Mother Tongue Based Eraly Childood Education

1. Early Childhood Care and Education
for Adivasi Children in India ?
- National Advocacy Council for Development of Indigenous People
(NAC-DIP the National Network of Adivasi Organisations)

2. A. Every year millions of infants around the world
begin an extraordinary sprint – from defenceless
newborns to becoming proactive young children
ready for school.
B. Every year, countless numbers of young children
are stopped in their tracks – deprived, in one way
or another, of the love, care, nurturing, health,
nutrition and protection that they need to survive,
grow and develop.
C. Nearly 10 million children die before their fifth
birthday each year.
D. Over 200 million children are not developing to
their full potential –solely because their caregivers
lack the basic conditions needed for young
children to survive and thrive.

3. People
Issue of 10% population with 622 Tribal Communities

4. ADIVASIS (STs) are the INDIGENOUS
people with a distinct identity
and culture that has territorial
identification, a harmonious and
symbiotic relationship with the
earth as her children, internally
organized on egalitarian and
communitarian basis, with
systems of knowledge, language,
self-rule, self-reliance &
self-governance and nationhood”.

5. 1. More than 370 million tribal people
live in worldwide;
2. Adivasis are living in more than 100
countries (roughly);
3. Over 5000 distinct Indigenous
communities in this world;
4. There are 4000 culture/ traditions in AROUND THE WORLD
worldwide (3500);
5. About 7000 languages at international
level among this over 5000 languages
are from the indigenous communities ;
6. Nearly 10% of the Indian population
are Adivasi Communities

6. Distinctive
Culture
Unique way Geographic
of life al Isolation
/Equality
Traditional
language, Worshiping
song/musi Nature
c
ADIVASIS / TRIBES
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Shyness
Depending of contact
on Natural with
resources outsiders
Backwardne Living in
ss and unreachabl
Poverty e areas
Traditional
beliefs &
Practices

7. According to Government;
Primitive Traits…
Geographical isolation…
Distinct culture with traditions, language…
Shy of contact with community at large…
Economically backwardness…

8. There are 105,295 villages and 57
Urban Areas/Towns which have
more than 50% Scheduled tribes
population in the country.
Total population of Scheduled
Tribes is 84,326,240 as per the
Census 2001 which accounts for
8.2% of the total population of
country. There is no proper survey
and majority of the STs live in rural
areas and remote areas.
India still has 27% of its land as
natural forest with rich minerals by
living more than 15% of its
population; historically protected
with sustainably by the adivasis.

9. Central Zone Indigenous
People
 The Central Zone (46%) is reeling under State
oppression due to the MAO movement, conflict
due to the influence of MNCs and forced
displacement due to developments, religious
fundamentalism resulting in loss of livelihoods,
property, identity and language. A mass Exodus
of the Indigenous due to the genocide policy
against Maoists in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and
migration for employment, forced labour, human
trafficking, development exploitation are the real

10. Western Zone Indigenous
People
 In the Western Zone (27.6%) the
Indigenous People suffered of mass
displacement, denial of lands and
livelihoods due to Dam constructions and
Special Economic Zones, Industries and
because of the liberalization economy.
 Land alienation, isolation, violence and
forced migration are very high. Schemes
and projects of the state are adapting
exclusive approach.

11. North & Eastern Zone Indigenous
People
 As both the North Eastern zone (12.4%) and
the North Western zone (2%) are situated
along the international borders of China,
Myanmar and Bangladesh in the North-East,
and Pakistan and China on the north west,
these zones experience internal and external
terrorism, are the hub of State atrocities due
to Armed Forces Special Power Act (AFSPA)
and political unrest, ethnic conflicts, human
trafficking for tourist & hospitality industry and
extreme poverty.

