Argumentative Essay On Why Dogs Are Smarter Than Cats

Argumentative Essay On Why Dogs Are Smarter Than Cats
Many people believe that dogs are smarter than cats, and are better pets. Dogs are able to learn
tricks while cats prefer to be alone. They also can be walked on a leash with no problems. Even
from a scientific standpoint dogs are smarter because they have larger brains than cats. However,
cats are still good pets for some people, and are very clever. Shy or quiet people might prefer a cat
because they are more calm. Since dogs are able to learn tricks faster than cats, people might say
that dogs are smarter. According to Kristin Winkler Snow, on Quora, dogs are more willing to
perform tricks because they crave their owner's attention. Dogs will do anything to please their
owners, and make them happy. However, cats will only perform tricks if they want to. Since they
are more reclusive, they have less interest in their owner, and tricks. Cats don't care if their owner is
happy or not they just care about themselves. Dogs, however, are very energetic, and love attention.
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Even though some dogs pull or twist themselves up in their leash, they are still better at walking
than cats. They love being with their owner, and adventuring with them.Cats, however prefer to be
on their own, and do what they want. They usually don't like to be restrained, and normally become
stressed when they are. Kristi also states that trying to walk a cat can put them under stress because
they are being taken from their familiar territory. Cats prefer to feel like they are independent, and
under control. But, dogs love spending time with their owner, and
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Self-Awareness And Self Awareness
Are dogs as smart as their owners think they are? Many people would automatically respond 'yes' to
this question, but how does one define smart? Scientists who study animal behavior and cognition
have been debating this question since their field of study began. However, they have come up with
a few key ways to begin to determine intelligence, one being self–awareness. Frans De Waal defines
self–awareness as, "consciousness of the self, which some interpret as requiring an animal to pass
the mirror mark test, whereas others believe that self–awareness characterizes all lifeforms." (De
Waal 2017). Scientists believe that being able to recognize one's self as present in the here and now
is a sign of intelligence. Some domesticated dogs have been proven to show qualities of self–
awareness using different varieties of mirror tests. Mirror self–recognition (MSR) tests have been
used to determine the presence of self–awareness since Gordon Gallop developed it in 1970
(Pachniewska 2016). In this test, an animal is marked with some substance of a different color than
their skin, may that be paint or a sticker etc., and they are introduced to a mirror. If the animal
spends more time examining the mark on them in the mirror by moving to be able to see it or
touching it, then it is concluded that the animal realizes that the reflection is of themselves and pass
the mirror test (Pachniewska 2016). This test does not work for all animals, however; it is made
mainly for animals whose

The Curious Incident Of The Dog At Night Time
Cauy Menard
Mrs. Blaire Desormeaux
English IV
18 September 2017
The Curious Incident of the Dog at Night–time Mark Haddon uses Christopher Boone's strengths
and weaknesses throughout his novel to help solve of the murder mystery of The Curious Incident
of the Dog in the Night–time. Christopher Boone is a fifteen year old child with autistic abilities
who seeks information to solve the murder of his neighbor's dog, Wellington. Boone uses his
intelligence to help him push through his secret murder investigation. Even when his weaknesses
get him into trouble, he continues to be dedicated to the situation and will set his mind to it to
accomplish it. Though with autism, Boone is unable to understand the social norms of love,
affection, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jeavons after Christopher learns of his mom's secret affair. He ventures to math problems to keep
him calm in this tough situation. Another strength is his organization in his thoughts and ideas.
When Christopher sees three to five red cars in a row, he will talk to others and have a great day. If
he sees four yellow cars in a row it makes it a "black day" which means he will not smile or talk to
anyone (Haddon 25). The day after Wellington's death, Christopher sees four red cars in a row and
decides he will not be sad about his death. "We passed four red cars in a row, which meant that it
was a Good Day, so I decided not to be sad about Wellington's death" (Haddon 24). Though his
thoughts are not logical, it does keep him calm in corrupt situations. Another strength is his memory.
Christopher tends to remember good situations, but also cannot let go of bad ones. His memory of
Wellington's murder allows him to solve it in the end. Though Christopher Boone has strengths, he
also carries weaknesses such as his autism (Haddon 82). Christopher is a very intelligent kid, but he
struggles with a variety of thing because of his autism. Autism is a mental condition causing one to
lack in communication skills and relationship formation. His autism causes him to not understand
the normality of situations such as love, help, or sarcasm. Though Christopher does not directly state
he has autism, readers can assume based on the descriptive detail of

Emotional Intelligence: The Development Of Emotional...
Development of emotional intelligence, however, is more complex. It may start with one's self by
knowing the mental state in a situation in order to assess capabilities and limitations. Because
knowing is not enough, one must also know how to control emotions to prevent conflicts. Staying
calm under pressure distresses situations and a right mindset uses motivation to develop emotional
intelligence by staying committed to fulfill duties or achieve a goal with the use of emotional
maturity. (Ravenscraft n.p.)
Emotional intelligence development is also affected by social factors. Other individuals affect one's
empathy, the ability to sense the feelings of others for us to feel for ourselves. Empathy plays an
important role in children's EQ. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To care for pets is to be responsible for the life of another. It is necessary to give time, money, and
energy. Since pets are a commitment, choosing the right animal is imperative to this big decision.
Children may opt for low–maintenance pets, like fish, since they are the easiest to care for since
they don't require too much attention. However, pets like cats or dogs need a lot more care, therefore
constant interaction between them is a must. Children must be aware of the responsibilities that
come with a pet. (Pet Responsibilities n.p.) Once a child starts pet care, the development of their
social skills and emotional intelligence unfolds.
Children care for pets by fulfilling their basic needs for food, exercise, hygiene, and love. The ways
that children care for their pets show how mindful they are of the difference between animals' needs
and human beings' needs. (Melson 51) Since pets depend on the provision of their owners, proper
food and adequate water, suitable shelter, physical activity like exercise for pet dogs, health and
hygiene like check–up's at the veterinarian and proper grooming, as well as love and attention
cannot be given to a pet without its owner. (Taking Care Of Your Pet

