Kantian Triangle, By Immanuel Kant Essay

Kantian Triangle, By Immanuel Kant Essay
Kantian Triangle
Liberals believe the causes of war are miscommunication, mistrust, and misperceptions. As a
solution, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, believed that to overcome international anarchy
and achieve perpetual peace, there needed to be collective action (interdependency between states),
and a federation of states in which state sovereignty will be left intact (international organizations).
However, for this to occur, states must have a democratic government. This later became known as
the Kantian Triangle.
Kant assumed that states would act in self–interested ways and that repeated interactions would
eventually lead to an expanding zone of peace – for example NATO. Like Kant's theory, the
Prisoner's Dilemma is a model that posed that after continued repeated interactions, states would
realize that it's in their best interest to cooperate. Economic interdependency, also known as
functionalism, proposes that states take cooperative ventures in nonpolitical areas such as the
economy and security. This in turn will lead to greater interdependence and eventually, greater
peace. Functionalism is a means to achieve peace now, starting with economic interdependence
through international organizations such as the European Community. It is also a strategy in which
international organizations, including the United Nations, use to promote interdependency and thus,
maintain peace. Consequently, functionalism is most successful under a democratic government.
Liberals
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Global Peace
We Smile in the Same Language
With a population of billions and more, the world is like one massive home to one big family. The
family members speak different languages, practice different religions, and have different lifestyles
and a different way of thinking. But they are a family. Do what you can, put a thousand more
differences, create a hundred more tribulations, they'll remain what they always were: A Family.
Even if they don't give regard to this fact, it won't change the truth; a family is a family even if they
live a thousand miles apart. This is my vision of a perfectly peaceful and harmonious world. A world
bonded together by true love, not by color, not by language not by religion, only by love. This is
how I want to see ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the point of it all? Don't these violence causing individuals realize that the world they are
trying to create, one with terror and fear in its heart, is the world their children and grand children
are going to live in? The people they kill, the innocents that lose their lives in this terror campaign
actually have nothing to do with it.
Youth has implausible amounts of energy. They have the ability to do the impossible, and if inspired,
they can change the world, change ideologies of people, and change them for the better. The youth
of today, if start trying to spread the righteous message of global peace, first at smaller level and
then at a much greater level, the unthinkable, unimaginable yet the sought after task of achieving
global peace might just become a reality. We can begin at our own minds, our own environments;
start taking initiatives, hold peace rallies as is done by millions of schools and organizations around
the world. After all just one hand can heal another; just one spark starts a

Harmony In Harmony
Harmony. As with all words, it is useful to return to harmony's roots. Harmony is derived from the
Greek harmos and the Latin harmonia: harmos meaning "joint", harmonia meaning "agreement".
When we think of something that is in a state of harmony, we think of components coming together
to produce a pleasing or complete whole. We think of old and new architecture blending in
harmony; we think of science and nature working in harmony. Perhaps most commonly, we think of
the sound of harmony when we listen to music.
Harmony in diversity means oneness in the varieties. Malaysia is a best country proving this concept
for many years. It is a country where it is very clear to see the concept of harmony in diversity
because people of many religion, race, culture and tradition live together ... Show more content on
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Actions speak louder than any words. If everyone starts living the peaceful, loving way, things will
change. But someone has to start and lead by example. Mahatma Gandhi once said, "You must be
the change you wish to see in the world."We can't rely on anyone else to do this. We have to do
these ourselves.Acceptance, compassion, and tolerance are the foundation of peace and
harmony.Mahatma Gandhi showed that peace ends suffering and oppression, not by warring against
an enemy but by bearing witness to wrongs and allowing sympathy and common humanity to do
their patient work. Nelson Mandela and Mother Teresa lived different aspects of peace, which was
proven to be a viable way to achieve great