12. Indigenous people in
Islands
 Ever since the Tsunami calamity in 2004,
the Islands of Andaman & Nicobar and
Lakshadweep (0.1%) and even the
mainland eastern coastal areas are
continuously facing threat in various
forms. Indigenous identity, language and
birth rights are threatened by many rules
and regulations that deny them their right
to enjoy their customary rights, livelihood
resources and traditional & customary

13. Southern Zone
Indigenous People
 Southern zone –Tamilnadu, Kerala,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
(11.5%) is heavily affected by the
dominant culture hegemony, displaced
due to conservation laws and forced to
become environment migrants and
bonded labourers, child labourers, loss of
traditional identity, extreme poverty
illiteracy, lack of acceptance to their
indigenous knowledge, continues
atrocities & human rights violations are

14. ECCE & ADIVASI CHILDREN
Creating learning opportunity with mother tongue shall improve the
understanding power, can reduce drop-outs, will improve in regular
schooling and can reduce family expenditure.

15. 40.1% of
Tribals
are
Data on Poverty among STs:
displaced
76% of the – Govt. 71% of the
Adivasis Reports. adivasi are
do not unable to
have read and
permanent write.
Houses.
83% of the
Tribals do 64% of the
not have Tribals are
Tribal Children poorest of
toilet/sanit
ation the poor.
Facility.
53.1% of 63.5% of
STs do not the Tribals
have do not have
Drinking access to
Water Electricity.

16. The Indian tribes has exposed to literacy only
Literacy Data among STs
after 1992 due to National Policy on
Education.
As per Report the Literacy Rate of STs is
29.6%
(Literacy Rate: Male 40.7% and Female 18.2)
Illiteracy rate of STs is 70.4% at all India level
Enrolment Rate: Classes I-V (primary level;)
90.7% and Classes VI-VIII is 43.2%
School-drop rates of the STs: Classes I-VIII is
77.7%

17. Health Data on Adivasi People
Only 17.1% is the Institutional Deliveries among Adivasis
Childhood Vaccination rate is 26.4 % only
Child Mortality Rate among STs is 46.3%
Over 56% of the Adivasi children are under nourished
Percentage of Adivasi Women with Anemia 64.9%
Lack of support for tribal healing systems and
Non recognisation of traditional medicinal knowledge

18. Some Facts;-
 We claim that - nearly 10 % of total
population –survey is ?
 Age group of 0-6 children is over 1.6 crores
 There are several programmes such as
 Tribal Development Programmes
 Tribal Sub Plans
 Education – Ekalaiva schools
 Modified Area Development Area
project
 Special programme for PTGs (75)
 Structure – MOTA, NSTC, STFDC,
TRIFED, etc

19. Educationally backward districts- thickly tribal populated
Andhra Pradesh(4) Maharashtra: (5)
Assam: (14) Manipur: (1)
Bihar: (12) Meghalaya: (1)
Chhattisgarh: (8) Orissa: (12)
Gujarat: (2) Rajasthan: (4)
Himachal Pradesh: (3) Sikkim: (3)
Jharkhand: (13) Tamilnadu: (2)
Karnataka: (1) Tripura: (3)
Kerala (1): Uttar Pradesh: (2)
Madhya Pradesh: (10) West Bengal: (4)

20. Sixty Tribal Districts under IAP-It is aimed at quick resolution of
problems concerning healthcare, drinking water, education and roads.
Sl. State Districts (Each district gets Rs.30 crores in every year) – where it goes?
Govt says that it is for integrated area development programme?!
1 Andhra Pradesh (2) Adilabad, Khammam
2 Bihar(7) Arwal, , , Jamui, Jehanabad, Nawada and Rohtas
3 Chhattisgarh (10) Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Jashpur, Kanker, Kawardha, Koriya, Narayanpur,
Rajnandgaon and Sarguja
4 Jharkhand (14) Bokaro, Chatra, Garhwa, Gumla, Hazaribagh, Kodarma, Latehar, Lohardaga, Paschim
Singhbhum, Palamu, Purbi Singhbhum, Ramgarh, Saraikela and Simdega
5 Madhya Pradesh (8) Anuppur, Balaghat, Dindori, Mandla, Seoni, Shahdol, Sidhi and Umaria,
6 Maharashtra(2) Gadchiroli, Gondiya,
7 Orissa (15) Bolangir, Debagarh/Deogarh, Gajapati, Kalahandi, Kandhamal/Phulbani,
Kendujhar/Keonjhar, Koraput, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nabarangapur, Nuapada,
Rayagada, Sambalpur, Sonapur and Sundargarh
8 Uttar Pradesh (1) Sonbhadra
9 WB(1) Paschim Medinipur