The Gift Of Language In Fifteen Dogs By Andre Alexis
In the novel, Fifteen Dogs by André Alexis, Greek gods Hermes and Apollo make a bet that if they
gave any animal the gift of intelligence, the animals would be even more unhappy than humans. In
making this bet, fifteen dogs are granted the gift of intelligence allowing them to be able to
communicate through their own newly formed language and become self–aware. At first, the dogs
band together to form a pack, but quickly realize how language complicates their ability to work
together. With the gift of intelligence, the dogs become individuals and think separately rather than
working with a pack mentality. There is no longer harmony between the dogs, but instead a fight for
dominance and a battle of intelligence. We will identify how language eroded the pack through
disagreements and violence as the dogs become aware of their status and differences. The dogs first
run into difficulty with their gift of intelligence when it becomes obvious to them that there are
different levels of comprehension of their ability to communicate using their new language. Prince
is a dog who shows a deeper understanding and love for language compared to the others. We see
Alexis bring this point out in the novel when he says, "Prince's words had not been meant as a
warning. Rather, he had been playing. He had been pretending. He had been speaking for speaking's
sake. Could there be a more despicable use for words?" (28). Prince, being a very clever and curious
dog, begins to expand the language,

Experiment And The Experiments Of The Stanford Prison...
Exam 1 1. The Stanford Prison Experiment was an experiment that was created to test the effect
between prisoners and prison officers. The experiment took place in the basement of one of the
buildings in Stanford University. The prisoners and guards in the experiment were college students.
The college students were told that they would get $15 dollars a day and that the experiment would
last two weeks. The guards and prisoners were decided by a flip of a coin. The experiment abruptly
ended after six days because of the mental break downs and hunger strikes the inmates were having.
The BoBo Doll Experiment was an experiment that studied aggression. The way that the experiment
worked was that they had adults attack the BoBo doll and they made the children watch to see if
they would mimic the adults actions. When presented with the BoBo doll the children acted the
same way as they saw the adults act. They were able to learn the aggression and hostile language
from the adults. 2. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian scientist that studied animal digestion. He was
studying what triggered dogs to salivate. He thought it would be a simple study because he believed
that dogs drool when presented with food because the saliva helps break down the food. He then
realized that dogs salivate more than what he thought. He realized that the individuals that fed the
dogs wore labcoats and that the dog started drooling when they saw a lab coats even if there wasn't
food. He then ran a study where he

Summary Of Ishmael: No Imbalance Or Overconfidence
Summary (Ishmael): # imbalance or overconfidence In Chapter 9, the author and Ishmael agreed
that the fall of Adam was written from the Leavers' perspective, since the knowledge of good and
evil is forbidden to Adam. If it was written from the Takers' perspective, we would force Adam to
eat the fruit and become knowledgeable. We are so confident in ourselves that we always blindly
believe that we are right, that we are special, that we are superior to other species, and that the world
is made for us. This overconfidence is the fundamental reason why we caused the deterioration of
the ozone layer, the extinction of other species, and ocean and air pollution. As we discussed in
class, a little more confidence might be beneficial. It makes us a bit overly confident with ourselves,
which makes us miscalculate what we are capable of, but also motivates us to take challenges, and
attempt the 'impossible'. However, overconfidence is not good, and it can explain almost all the
problems mentioned in Ishmael. In The ethics of belief, William K. Clifford stated ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then there was science and technology. Humans get more and more confident and want more and
more from the nature: they expand their territory by invading others' to the extent that other species
have no habitat and get extinct; they use other species on research and don't care about other species'
lives; they torture other species for 'science' (primary school kids dissect frogs alive). And with
other species' habitat and lives, we develop in more breadth and depth: our lifespan gets longer; we
have safe medicines since they are tested on animals before open to use; we develop bionic
technology like electronic frog eye which countless frogs die in the process of developing

The Importance Of Survival In The Call Of The Wild
In Jack London's novel The Call of the Wild, a pampered southland dog, learns how to adapt and
survive in the hostile North land environment because of his innate abilities of purse his abilities of
perception , Strength, stamina, and cunning. To begin, Buck uses his intelligence and observational
skills when he watches his sled mates live and thrive in these on unyieldingly harsh
conditions.Further, he also uses his intelligence to learn the new laws of survival by relying on his
observational skills and is able to adapt to the laws of club and fang. Most importantly, Buck's
strength, physical prowess, and unrelenting stamina prove him to be able to adapt to his new
environment and survive on his own.
One of Buck's most valuable assets in his struggle to adapt to the hostile Klondike environment is
his intelligence. Buck watches one of his fellow sled dogs steal meat when needed and learns that he
too must steal to fulfill his hunger: "When he saw Pike, one of the new dogs, a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buck undergoes physical changes as he grows stronger and more powerful. After several months in
the Klondike, Buck Loses all his civilized, domestic behaviors. Not only does Buck change morally;
he also changes physically." His development ( or retrogression) was rapid. His muscles became
heart is iron, and he grew Callous to our ordinary pain"(24). Buck's physical superiority is important
in a number of ways. His heightened sense me and him constantly alert to the surrounding dangers.
The quicker he is aware of danger, the quicker he can react to it. Bucks physical superiority also
gives them an advantage over the other dogs. Because he is stronger, he is able to defeat his
attackers. Being in superior physical condition also allows back to get the most nutrition from the
poor food available. Obviously, without physical superiority, buck would be unable to survive and
such hostile