Project For Perpetual Peace
'War. War never changes.' The tagline from the popular video game series, Fallout, suggesting that
although the weapons used and how wars are fought my change, conflict in human nature never
changes. Is war an inevitable part of global politics? According to Immanuel Kant the answer is no.
Kant would have us believe that a perpetual peace is possible. In this essay I will discuss whether
war is an inevitable part of global politics, and whether or not perpetual peace is possible, with
reference to the work of Immanuel Kant. The body of my essay will consist of four main sections.
What is meant by war and peace, in the global political perspective, Immanuel Kant's position on
the questions, and other theories and ideologies that would seek to ... Show more content on
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(Waltz, 1979, p.103) Neo–realists thus explain that state's serve their own interests in the
international system by following a strict code of self help due to the absence of any authority above
them. Possibilities for peace in the neo–realist perspective which is pragmatic in its view of
international politics amidst anarchy and security competition are limited. Unlike their neo–liberal
counterparts, neo–realists are pragmatic when it comes to discussions of peace in international

The Cold War: Canadian Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is a tool for tranquillity among nations ravaged by war. Following World War II, many
countries were open to many threats following the decisions made during the conflict and the
creation of new types of sophisticated warfare, such as the atomic bomb. The new age of civil wars
brought upon many countries to organize a new solution to orchestrate peace known as The United
Nations. The United Nations provided a forum for discussion among nations to discuss world
problems and economy. Canada was one of the countries that took part in The United Nations as a
member state while providing unique ways to stop wars. The end of the Second World War brought
a new chapter for the country as it was a leader in maintaining peace all over the ... Show more
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After Canada earned its name in peacekeeping, the country would continue to participate in various
operations around the world. For instance, the Canadian Armed Forces undertook many duties
during the Cold War–era. The Cold War gave way for Canadians to operate in war–torn countries
such as Rwanda during its time of genocide in 1994, and Operation Angora in Lebanon. In total,
over 125,000 Canadian Armed Forces personnel overtook peacekeeping missions around the
world.17 Additionally, these forces would participate in big post–war scenarios of the Cold War,
such as Operation Congo. After the start of the Suez Crisis, Congo was still in disarray due to
political and economic reasons.18 Belgian aggression encouraged the U.N. to send in their
peacekeeping force of 20,000 personnel in the 60's.19 Canada was also involved in sending in 300
troops and thousands of foreign aid workers.20 It was also the first operation where peacekeepers
could use lethal force but only in self–defense. Although the campaign for territorial advantage
ended in failure, Canada was able to provide aid to the sick and injured while inviting refugees to
their country during year 1996.21 A total of around 130 Canadians have lost their lives in this
conflict.22 The fighting in Congo continues today, however, the operation proved Canada to also be
an international asset to

A Study On The Mexican Drug War
The Mexican Drug War has cost not only human lives, but also the health of a country's economy. A
study done by Viridiana Rio, a Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University and an expert in
regional economics and rule of law in Mexico, states that "increases in criminal presence and violent
crime reduce economic diversification, increase sector concentration, and diminish economic
complexity" (Ríos V). The direct relationship between violence and economic activity hopes to
sharpen our understanding of the conflict's impact on Mexico (Bannon, I. and Collier, P.). Therefore,
detrimental economic effects brought to the public will be explored. Specifically, the detrimental
effects on workforce, foreign investments, governmental economic activity, and civilian lifestyle
due to the war shall be explored While the military and the government are actively engaged in the
drug war, they are faced with an insurmountable burden to spend a considerable amount of the
government's national budget towards deploying strategic military raids and improving security for
civilians. In efforts to tackle the drug war problem, the Mexican government's expenditure on
military, domestic security, and the justice system has steadily increased from $13 billion in 2003 to
$32 billion in 2015 (Mexico Institute). Although Mexico's priority is to promote peace and ensure
security for its citizens, civilians are frustrated by the fact that the Mexican Drug War, showing no
sign of improvement, has brought