21. Census Report 2011
• Total Children in India in the age group of 0-6 is 15,87,89,287
• Male Children in the age group of 0-6 is 8,29,52,135
• Female Children in the age group of 0-6 is 7,58,37,152
Census Report 2001
• Total Children in India in the age group of 0-6 is 16,38,37,395
• Male Children in the age group of 0-6 is 850,08,267
• Female Children in the age group of 0-6 is 7,88,29,128
Difference is 50,48,108?
Education/Literacy Rate:
Total Literacy Rate 74% General (Male 82%, Female 65%)
Illiterate population in India is 27,29,50,015 persons
Tribal literacy is less than 33%

22. Children in India
 Children constitute about 40% of India’s population.
 Nearly 46.40 cores, But India’s infant mortality rate of 120 per cent thousand put it in the
27th from the top in a list of 130 countries around the world.
 About 30,000 children go blind every year because of the deficiency of vitamin A.
 22.7 million children in the age of 6 to 11 years are illiterate.
 Over 16 million children work in India and most of them exploited very much in all aspects.
 Thousands of children kidnapped every year and many of them forced into beggary. In all
these unfavourable situation the girl child is badly affected including in trafficking.
 The National Policy for children refers to health and nutrition of children and mothers,
nutrition education of mothers, free and compulsory education of children up to the age of
14 and recreation and cultural and scientific activities.
 Adivasi children are the most marginalised and victims of trafficking. Nearly 70% of ST
children do not have educational rights.

23. Issues faced by children 0-6 age group
Adivasi Lack of
Children are Anganwadi
the most centres in Tribal
vulnerable and
extremely villages.
marginalized in Poor performance
India and who of ICDS centers/
does not have and their workers
any
opportunities No schools in
in accessing tribal areas –
pre school or especially in
play school remote villages
and lack of
quality, Tribal Children
technical and educational rights
professional is neglected by all
education!

24. HEALTH & ADIVASI CHILD RIGHTS
UNICEF estimates that in the year 2000 about 24,20,000 children in India
died before reaching at the age of five. It estimates that about half of these
deaths of children under five are associated with malnutrition and illhealth.

32. A. Article 21(A): Right to Education (less than 10%)
B. Article 29: Cultural and Educational Rights (35% of funds are returning to Delhi)
C. Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for all (Teachers are
posted in remote villages on the basis of Punishment)
D. Article 46: Promotion of educational & economic interests of SC/STs and
other weaker sections (Eg. No anganwadis, ICDS in 60 important locations)
E. Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the
standard of living and to improve public health (eg: 80% of women and 70% of
children suffered from anemia in tribal hill areas).
F. Projection –image- False statement by the state about the development of its citizens.
Eg India is shining, India is developed, India is 12th wealthiest and yet 41% are poor!
National
legal
Constitutional Provisions for protecting Child
framework Rights

33. Article 02: No child should be discriminated for any reasons
Article 03: The BEST INTEREST of the child in all actions-including
legislations/plans
Article 06: Every child has the inherent right to life
Article 05: Parents have a primary responsibility for the growth of their
children
Article 09: State shall provide all systems & facilities to the parents to help
their kids
Article 13: A child has a right to information
Article 15: All Children have a right to association and assembly
Article 24: Every child has the right to food and nutrition
Article 28: Every child has the right to education
Internation Article United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
The 29: Children have the right to knowledge on the natural environment
al
framework Child
UNCRC