Analysis: Are Dogs More Intelligent Than Cats
In Stanley Coren's, "Are Dogs More Intelligent than Cats?" the main question simply is, are dogs or
cats smarter. Although the question is simple the solution is much harder to find. Different animals
have different abilities so measuring the intelligence of a cat by having it move "from place to place,
where speed is a measure of performance" (Coren) would not be logical. Since there is difficulty
measuring an animal's intelligence psychologists and biologists needed a new technique. The idea
that the bigger the brain of an animal the smarter an animal is came into play. This had its flaws
because this method claimed the "super geniuses" (Coren) would be whales who have a larger brain
mass than human beings. Finally in the 1970's, Harry J. Jerison created the Encephalization
Quotient. The Encephalization Quitient or EQ is a method that calculates an animal's brain weight to
its body size. With this method it was found that dogs have a higher EQ than cats do. The social
interactions and higher demands on domestic dogs make them in fact smarter than the cat. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article talks about how dogs are a more social animal than cats. In past experiences I have
found that a cat can be just as social if not more social than a dog can be. So that agreement does not
seem valid. Another issue with the article would be how it states that the demands we put on dogs
puts more pressure on a dog than it does a cat. Coren says that dogs demands such things as
"understanding human communication gestures and words." The fact that it says this makes it seem
like we only put pressure on dogs and no pressure on cats whatsoever. The things is as a society we
seem to be wanting cats to be more like dogs so that puts pressure on a cat. We cannot expect cats to
give out more than they are willing to give. Knowing the limit between what a cat will and will not
do is something everyone needs to

The Pros And Cons Of Understanding China
But the room can't either. How does the room get from the syntax of the computer program of the
input symbols to the semantics of the understanding of the symbols? There's no way the room can
get there because that would require some consciousness in the room in addition to my
consciousness. And there is no such consciousness. Anyway, that was one of many answers. One of
my favorites was this. This was in a public debate. A guy said to me, but suppose we ask you, do
you understand Chinese? And suppose you say, yes, I understand Chinese. Well? Well, OK, let's try
that and see how far we get. I get a question that looks like this. Now, this will be in a dialect of
Chinese some of you won't recognize.
Unknown to me, that symbol means, do you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I insist on a good question period. So let me take a drink of water, and we go to the next step, which
I think is more important. A lot of people thought, well, look, maybe the computer doesn't
understand Chinese, but all the same, it does information processing.
And it does, after all, do computation. That's what we define the machine to do. And I had to review
a couple of books recently. One book said that we live in a new age, the age of information. And in a
wonderful outburst, the author said everything is information. Now that ought to worry us if
everything is information. And I read another book. This was an optimistic book. I reviewed–– this
for "The New York Review of Books"–– a less optimistic book by a guy who said computers are
now so smart they're almost as smart as we are. And pretty soon, they'll be just as smart as we are.
And then I don't have to tell this audience the next step. They'll be much smarter than we are. And
then look out because they might get sick of being oppressed by us. And they might simply rise up
and overthrow us all. And this, the author said modestly–– I guess this is how you sell books–– he
said this may be the greatest challenge that humanity has ever faced, the upcoming revolt of super–
smart computers. Now, I want to say both of these claims are silly. I mean, I'm speaking shorthand
here. There'll be plenty of chance to answer me. And I want

Timbuktu As A Dog
When reading today's reading of Timbuktu by Paul Auster, you cannot help but help to believe that
the main character Mr. Bones to be a dog. While there has been many other evidences that he could
be something else than a dog. I do believe that within this context that majority of the evidence
leads us to believe that Mr Bones is actually a dog. Once piece of evidence being that when Willy
tells Mr Bones about not going to the Chinese restaurant other wise he will be taken and eaten.
When Mr Bones tells us about how he knows exactly no how to avoid being captured. He states this,
"Mr Bones knew the drill by great: how to avoid the dogcatchers and constables, the paddy wagons
and the unmarked cars, the hypocrites from the so–called human societies,

Buck And White Fang Research Paper
Buck and White Fang:
Similarities and Differences
"Dogs have a way of finding the people who need them and filling a space we didn't even know we
had."―Thom Jones. This quote almost perfectly fits Buck from "The Call of the Wild" and White
Fang from "White Fang", both written by Jack London. Buck and White Fang are both alike and
different throughout their stories.
At the beginning of their stories, Buck and White Fang are both alike and different. First, both dogs
are mixed breeds. For example, Buck is half Saint Bernard and half Scottish Sheppard while White
Fang is half husky and half wolf. Since both dogs are half one breed and half the other, this is a
similarity. Second, they are both big and strong with high intelligence and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First, Buck and White Fang are both sold to cruel masters who both mistreat them. For example,
Hal, Mercedes, and Charles become Buck's new masters and Hal nearly beats Buck to death with a
club while Beauty Smith constantly taunts White Fang to keep fighting, even though he is being
killed by the British bulldog. Since both masters are mean to their dogs, this is a similarity. Second,
Buck and White Fang both help their masters make a lot of money. For instance, Buck saves John
Thornton for drowning, then he wins John Thornton $1,600 by pulling a 1,000 pound sled for 100
feet while White Fang saves Jack Conroy when his gold mine caves in and helps him strike rich
when his paws reveal gold dust from a vein of gold. Since both dogs help their owns get rich, this is
a similarity. Last, Buck and White Fang live their lives out differently. For example, Buck becomes
a leader of a wild wolf pack and the legendary "Ghost Dog" while White Fang returns to Jack
Conroy after he sets White Fang but White Fang returns to Jack and becomes his domesticated
companion. Since Buck and White Fang live their lives out differently, this is a difference between
the two. In conclusion, Buck and White Fang are both alike and different at the end of their

Dogs: The First Tame Animals
Dogs were probably the first tame animals (Wikipedia). They have accompanied humans for
approximately for about 10,000 years. They are the most adopted pets worldwide. They have lived
and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best
friend". They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting, guarding, helping fishermen with nets,
and pulling loads, in addition to their role as companions.
Dogs included in human activities in terms of helping out humans are usually called working dogs.
Some working dog breeds include, Boxer, Bullmastiff, Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd,
Giant Schnauzer, Great Dane, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Siberian Husky, and Tibetan Mastiff etc.
Service dogs such as guide ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, dogs originated from wolves–social animals that engage in a number of co–operative
behaviours such as hunting and that may have evolved cognitive abilities that help them predict and
interpret the actions of other animals. Second, during domestication dogs are likely to have been
selected for mental adaptations for their roles in human society such as companionship. Third, dogs
live in a human world and ''enculturation'' may facilitate the development of relevant mental skills in
dogs. Dogs also use human social signals (e.g. looking or pointing) as information sources to locate
hidden rewards such as food or favourite toys. Such abilities make dogs particularly good models
for understanding social cognition. This project seeks to find how domesticated mongrels are on par
with domesticated purebreds in terms of social cognitive attributes with special reference to those
adopted by owners in the city of Chennai.
Dogs have the cognitive ability that enables them to develop knowledge and acquire action and
gesture. Through a general survey and interviews with pet owners the project seeks to reveal the
development of cognitive abilities of domesticated mongrels in Chennai with specific reference to
areas of Vepery and

