4. DEFINITION
Keith Davis Chapple and Read McFarland
Communication is a
process of passing
information and
understanding from one
person to another.
Communication is any
behavior that results in an
exchange of meaning.
Communication is the
process by which
meanings are perceived
and understandings are
reached among human
beings
7. THE SENDER The sender is also called the communicator or source.
The sender has some kind of information:
• Command
• Request
• Question
• Idea
The sender must first encode the message in a form
that can be understood and then transmit it.
8. THE RECEIVER
The person to whom a message is directed is
called the receiver or the interpreter.
To comprehend the information from the
sender, the receiver must first be able to
receive the sender's information and then
decode or interpret it.
9. THE MESSAGE
The message or content is the
information that the sender wants to
relay to the receiver.
10. THE MEDIUM
The medium is also called the
channel. The device by which a
message, oral or written, can be
transmitted from the sender to the
receiver.
11. FEEDBACK
Feedback is the response of the
receiver to the sender’s message indicating
comprehension.
Feedback may be direct, such as a
written or verbal response, or it may take
the form of an act or deed in response
(indirect).
12. CODE
Code is a system of rules to
convert information such as:
• Symbols
• Signs
• Letters
• Words
• Sounds
• Images
• Gestures
• Language
13. ENCODING
Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication.
Selecting the right words, and associated symbols in verbal
communication or gestures, tones, and sounds in non-verbal
communication are ways of encoding a thought.
14. DECODING
Decoding is the process in which the
decoder decodes or interprets a message
encoded by a source using his experiences
and intellect.
Message can be decoded by our
mechanisms, thoughts, knowledge, and
memories to create meaning.
15. CONTENT
The content is what is actually being said,
the actual words and symbols used.
The context is the nonverbal elements
that accompany the content. These can be the
sender’s eyes or body language movements,
such as hand gestures.
16. CONTEXT
The context is the nonverbal elements
that accompany the content such as
background, environment, setting,
framework, or surroundings of events or
occurrences. A context could be in the form
of a place or situation.
17. Example Of Context
1.This story was written in the 19th century after the end of the Civil War. (The context
mentions – when)
2.Gandhi studied law in South Africa before returning to India and starting the Freedom
Movement. (The context mentions – where)
3.Harry Potter was published in 1997 by Bloomsbury, United Kingdom. (The context mentions
when and where)
4.Ivan heard ‘Bonjour’ as soon as he landed at the airport and saw the tower’s top on the way
18.
19. SITUATION
Beck wants to cook roasted chicken for a big family
dinner, so she texts her husband, Joe, to stop by the
grocery store to buy the meat, after he has done his work.
Beck:
Hi, dear. Please
stop by the
grocery and buy
the meats after
work.
Joe:
okay, honey.
Joe texts her back, confirming. Reaching home, Joe
comes up with a bag of meat. But, Beck is surprised to
see that Joe has bought beef meat instead of chicken
meat.
20. Always remember that for communication
to be successful, it is important that the
listener or reader understands the message.
Put all three elements together — sender,
receiver, and message — and you have the
communication process at its most basic.
21. How does the communication process work?
In order to successfully communicate, it's important to
understand how the process works. Here are the seven steps in
the communication process:
1.The sender develops an idea to be sent.
2.The sender encodes the message.
3.The sender selects the channel of communication that will be
used.
4.The message travels over the channel of communication.
5.The message is received by the receiver.
6.The receiver decodes the message.
7.The receiver provides feedback, if applicable.