34. NEEDS OF ADIVASI CHILDREN

35. In the first years of life, children establish the
cognitive, emotional and social foundation upon
which they can build their futures. Early childhood
Need of ECCE for Adivasis care and education is the most significant
developmental period of life.
A baby who is visually stimulated, continuously
engaged in interactive activities, hugged, cooed to
and comforted is more likely to fully develop
cognitive, language, emotional and social skills, all
of which are vital for success in school, in the
community and subsequently in life.
Yet, nearly half the world’s children – especially
girls from marginalized populations – are likely to
miss out on programmes that can develop these
skills in early childhood.

36. Right to Survival and Development
of the Tribal Children
Tribal Children needs support and care with their
environment and quality nutrition and care with
friendly environment for development
About 39 million people in India suffer from food
insecurity. Nearly 10 million children under the
age of five die every year of largely preventable
diseases. The number of children dying each
year due to malnutrition – currently 3.5 million –
is likely to increase as a result of over
exploitation on nature.

37. Right to Basic Education
and Gender Equality
1. Play school in all tribal hamlets with ECCE
policy – trained workers
2. Free, compulsory quality education for all
children – with good infrastructure
3. Mother-tongue based multi-lingual education
for growth and success and for mainstream
4. Enforcement of the RTE act in all areas –
focusing girl children in tribal areas
5. Support and good facility for teachers who
stay in tribal/remote areas

38. Right to learn with Tribal Language
As a child’s first exposure to education, there is debate around the
language used for instruction and communication. Tribal children have
limited contact with the state language, and tend to speak in their own
local dialect. Government schools use the state language for teaching
and communication, which is most often not familiar to a tribal child at the
pre-primary and primary levels. They are thus unable to fully
comprehend classroom teaching and activities, read in the state
language or understand the texts properly.
Advantages:
 Tribal language instruction makes the process of education and
learning easier and more natural.
By affording a sense of assimilation, such a practice can aid in
reducing drop-outs.
This can also help increase a child’s participation in learning processes
at school.
This will give confident in accepting and learning all other languages.

39. Right to Protection
from Exploitation &
Discrimination
Protecting children from violence,
exploitation and abuse
Implementing Prevention of Atrocities
Act to prevent trafficking and
discrimination
Exploring all possibilities for the
quality and equality education
Training to the parents and youth
against terrorism and conflicts which
shall create better environment for the
next generation

40. Protecting the
physical and
mental
development
of children is
the most
important of
all
investments
in the social
and economic
development
of our

41. 12th Year in Celebrating Struggles

42. NACDIP is a network of
adivasi organisations
working to ensure
justice and equality.
This involves in
networking, advocating
for their economic,
social rights, articulate
for govt’s accountability
in their policies/
schemes/ laws and
implementing
empowerment
projects to challenge
inequality, enhancing
child rights education,
promotion of human
rights and using legal
provisions with people’s
participation.

43. MISSION OF NACDIP
To create a common platform
for uniting all the indigenous
communities of India to assert
their constitutional rights,
undertake issues affecting
their life and livelihoods,
advocate with the association
of different forums with united
action for the equality and
dignity of the Adivasi
communities.

44. NACDIP Approach:-
• Rights-based approach
• Participatory approach
• Networking approach
• Child Rights approach

45. Bhuriya
Committee
united us and
leaded towards
PESA then FRA
then RTE and
now on ECCE

46. Campaign on
PESA, FRA
POA Covered
over 180 NGOs
& 16 states with
state and
central
departments,
along with
adivasi
movements.
Our actions 31.49 lakh claims have been filed.
created some 12.30 lakh land titles have been distributed.
results that are More than 14,000 titles are ready for distribution.
visible at the 28,08,494 claims have been disposed of (89.17%).

47. Increasing
school
attendance,
reducing
drop-outs &
promotion of
educational
development
by providing
opportunities
that would
open up a
window of
scope in the
world for the
tribal children.