Compare And Contrast Dog And Border Collies
Each dog breed has a varying intelligence quotient, making it harder or easier to train certain dogs.
An individual should consider how patient and steady they are willing to be when it comes to
training a dog and should then apply that to which breed would fit best with their personality. The
intelligence of a dog is based on how quickly and consistently they learn and obey commands, how
well they perform a given task, and how willing they are to learn humanistic jobs. The Border collie
is said to be the smartest dog breed as they learn quickly and have "amazing instinct and working
ability." They are known to herd sheep and remain in control of a flock, just as shepherds do. Border
collies would therefore be ideal for a person who isn't willing

Disadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is a tool that must be properly utilized and regulated in order to avoid dangers
and fully utilize it for global benefit. Artificial intelligence is the future. This is a fact. Since 2015,
with the invention of deep learning methods, we, as a civilization are moving towards true AI.
Artificial intelligence, depending on how its harnessed, could be a blessing, a curse, or both. On the
upside, Artificial intelligence would allow us to achieve more than ever before. On the downside,
however, Artificial intelligence could take away millions of jobs and possibly even develop its own
set of goals. Some of these downsides can be solved through regulation and development, while
other downsides are unavoidable, and inherent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, the test does not provide a scale for rating the intelligence, it is rather just a pass or fail. The
Turing test is still extremely important, and Alan Turing is credited with being one of the pioneers
who led humanity into the current computer age. The term "Artificial Intelligence" was first used in
1956 by John McCarthy, who created the Lisp computer language, which has been used as the
standard for AI programming even today. McCarthy defined AI as "the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines." McCarthy hosted a conference at Dartmouth College in 1955, where
he invited many other computer scientists to assist him in his attempt to create a machine that can
think like a human mind. McCarthy did not succeed in his attempt, but he paved the way for a race
to create a digital mind. 61 years after the Dartmouth conference, and true artificial intelligence that
thinks for itself does not exist yet. Nonetheless, many advances in the field have been made, with
focus on Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Expert Systems, and Fuzzy Logic. These are all
methods that comprise an AI system, and separately, are used in specific applications. Machine
learning is a component of AI, and is currently being used in many different ways across the globe.
Machine learning has four subdivisions, supervised, semisupervised, unsupervised, and
reinforcement learning. Supervised machine learning requires labelled data sets that have set

Humans And The Ai Possible Now
Humans and the AI possible now, are truly one and the same What does this mean?. The Human
body is but a foundry sundry? of systems and preconditioned thinking that is lead through cause and
effect. AI is the pinnacle of humanity's attempts at mimicking the creation of life through "artificial"
thinking. John R. Searle argues that the intentionality in human beings is a product of the brains and
its mental processes. He also notes that the certain brain processes are sufficient (indicating that
there is at times a bare minimum of processes) for the "intentionality." He also states that the
instantiation of a computer program can be done by a human but the program would still lack the
relevant intentionality. Searle also states that, "any mechanism capable of producing intentionality
must have casual powers equal to those of the brain." One important thing to note in Searle's
arguments is that he separates AI into two distinct categories. Strong AI and weak AI. Strong AI
being the advanced computers that are in fact, "minds," and that these computers can actually
understand things. Weak AI on the other hand, are the computers that act as nothing more than tools
to be used to study and to serve any purpose we program it to do. Searle brings up several
arguments that he refutes such as the "Systems Reply," "The Robot reply," "The Brain simulator
reply," "the combination reply," "The other minds reply," and "the many mansions reply." The main
argument that

Pretty Essay
This video shows the reunion of a Belgian Malinois "Pretty" and her previous trainer, and friend
being reintroduced after a year or more of separation. The video is rather short but the response
from Pretty when she lays her eyes on Bryan is remarkable. Pretty, immediately recognizes Bryan
and runs too him and jumps on him overjoyed to see him once again. This video takes place outside
somewhere and pretty is being led by a young woman to Bryan as soon as Pretty recognizes her
wanting for her, she immediately responds abundant jovialness. In fact, Pretty clings to Bryan for
almost the entire length of the video which is about seventeen seconds long. I choose this video
because it showed a dog recognizing and greeting someone from her past ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nano seconds, well she is a Malinois. Everything is fast." "Aw, so sweet" Anyhow, after reading the
comments apparently she is being trained for Police duty since she did not go into heat and the only
time she had been in heat was when she was with Bryan. It maybe that she was suffering from
depression being separated from Bryan, but that is of course my speculation. Anyhow, in my
opinion, this is the best example of social awareness and intelligence recognizing and showing love
for someone you missed. You can tell she loves him since she is standing upright embracing and
vigorously wagging her tail. In addition to that, she is panting heavily showing extreme excitement
about finally being reunited with Bryan. The main reason I choose this video was that is showed
remembrance and pleasure upon seeing somebody who they had missed and had nothing to do with
training. Numerous videos that show the dogs, putting up laundry and following an owners gaze to a
toy, is most likely the product of training. However, a greeting like Pretty is subtle evidence of
social

German Shepherd Research Paper
Since 1899, German Shepherd dogs have been highly prized for their loyalty, bravery and
intelligence. From the very first registered German Shepherd, Horand von Grafrath–––an
exceptionally intelligent, agile dog with instinctive herding ability–––came a breed standard that has
been preserved for over a century through careful selective breeding. These characteristics,
combined with an easygoing yet eager demeanor, have made German Shepherds popular world
wide as service dogs and faithful companions.
Origin
The originator of the German Shepherd breed was Cavalry Captain Max Emil Frederich von
Stephanitz. While attending a dog show in Germany in the late 1800s, a herding dog named Hektor
Linksrhein caught the captain's attention. Intelligent and strong with innate herding ability,
endurance and agility, Hektor had many of the qualities Stephanitz had been searching for in a
working dog. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of anti–German sentiment during World War I, it was feared that the name German
Shepherd would not be looked upon favorably. In 1919, the English Kennel Club gave the breed a
separate register and changed the name to the Alsatian, after Alsace, a region in France. In 1977, the
British Kennel Club authorized the breed's name to be changed back to the German Shepherd Dog.
Evolution
Around 1925, a trend toward the breeding of squarish, over–sized dogs with less than stable
temperaments alarmed Stephanitz and he realized that changes needed to be made. In 1925,
Stephanitz selected Klodo von Boxberg, a shorter, longer bodied dog with a lengthy gait, as world
champion. This dog would become the catalyst for changes, a sire whose qualities Stephanitz
wanted to see passed along in subsequent generations. Klodo was imported to America that same
year and became an influential sire of German Shepherds dogs in North