Canadian Commitment In Canadian Peacekeeping
Canadians pride themselves on being a "peacekeeping country" and many believe that peacekeeping
represents a defining aspect of Canadian identity because it reflects fundamental values, beliefs and
interests. Canada has been a leader in peace operations since its development that spearheaded by a
Canadian. In fact, Canada's role as peacekeeper remains the main focus of the Canadian military
after its invention around 60 years ago, originally started by a Canadian. Their efforts have gained
an international reputation for Canada as a significant contributor to international peace and
stability. While Canada has an exemplary history in UN peacekeeping, the current extent of its
contribution, both in terms of peacekeeping personnel and percentage of funds to peacekeeping
missions, are on a clear decline. The belief that Canada is a peacekeeping country is misguided
because recent Canadian commitment shows a sharp decline in Canadian participation in UN
peacekeeping. Surprisingly, as of March 2007, Canada ranked 59th out of 114 countries in terms of
military and police contributions to UN operations. Despite Canadian declined involvement in
peacekeeping during the last decade, it still remains a valuable and important mission that greatly
deserves Canadian resources including monetary support, resources and personnel.
The Suez Crisis, about 60 years ago, was the world's first designated UN peacekeeping mission. It
was a significant advance within the United Nations and

Globa Global Humanitarianism
There's no direct meaning of "terrorism" as a result in global humanitarian law. But, global
humanitarian legislation prohibits several functions determined in armed struggle which may be
viewed enemy functions if these were determined in instances of peace.
As an example, purposeful functions of abuse against civilians and private objects constitute war
violations under global legislation, for which people may be prosecuted. That concept derives from
the basic concept of global humanitarian legislation linked to the security of civilians in armed
struggle, specifically the concept of distinction. Relating to this concept, all parties to a struggle
must at all times separate between
civilians and combatants. Essentially, which means episodes may be focused only at military
objectives, i.e., those objects which by their character, location, function or use make a successful
share to military action and whose overall or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the
conditions appropriate at the time, supplies a definite military advantage. Civilians lose their
security as civilians for such time because they participate immediately in the hostilities. ... Show
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Global humanitarian legislation also particularly prohibits "procedures of terrorism" or "functions of
terrorism." These prohibitions make an effort to spotlight personal offender accountability and drive
back combined abuse and "all procedures of intimidation or of terrorism." Based on the Global
Committee of the Red Mix, while a good lawful strike on a military aim may possibly distribute
anxiety among civilians, these provisions, linked to the perform of hostilities, find to forbid
"episodes that particularly make an effort to terrorize civilians, like campaigns of shelling or sniping
of civilians in metropolitan

Biblical Perspectives on Conflict Management and Peacemaking
OUTLINE
I. Introduction
II. Basic Conflict Concepts
III. Peacemaking
IV. The Author's Life Lessons
BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND PEACEMAKING
Introduction As descendants of Adam and Eve, one has a few realities to grapple with. This reality is
based in the fact that one has a sin nature. Sin is present and influences everyday life. The world is
evil, life is hard and conflict happens because sin is a reality of this world. One does not accept the
world just as it is but makes an effort to reform it. Life is difficult but one seeks means by which to
lighten the load along the broken road of life. One is motivated to exert resources toward ... Show
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they hold the most amount of influence. Therefore, it behooves leaders to assess the types of conflict
management so that, as the situation requires the leader can adapt the approaches for the most
positive outcome for all involved.
In his book, Creative Conflict Management, Donald Palmer identifies five main conflict
management styles. Each of these styles has certain pros and cons as well as appropriate times for
use. These five styles are: avoiding, accommodating, collaborating, compromising and attacking.
(Donald Palmer, Creative Conflict Management, 25–31)
Avoiding
This style involves simply staying out of conflict. It requires very little investment toward
relationships, passivity and unassertiveness on the part of the avoider. The avoider will run, hide or
simply withdraw to alleviate any pain that may potentially be accrued. The outcome is often that
conflict goes unresolved and bitterness may occur. However, this may be an appropriate response
when others in conflict are too immature to respond well, when conflict cannot possibly result in
positive outcomes or as a stalling tactic to allow time needed to settle emotions thus bringing clarity.
Accommodating
This style is implemented when an individual's focus is to maintain relationships–even at unhealthy
costs. The style often necessitates sacrificing the interest of the accommodator to appease the
interests of others. This style often

