Part 3 of a 5-part slide series to accompany the book “A Manager’s Guide to PR Planning: A Practical Approach” 2nd edition by Patricia Parsons. The book is available from online book sellers and the publisher, Routledge. https://goo.gl/e1pGMH https://goo.gl/duz42j

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The following slide
presentation is designed to
accompany the workbook
“A Manager’s Guide to PR
Projects: A Practical
Approach”
2nd edition
© PJ Parsons 2018

2. THE PLANNING PHASE
PART 3
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3. WHAT THIS SECTION COVERS…
 Fundamentals of the PR planning process
 The “publics” of public relations
 Developing objectives for the plan
 The “core” of the plan: messages, strategy and
tactics
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4. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PLANNING PROCESS
TYPES OF PLANS AND HOW THEY FIT TOGETHER
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EVEN THE SMALLEST ACTIVITIES INVOLVE A DEGREE OF PLANNING
 Research
 What background information is required?
 Planning
 What specific public beyond the media? Purpose?
 Implementation
 How will it be distributed?
 Evaluation
 What kind of follow-up is required? How will you know if it has been
picked up?
Using the example of a news release…
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FORMAL PLANS: THE STRATEGIC PLAN
… broadly developed plans based on the
overall business plan of the organization and
designed to achieve broad objectives for the
development of relationships with the
organization’s publics…
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STRATEGIC PLANNING AS A MANAGEMENT PROCESS
 Strategic planning “…sets the
organization’s direction proactively,
avoiding ‘drift’ and routine repetition of
activities…” Broom & Dozier

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PR PLANS MUST ADAPT TO THE ORGANIZATION’S OVERALL MISSION
A MISSION is a succinct statement that
includes what the organization does, for
whom it does it and how it does it…

9. KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PLANNING PHASE
Defining & describing publics
Determining the overall goal & the specific objectives supporting the goal
Articulating the core message and any sub-set of specific messages for specific publics
Determining overall strategy & tools & tactics to fit within the strategy
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10. DELIVERABLES IN THE PLANNING PHASE
The plan framework
• The basic outline of the complete plan
• Can be used to communicate intentions to client
• Can be used to pitch a client
The plan itself
• The thoroughly researched, comprehensive plan that communicate the details
• Written in the planning phase including all four elements: research narrative, strategy and
tactics, how the plan will be implemented, how the plan will be evaluated
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11. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A “STRATEGY” AND A “TACTIC”?
The Strategy
• The overall approach
• Example: a social media strategy
• Example: a face-to-face strategy
The Tactics
• The specific vehicles within the strategy
• Example: YouTube as part of a social
media strategy
• Example: A series of town hall meetings
as part of a face-to-face strategy
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12. CONSIDERING THE “PUBLICS” OF PUBLIC RELATIONS
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13. DEFINING “PUBLICS”
A PUBLIC is a group of people who share a
common interest, demographic, or
psychographic characteristic, as defined by the
public relations function of the organization,
and whose actions are either influenced by or
have an influence on the organization.
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14. EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL “PUBLICS” (AS DEFINED BY PR)
 employees
 volunteers (in not-for-profits)
 members (in membership organizations)
 financial donors (usually in not-for-profits)
 investors (in publicly held corporations)
 media (traditional mass media, industry-specific
media)
 social media including online communities
 community (geographic or otherwise)
 government (various levels)
 regulatory bodies
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16. DEVELOPING THE PLAN’S OBJECTIVES
TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTIVES
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DEVELOPING PRIORITIES & OBJECTIVES
 Where are we now?
 Where do we want to go?
 How do we get there?
 How will we know when we arrive?

18. OUTCOME OBJECTIVES
OUTCOME OBJECTIVES are specific
statements of destination that assist in the
accomplishment of the stated overall goal.
They are clear, measurable, realistic, and
include a time frame.
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19. WHAT IS WRONG WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES?
 To improve the organization’s image by 30%.
 To have three open houses annually.
 To develop a Facebook page.
 To increase membership.
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20. HERE’S WHAT’S WRONG!
 To improve the organization’s image by 30%.
 Not measurable, not realistic
 To have three open houses annually.
 Describes a tactic rather than an outcome.
 To develop a Facebook page.
 Describes a tool rather than an outcome.
 To increase membership.
 Vague, no measurement included, no time frame
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21. THE IMPORTANCE OF “RELATIONSHIP” OBJECTIVES
 Public Relations exists, above all, to create and maintain
mutually beneficial relationships
 A strong, positive relationship between an organization and
its important publics will always support any other
informational/marketing/promotional goals
 Publics who feel positively disposed to your organization will
be more likely to change their behaviour in the direction of
your planned objectives
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RELATIONSHIP OBJECTIVES
 To what extent is it important that the public trust the
organization?
 To what extent is it important that this public feel positive
about this organization?
 To what extent is it important that this public believe that
the organization gives as much as it takes from them?
Consider the following questions as you decide on how to
set objectives about the quality of the relationships.
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PROCESS OBJECTIVES
 Process objectives are statements the describe
processes that may need to be monitored for the
effective selection, development and
implementation of tools & tactics.
 Examples (processes not outcomes)
 To communicate regularly
 To respond in a timely manner to online feedback.
 To monitor our Instagram account weekly.
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HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES…
Awareness/
informational
• Cognitive
Attitude/acceptance
• Affective
Action
• Behavioural
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25. THE CORE OF THE PLANNING PHASE
MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TOOLS/TACTICS TO CARRY THE MESSAGES
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26. WHAT IS A “CORE” PR MESSAGE?
A CORE MESSAGE is a succinct statement
of the core information that the
organization intends to convey to its
publics with the intended tone.
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Core Message
Public #1
Specific
Message
Public #2
Specific
Message
Public #3
Specific
Message

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MENU OF PR & COMMUNICATION TACTICS
Interpersonal channels of communication
Organizational media
News media
Advertising & promotional materials
Social media
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29. PLANNING THE SOCIAL MEDIA COMPONENT
A complete social media
strategy
Inclusion of social media tools
into a more general strategy
No social media component
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30. THE SOCIAL MEDIA PLANNING PROCESS
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•Identify target public(s)
•Identify SM platforms used by
publics
Research
•Articulate outcome objectives
•Articulate specific messages to
be conveyed
•Select SM platforms &
establish presence
Plan •Set up schedule for listening,
posting & responding
•Assign SM personnel
Implement
•Utilize relevant SM metrics
regularly
•Adapt plan based on
evaluation results
Evaluate

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CHOOSING THE RIGHT TACTIC(S) TO FIT INTO AN OVERALL STRATEGY
 What tactics will you use?
 How will these tools help the organization
achieve its objectives?
 Are they appropriate for the specific public and
objective?
 What resources will these tools require?
 Can you provide a rationale for the channels &
strategies you choose?
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Identify & describe focus public(s)
• A single PR project plan might focus on only one public or
might focus on several
• The narrative desciption of each public is derived from the
information collected int eh research phase
Propose overall goal& define specific outcome
objectives
• The goals is the broad direction and end-point of the plan.
• The objectives are specific, measurable, realistic & deadline-driven.
Articulate specific message(s)
• Each public has a specifically targeted message.
Describe the strategy
• The ovearll approach to communicating the message(s) to the
public(s)
Select & design tools & tactics
Summary of the
Planning Phase