Golden Retriever : The Most Versatile Dog
The Golden retriever is one of the most versatile dogs in the world. They are beautiful, intelligent,
and very talented. People often find them lovable, irresistible, cute and cuddly. Golden retrievers are
considered to be excellent in companionship with children, being reliable, safe, and intelligent. They
are appropriate for living in both an apartment or house. More so than ever, their personalities are
perfectly wonderful, considered to be clever, tender, nice tempered and well mannered. Golden
retrievers are known to have human–like characteristics. They show the capability of feeling deeply,
being able to understand human thoughts and share a person's deepest emotions. The golden
retriever breed originated in the early 19th century. They are large dogs with a broad head and drop
ears. Their bodies are strong and muscled, yet not massive. The tail is thick at the base and thinner
at the ends. The normal golden retriever is approximately 23 inches tall and can weigh up to
seventy–five pounds. They have a life expectancy of about 13 years. The heritage of the golden
retriever has been a dispute for decades. The tale that is less believed with very little evidence
supporting it states that the retrievers' origin is that of a circus dog. It's fascinating, the amount of
intelligence and skills these dogs have. A Russian sportsman, known as Lord Tweedmouth, had
decided that he must have a pair to breed and train for field work at his estate in Scotland. The
Russian trainer

Who's Encephalization Quotient?
You and your closest friend rarely argue, except over one subject: Pet smarts. She knows a lot about
cats and says they're smarter than dogs, but you as a pet parent with two dogs think she's wrong.
Who's right?
Scientists have recently designed certain techniques and measures that may give us the definitive
answer. One of the measurements that animal psychologists and biologists have used to assess
intelligence is called the Encephalization Quotient, and another is sociability.
In the late 1970s, psychologist Harry J. Jerison developed Encephalization Quotient or EQ. It's a
mathematically sophisticated comparison of the actual brain weight of an animal compared to the
expected brain mass for that animal's body size. Because this method accounts for the fact that
larger ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the standard of EQ, dogs come out slightly ahead of the intelligence game over cats. According
to Wikipedia, there is only a 0.2 percent advantage to the dog. Such a minute difference may be the
reason dog and cat parents argue about their favorite pets.
An Oxford University research team looked at how 500 species, both living and fossilized, have
evolved over about 60 million years. The ones that lived in social groups had much larger brains,
relative to body size, than those species that tend to be self–sufficient.
However, there is a real surprise that occurs in some recent data provided by two researchers at
Oxford University. They wondered whether there had been evolutionary changes in the
Encephalization Index over the years.
When we domesticate animals, especially a companion dog, we are placing new learning demands
on it. Some of these demands are social in nature, such as understanding human communication,
like words and gestures. So, dogs are really subjected to more pressure than cats. Therefore, over
time it might be expected that dogs would show a greater rise in their EQ than

Animal Farm Quote Analysis
The pigs in Animal Farm by George Orwell are of much intelligence, which was not always a
tremendous thing for the other animals. Education can be a powerful thing in society, which Orwell
has made clear, but the pigs take advantage of it as much as possible. The animals give in to the
pigs' domination in Animal Farm by not being as smart as the pigs, Napoleon using the dogs to
instill fear, and the pigs taking advantage of their own intelligence. In particular, the other animals
on the farm are not as bright. It does not help that the pigs do not put in much time to try to even
teach them the alphabet. Due to the fact that the other animals are not as intelligent, they just go
along with what the pigs inform them of. In the novel, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Near the beginning of the novel, the milk had been stolen, but the other animals did not think much
of it. Soon enough it is learned that the pigs actually took the milk to drink for themselves. The pigs'
excuse for taking the milk and additional food, is that they are needed in order to stay intelligent.
During this time Napoleon remarks, "Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science comrades)
contains substances absolutely necessary to the well–being of a pig" (35–36). Even in todays'
society, it is most likely for a person with a better education to be more dominant than one without.
The pigs use this to their advantage by saying because they are the most intelligent, they must be the
leaders. The pigs also continuously edit the Seven Commandments to allow them to do whatever
they please. Naturally, the other animals are somewhat confused by this, but they let it go acting like
it was always written the way it

The Characteristics Of Beagles
5. Beagle
You may remember the Beagle breed from the film Shiloh, or you may recognize the most famous
Beagle ever, Snoopy, the dog from the Peanuts comic strip. If you take one look at a Beagle, it's
easy to see the appeal. They have adorable, puppy–dog eyes, floppy ears, and soft features. And they
have a very friendly personality to match. But most of all, they have powerful noses. They're scent
hounds, which means they were bred to rely mostly on their sense of smell to hunt. They are still
used for this purpose today.
In fact, all of these traits make them the perfect choice for working in airports around the world.
They're friendly and cute, so they don't intimidate people, and they have great sniffers, which helps
them detect contraband, even in a crowded airport. This began in 1984 when the U.S. Department of
Agriculture started using Beagles to detect illegal food products being brought into Los Angeles
International Airport. The Beagle was so successful that the "Beagle Brigade" still patrols 20
international airports and points of entry into the U.S. today!
4. Poodle
The Poodle held the title of most popular breed in the United States for almost 20 years. While they
may seem prim and proper to those who have only seen the fancy–hairdo–wearing pups from dog
shows, those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And if you've ever met a Labrador Retriever, it's easy to see why. They're incredibly friendly and
loyal, great for families, and perfect companion dogs. In fact, they've been made famous by art,
books, and movies. But a good–natured personality isn't the Labrador Retriever's only strength.
They were bred to be working dogs. It won't take you long to notice that Labrador Retrievers love
the water. That's because they originated in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where they
accompanied fisherman and helped with work on the ship. The loyal Labrador would haul in nets,
fetch ropes, and catch fish that got off the

