, By Robert Rauschenberg, And Marilyn Diptych
Abstract Expressionism began in the 1940s and the 1950s in New York after World War II from the
ideas of Surrealism about art that looks to examining the unconscious mind, and the feelings people
hold that makes us all humans. Through the discussion of Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) by Jackson
Pollock, I will define Abstract Expression and why this work is part of this movement. Then,
through the discussion of Canyon by Robert Rauschenberg, Target with Plaster Casts by Jasper
Johns, and Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, I will explain Assemblage and Pop Art and why each
of these works belong to those movements. Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) is Jackson Pollock's most
famous piece that shows action painting, a defining technique of Abstract Expressionism, and his
innovative drip painting technique he developed in 1940. Pollock created his piece by placing the
canvas on the floor, then he used brushes, or even his hands and started to drip the paint on the
surface. His distinct technique of painting makes him absorbed in the creation of his art piece
without being aware of what he is doing. Therefore, Pollock is free from realism and from his own
self through painting because it relieves his anxiety now that he is focused only on his art. Pollock's
work is classified as non–objective because Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) cannot be related to any
recognizable object from real life, so he is not constraint by reality, but goes outside the box as if
liberated to soar free and paint from his

Alfred Jules Ayer's "Language, Truth and Logic," the Major...
In 1936 Alfred Jules Ayer published a book named, Language, Truth, and Logic. At the time of its
publication, it was understood to be the major thesis of Logical Positivism (Macdonald). In order to
understand the Verification Principle, one must first become somewhat familiar with Logical
Positivism. Logical Positivism is a school of philosophic thought that combines empiricism, the idea
that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world, with a version of
rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico–linguistic constructs and deductions in
epistemology, the study of knowledge (Log Pos). The Verification Principle states that a statement is
cognitively meaningful if and only if it is either analytic or in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the future I believe humans will return to the practice of having fewer divorces. According to the
Verification Principle, Logical Positivists believe a large part of philosophy can not be judged as
either true or false. Many statements concerning aesthetics, metaphysics, and theology have been
rendered cognitively meaningless and cannot be proven logically, mathematically, nor by
observation or experiment (Reilly). Woodstock was a great event for music lovers. Tonight the stars
will cease to shine. Is there really life after death? A.J. Ayers and the Logical Positivists believed
that cognitively meaningless statements had no truth in value, and that itself made it a waste of time
to debate them. Karl Popper did not like the requirement that meaningful sentences be verifiable,
stating the positivists' criterion of verifiability was too strong a criterion for science, and proposed
that they be replaced by a criterion of falsifiability (Karl Popper). Popper believed that falsifiability
was a better criterion because it did not invite the philosophical problems inherent in verifying
induction, and it allowed statements from the physical sciences which seemed scientific but which
did not meet the verification criterion (Log Pos). Popper also argues that science should adopt a
methodology based on falsifiability, because no number of experiments can ever prove a

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