48. Protecting
Human rights of
the Adivasis and
respecting their
right to a life of
dignity, right to
freedom, self-
determination
and traditional
identity. Focus
on UDHR,
ICCPR, UNO,
ILO and fight for
Fundamental
Rights

49. 1. EQUALITY & SOCIAL JUSTICE
(Article 14, 29, 46 of the Constitution):
The state shall promote with special care
the educational and economic interests of
the weaker sections of the people, and, in
particular, of the scheduled tribes and
shall protect them from social injustice
and all forms of exploitation.

50. 2. SELF-DETERMINATION
(Article 244-1 of the Constitution):
Over 51267 villages that is being the
original inhabitants by adivasi families
which need immediate recognisation as per
the PESA 1996 act and autonomy from the
forest & revenue departments.

51. 3. RIGHT TO LAND & FOREST
(Article 19, 244, 275, 339 of the Constitution):
More the 90 per cent of the tribals are
dependent on agriculture, forest and allied
activities. There are a number of social and
religious rituals connected with land which
establish emotional ties between the tribals
and their land. Hence, by using the FRA
2006, each adivasi families must be given
10 acres of land and right to NTFP.

52. 4. CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION
(ILO convention 107 & 169):
Many of the tribal areas have rich natural resource
potential, bulk of which remains to be explored. In some
areas, large scale industries and big mining complexes
have been established and all these are forcing for
displacement. The pattern of development in these areas,
however, has not been in the best interest of the tribal
communities. Hence, there should be consultation with
tribal people’s participation in sharing of benefits, profits
and on all decision-making process.

53. 5. INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
(Article 23, 24, 275 of the Constitution):
More than six decades after independence, the
majority of adivasi families in this country are
living with no basic facilities-no shelter, no ration
card, no hospitals, no roads, no transports, no
schools and no community certificates. People are
evicted from their homelands in the name of
development or conservation. Tribals are voiceless
and they are forced as bonded labourers. Laws such
as the BLA 1976, POA 1989 have to be realized.

54. 6. PEOPLE’S BASED APPROACH:
(Article 338-A of the Constitution):
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
(NCST), National Commission for Human
Rights (NCHR), National ST Finance &
Development Corporation (NSTFDC),
Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) and
Ministry of Women and Child Development
Monitoring the programs and consulting the
people on the impacts of schemes/policies.

55. 7. ECCE FOR ADIVASI CHILDREN:
(National ECCE policy)
NACDIP demands that the government must bring a
national policy on ECCE with separate chapter for
the rights of Tribal Children covering all areas
including scheduled and non-scheduled areas.

56.  Over 16 million children work in India and most of them
exploited very much in all aspects- many of them are We need to walk more!
SC/STs.
 Thousands of children kidnapped every year and many of
them forced into beggary. In all these unfavourable
situation the tribal girl child is badly affected including in
trafficking.
 No importance to Adivasi Culture and Non-Recognisation
of Tribal Mother Tongue.
 Early Childhood care and development is depended on the
community will/support.
 Government policy Vs bureaucrats.
 The National Policy for Early Childhood Care and
Education is not focusing tribal culture and identify and it
must have separate chapter to refer health and nutrition of
children and mothers, education of tribal children with
mother tongue with multi-lingual with values of adivasis.

57. The proposed ECCE must include our concerns in view with the adivasi children.
1. Need community-based Educational Policy for the rights of Tribal Children.
2. Education and Curriculum should be designed with adivasi culture and it should also coop-with new skills.
3. Special component plan should be developed for the rights of children age group 0-6 for early childhood care.
4. People’s Gram-shabas should be given authority for monitoring the ICDS, Anganwadi/Balwadi centers.
5. Playschool with tribal culture and identity should be treated as State Duty as Prime Responsibility.

58. Unite for Change!
Fight for Justice!!

59. Thank You
A presentation by Krishnan & Team