Dogs Are Great Pet Companions Research
Thesis/Central Idea: I believe that dogs are great pet companions I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention
Getter: What is one companion that will love you unconditionally? B. Thesis: I believe that dogs are
great pet companions C. Overview: Dogs are very intelligent, always loyal, and give constant love
II. BODY A. Intelligence 1. Dogs can be trained to do a number of things if given the proper
training. A few common commands are sit, shake, lie down, and roll over. 2. For more intelligent
dogs, they can be trained to become police dogs that play an active role in police investigations or
become therapy dogs that comfort and help the people who need it most. TRANSITION: Along
with dogs high level of intellegince, they can be very protective over

German Shepherds : A Man 's Best Friend
German Shepherds "A man's best friend," that is the relationship we tend to think about people who
love dogs like I do. For many years, dogs have played a vital role in society, acting as part of a
family, a "best friend," and a guardian. Human beings tend to have a strong relationship with their
pets to the point that they care for them as if they were their own child. Coming from a dog owner
of many different kinds of breeds, dogs have always played a large role of my life growing up. One
of the most first–rate dogs I've ever got the privilege to have and care for was a full grown German
Shepherd; a very unique breed who has been loved and recognized from many places around the
world. The German Shepherds are a very intelligent and active breed, they well known for being
protective, powerful and very active, but the main reason they make such a great pet is because their
obedience. The first German shepherd was bred in Germany in 1899 by Max Von Stephanitz; the
breed was not registered to the United States until 1912. The purpose of the breed was for utility, the
ability to any job, and intelligence and Stephanitz certainly reached the goal. From my experience as
well as other dog owners we have learned that they are wise, caring, and protecting dogs. German
Shepherds are widely known around the world for their intelligence, bravery, and loyalty. This breed
of dog is one of the easiest to train due to their obedience and understanding; they can be taught any
trick or

Essay on Creation vs. Evolution
The purpose of this essay is not to prove "Darwinian" evolution, as the writer would be performing
a feat already done by others, but to examine a certain track of thought amongst Creation
proponents. Specifically their noting certain improbabilities of evolution's ability to "design." I'll
evade defining the individual concepts because they've all been described before, and far better than
I could manage, although I'll point out that micro/macro evolution distinction is largely Creationist
lingo, as is the "kind" terminology. In the text, I'll refer to evolutionary theory/macro–evolution as
"evolution" and creation/intelligent design as "creation", and proponents of each of them as
"evolutionists" and "creationists" respectively. If ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determining that only a omnipotent creator could devise the design observed due to its example of
intelligence. This is entirely evasive. This process excludes the fact that there is barely a unifying
definition of intelligence. In fact, one of the best definitions is given by notable psychologist HJ
Eysenck's quote, "Intelligence is what intelligence tests test". On top of this, evolutionary theory
predicts design, in a much more succinct and testable manner than creation. If there is a drum that
creationists like to beat more than this intelligence argument, I haven't met it.
Gravity sorts. Is order intelligence? Magnetism creates phenomena invisible to the naked eye, but
with the outward appearance of intelligent purpose. Chemical reactions at times seem magical.
These three factors alone make for a vast pallet of behaviors, and also constraints. Because water
finds the lowest point, is that an example of intelligence, or gravity?
Evolutionists don't recognize micro–evolution as being distinctly different from macro–evolution.
Creationists generally believe in the former and not the latter. A good example of the proposed
micro–evolutionary process is the speciation of dogs. Creationists claim that there were a mated pair
of original dog–like species, or "kind", who gradually spread out, and speciated into wolves, dingos,
domestic dogs, etc. This isn't, in general, divergent from evolutionary theory, but does display some
subtle differences. Note

Classical Conditioning Essay
1. Describe the basic process of classical conditioning, using an original example. Be sure to
identify the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. 125–150 words; 15 points
We know that classical conditioning is when how our behaviors are affected when you have a
stimulus. Even though Pavlov used a dog in order to explain classical conditioning and example I
am going to use is my dog when I open a can. UCS is also known as an unconditioned stimulus
which is when my dog would smell the food. UCR which is known as the unconditioned response is
when my dog knows he needs to eat because he needs to eat to live. CS is known as the conditioned
stimulus is when my dog hears me open his can of dog food in order to put food in his bowl. This is
sort of like the bell in Pavlov's study but the opening of the can. The CR which is the conditioned
response is that once he hears the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He believed that an individual can have multiple intelligences which can help individuals solve
problems, created things as well as deal with cultures to name a few. He believed that these multiple
intelligences came forth when needed and each were separate than each other. He described eight
different intelligences regarding certain situations. Now Sternberg came up with triarchic theory
which counteracts Gardner's theory by stating that some of the eight intelligences are actually talents
instead. Sternberg came up with three forms which deal with mental processes of learning, creativity
as well as practicality. He calls these three types of intelligences the "successful intelligences".
There are multiple ways in order to describe intelligences and how you perceive them.
4. Brian was caught robbing a bank. Describe how Brian's bank–robbing behavior might be
explained by at least three of the following motivational theories: (a) drive theories, (b) incentive
theory, (c) instinct theory, (d) arousal theory, and/or (e) humanistic theory. 125–150 words; 15

Droid Research Papers
My droid comes out of its charging station and scans my face pattern to identify the correct cereal I
will need to start my day. My sneakers, hoody, and the right color hue of my blue jeans were chosen
to match my biorhythms, my class schedule and today's weather forecast. As a nerdy scientific
dreamer, hoping to some day own a droid like C3–PO or R2–D2 to assist in the lives of millions in
every imaginable form is now reality.
Because of my programming background I am able to understand that without the proper
programming my droid, computer, or smartphone are no better than a pebble skimming in the river.
But then there are those who do not have the slightest interest understand programming. They are
the ones trapped in this illusion of having a mechanical robot magically become human like and live
with them for the rest of there lives, these are the people I worry about. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They studied 3 groups; the first group with assisted living trained dogs, the second with assisted
living robotic dogs and the third with neither. They conclude that interactive robotic dogs can reduce
loneliness in the long–term patients just as well as their real counterparts, and the patients become
attached to the dog robots. Although loneliness' antidote is companionship are they living a false
sense of companionship? What happens when the bubble of the realization that the droid is only
recognizing patterns through a processor and its 8 gigabytes of random access memory, what

How Does George Orwell Use Propaganda In Animal Farm
Animal Farm, by George Orwell, is an allegoric novel based on the history of the Soviet Union and
the Russian Revolution (1917 to 1944) disguised as an animal fable. Orwell draws his audience into
a utopian, metaphorical history novel through his animal characters. Squealer represents intelligence
and education; Napoleon represents propaganda and duplicity; The dogs to represent violence and
terror as a means of control; and finally Boxer represents apathy and acceptance. Throughout each
of the characters stories, there are themes of the Soviet Union intertwined. The pigs represents
intelligence and education, particularly Squealer as he is able to manipulate others and control
information. The use of intelligence and education is a tool ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In some ways the two characters may represent two aspects of the Soviet population. The blind and
devoted labour of the proletariat (Boxer) and their resignation to the realisation that there is no point
in challenging anything or anyone, as nothing will ever change (Benjamin).'The animals crowded
around the van "Good–bye, Boxer" they chorused, "good–bye!" "Fools! Fools!" shouted Benjamin,
prancing round them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. "Fools! Do you not see what is
written on the side of that

World War 1 Military Dogs Essay
Dogs had a vital part to play in World War One as the complexes of trenches spread throughout the
Western Front. It is estimated that by 1918, Germany had employed 30,000 dogs, Britain, France
and Belgian over 20,000 and Italy 3000. America, at first, did not use dogs except to utilise a few
hundred from the Allies for specific missions. Later, after a chance stowaway, the USA produced the
most decorated and highly–ranked service dog in military history, Sergeant Stubby.
Lots of dog breeds were used during World War One, but the most popular type of dogs were
medium–sized, intelligent and trainable breeds. Two in particular were used because of their
superior strength, agility, territorial nature and trainability; Doberman Pinscher's and GSDs, both
native to Germany. Doberman's were used because they are both highly intelligent and easily
trainable, and possess excellent guarding abilities. Being of slight frame and extremely agile, their
dark coat allowed them to slip undetected through terrain without alerting the enemy. They were
employed most frequently in Germany. German Shepherd's were used also because of their strength,
intelligence and trainability, being eager to please their masters. Other breeds associated with WWI
were smaller breeds such as terriers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally, the roles fell into the category of sentry dogs, scout dogs, casualty dogs, explosive dogs,
ratters and mascot dogs.
Sentry dogs
These dogs were patrolled using a short leash and a firm hand. They were trained to accompany
usually one specific guard and were taught to give a warning signal such as a growl, bark or snarl to
indicate when an unknown or suspect presence was in the secure area such as a camp or military
base. Dobermans have traditionally been used as sentry dogs and are still widely used today as
guard

Animal Learning Assessment
After reviewing the behavior lectures, researching animal learning test and using my own personal
experience I would rank these animals in order of intelligence likewise.
1. Cats
2. Pigs
3. Dogs
4. Cattle
5. Horses
Cats excel across multiple facets of intelligence testing. Having the highest brain weight to body
ratio (1%), 8 common vocalizations, and over 15 complex vocalizations in which they use to
communicate. Yes, I do realize that they may not have preformed as well when it came to the maze
test, coming in at 510 errors before success. Nevertheless, when you combine the results of all these
test I find that cats come out on top. From a performance standpoint they provide he most reliability
and stamina across multiple facets of testing criteria. In a very close ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, they lack luster when it comes to brain weight to body ratio (0.05%). This is probably
because of our own human interference, we have raised these animals to be fast growing and heavy
muscled. I have personally worked with pigs and I find them to be incredibly fast learners but for
this discussion I must side with the data and rank them second. In third comes dogs, they provide
the least errors in the maze test (300) and adequate brain to body weight ratio (0.50%). Although
when I research vocalizations online I find that they lack the numbers of the pig and the cat. In my
research I also found that in studies pigs have actually shown a greater learning of tricks and
specific tasks than that of the canine. Surprisingly dogs actually share the lowest number of erros in
the maze test with cattle, but their ability to produce more complex vocalizations and their higher
brain to body weight ratio gives them the upper hand so I leave cattle 4th. Despite these
shortcomings I still prefer cattle over horses in my final decision. Cattle have an average brain to
body weight ratio (0.10%) while also showing strength in the maze test, 300 errors before success.
There is very little

Are Cats Smarter Than Dogs
The Egyptians worshipped them, fish fear them, and they own the space around them like kings;
cats are small forces to be reckoned with. Do like cats or dogs? This question has haunted every "get
to know me" questionnaire ever since I've been dubbed sufficiently literate enough to know and
write about these needless facts. Why every elementary school teacher saw this question as the
optimum way to ease the first day jitters is beyond me, but I digress. Recently I've decided that it
really isn't a question of preferring one over the other, but rather it's you like one and respect the
other. Dogs are impossible to not like; they're large puffs of fur that contain about as much
intelligence as an infant while also retaining the endearing quality of "I'll love you forever if you pet
me". Cats however, are cold, cunning, and judgmental creatures that refuse to demean themselves
with silly things such as utter devotion. When faced with these two polar opposite creatures, it is
clear which one demands respect. This is why cats are smarter than dogs; it is their self–awareness,
ability to concoct schemes, and wholehearted refusal to submit to humans that guarantees them a
reputation of intelligence and prestige. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike dogs, who tend to stick to your side all the time, cats basically go off and do their own thing
until they need something. If you're feeling lonely one day and decide you want to cuddle your cat
there is a 50/50 chance of getting bit or scratch because they weren't feeling especially sensitive that
day. However, if they do need or want something from you, cats have no problem asking. A cat
owner never needs to worry about their cat needing something because they will tell you no matter
what you may be doing at the time. Their demanding nature is instrumental to their survival and
wellbeing as a domesticated

Chihhua Research Paper
Chihuahuas are one of the cutest and yippiest breeds of dogs, and we are here to give you the full
scoop. Whether you are in the market for a new pup, have a Chihuahua, or just love dogs, you will
have lots of fun reading our fun facts about these precious little doggies. Read on to find out all of
the little kinks and quirks this pup has to offer! Be sure to come back for our part two article,
featuring the top five fun facts that you didn't know about Chihuahuas!
Number Ten: Smallest of Them All. The Chihuahua is smaller than any other dog breed on Earth,
weighing usually no more than a maximum of 10 pounds. Because of their tiny full–grown size, the
puppies of this breed have been known to weigh only a few ounces and fit in your hand. How

Border Collie: One Of The Smartest Types Of Animal...
Animal Intelligence Research
Dogs are capable of understanding up to 100 words or more. Many people consider dogs to be more
intelligent than a human child. In reality there are different kinds of intelligence. Different breeds of
dogs are better at different types of things.Certain breeds, like Border Collies and Golden
Retrievers, are easier to train than other types of dogs. A study has shown that a Border Collie is one
of the smartest types of dogs. The Border Collie is full of energy, affectionate, and extremely smart.
This type of dog is a true working dog excelling in sheep herding, agility, and athleticism. Border
Collies are also known for their "herding eyes," an intense gaze used to stare down and herd other
animals.

Critical Analysis of “Are Dogs more Intelligent than...
Stanley Coren starts off his article by pointing out that everybody has their opinions about which
animal is smarter, whether it is cats or dogs, but that nobody actually has facts to back up their
opinions. Coren explains that it is difficult to compare intelligence between two different species
because "each are specialized to do different things." One test that is the same cannot be given to
both species because of the difference in their daily lives. Both species have different strengths and
weaknesses. Coren claims that people argue that the bigger brain an animal has, the smarter that
species is. This was found untrue because animals who are larger have larger brains to accommodate
functions of their larger body. Coren states that "As a general rule, animals that hunt for a living
(like canines) are smarter than strict vegetarians (you don't need much intelligence to outsmart a leaf
of lettuce)." Coren adds that another factor "is how social the animals are." Animals that socialize
and interact are smarter, this is why dogs have been found more intelligent than cats. Cats are more
independent and much less sociable. This causes them to have less chances of gaining intelligence.
In recent data it was found that dogs are more subjected to newer demands, which increases their
intelligence. Because of more demands put on dogs their intelligence is rising while "cats have
remained at much the same level of mental ability that they had when we first domesticated them."
At

To Build A Fire Essay
In the third paragraph of To Build A Fire by Jack London, he writes "He was quick and alert in the
things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances". The meaning of this line in To
Build A Fire is to foreshadow what later occurs and to introduce the theme of this epic tale. This
unnamed man is warned about the dangers of the Yukon trail early in the journey by an old–timer
who is far more experienced witht the Yukon trail but believes his intellect is no match for any type
of danger nature could offer. The dog, however, can sense the trouble that lays ahead in the frozen
wasteland and is hesitant to move onward. The fate of the traveler and his dog in To Build A Fire
demonstrates the fatal dangers of favoring intellect over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His theory is that intellect strives for perfection while instinct strives for repetition. The theory
makes perfect sense in the story of To Build A Fire because at the end of the story the dog leaves the
man and returns to the camp that he knows is safe. The theory also makes sense for the man because
he believes nothing could possible outsmart him which ultimately leads to his own downfall at the
end of the story. Mark first starts out by stating that "Instincts are raw energies innate to each
species that induce impulses, inclinations and disinclinations, each strongly longing for certain
satisfaction and pleasure, and to avoid pain" which gets at the fact that instincts are there to keep the
animal alive. Mark refers to instincts as stagnant, primitive, and utterly selfish because instincts are
about the one person or animal. When instincts kick in, it is no longer about anything but yourself
and how you are going to survive whatever dangerous condition that you are in currently. Intellect
and instincts are to opposing forces, intellect being achieved through achievements and instincts
being shown through our

A Veteran Banned From Military Housing
Doberman Pinschers and German Shepherd dogs mark 100 years with the AKC. Both German
Shepherds and Dobermans were the Devil Dogs in WWII (Mahood). Both dog breeds have given
years of service to the military. Both dogs have been faithful loyal companions and incredibly
intelligent. Both dogs are ranked in the top five for obedience and working intelligence ("Dog
intelligence rankings"). Yet, the German Shepherd is currently the military police's working dog and
its veteran companion, the Doberman Pinscher, is currently banned from living in military bases.
How is breed banning fair or even effective? In January 5th 2009, the Department of the Army
released a memorandum announcing a new pet policy for families living on military base ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
U.S. Army Veterinary Command (VETCOM) and the American Veterinary Medical Association
(AVMA) as well as many other organizations, believe that breed bans are not the answer and is an
inadequate solution to reducing dog bite fatalities on military installations. They believe that "a
comprehensive approach versus breed bans is a more realistic method of controlling dog bites
within a community" (Rolfe). Banning breeds is a knee–jerk response that is inappropriate and
ineffective. Any breed can be dangerous; there was a case where a Dachshund was involved in
killing an 87–year–old woman ("2005 dog bite fatalities"). This policy assumes that all dogs of a
certain breed is considered dangerous and will bite, instead of acknowledging that most dogs will
not. Another issue is breed identification. According to the memorandum, the dog will be not be
allowed if officials think it looks like one of the banned breeds. That makes the policy unfair even to
dogs that are not from the so called "dangerous" breeds. For example, a Labrador–Boxer mix, the
result looks a lot like a Pit Bull, but are in no way related. Or certain black and tan Labradors that
look like Rottweilers. The deciding factor is not breed, it is ownership. Irresponsible ownership in
the form of poor care, neglect, etc. results in a potentially dangerous dog. Irresponsible owners will
just get a dog that is not banned

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Argumentative Essay On Why Dogs Are Smarter Than Cats