Pragmatic Pacifism And Peacemaking Must Be Seen As Parts...
Pragmatic pacifism and peacemaking must be seen as parts of a broad framework for building
cultures of Peace at individual and community levels. But how exactly can individuals make a
difference? Scholars of Peace such as John Paul Lederach [Led–er–rack] have identified three levels
of leadership that are essential to peacebuilding. First is the top–level leadership which includes
military, political, religious leaders with high visibility involved in high–level negotiations to
resolve conflicts. Second, are middle ranged leaders respected in various sectors: ethnic and
religious leaders, academics, intellectuals and humanitarian leaders involved in interventions such as
problem–solving workshops, training in conflict resolution, and peace ... Show more content on
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So, it would be safer for both sides to oppose war despite both believing they are on that side which
should resort to force in the quest for peace.
Herein lies the central dilemma of deploying armed force in humanitarian interventions for peace. I
have talked about the good that can be brought about by peacekeeping forces, even suggesting that
the United Nations Peacekeeping force in Rwanda should have intervened more proactively to
prevent the genocide in 1994.
But we also know that military humanitarian interventions in the name bringing peace to a country
in conflict can go horribly wrong. In 1994 President Clinton withdrew all US forces from the UN
peacekeeping force in Somalia after eighteen US soldiers were killed and images of their dead
bodies being dragged through the streets of Mogadishu were broadcast on television, horrifying and
infuriating the American public. For those too young to remember this tragic episode, it is well
documented in the Hollywood movie "Black Hawk Down." All UN forces in Somalia were
subsequently withdrawn in 1995 leaving that country to spiral into two decades of chaos and
lawlessness. Today, Somalia remains effectively a failed state.
The Americans were not the only ones scarred by the well–intentioned international efforts to bring
peace to Somalia. Here in Canada, we soon learned of the brutal beating to death of a Somali
teenager at the hands of

How Long Can War Be Avoided
Although many historians, politicians, and even teachers would like us to be optimistic upon the
subject of peace, there is no denying the inevitability of war. War and death are one in the same, they
both can be attempted to be fixed or cured, but in the end war is as inevitable as dying. Although
Obama's speech that brought hope for peace could potentially prevent a war today, it cannot prevent
what is in store for the future. For example following the first World War America pursued a number
of strategies with the goal of preventing war including the Neutrality Acts. However, despite
America's best efforts to stay out of england's affairs and war the United States fully participated in
the Second World War not even thirty years later. Conflict ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Conflict creates strong impulses such as fear and hostility, but due to the disapproval of society,
many people have quickly learned to not acknowledge them at all, not even to themselves, when
these impulses are involved in a conflict, the person is anxious, but does not know why. They are
then less able to bring rational thinking to bear on the problem which in extreme cases can and have
lead to war. We frequently experience disagreements with others that are left unresolved or dealt
with incorrectly. When in these disagreements we feel we must win the argument at all cost that is
when we see the break of warfare, both at a personal level and a global level. Once we abandon the
idea of resolving conflict, the inevitably, sooner or later, ignites into something much worse, into
battle.Obama's speech in Hiroshima may create long lasting peace with that country, however,
warfare is "engagement in or the activities involved in war or conflict", and it is hard to imagine the
prevention of warfare without conflict when dealing with radical groups such as ISIS. Although it's
nice to be optimistic and believe in long lasting peace, the reality is war is

The Global Level Of Openness Essay
Since 2008, the global level of peacefulness has steadily declined. The most recent Global Peace
Index report, which incorporates measures of negative and positive peace, reveals three causes for
this deterioration : terrorist activity, the number of domestic and interstate armed conflict, and the
intensity of the violence measured by the number of ensuing deaths as well as the number of
internally displaced people. Consequences of conflict necessarily impact the environment and
poverty and hunger which have a direct correlation with issues of social justice as per Gatlung's
positive peace theory. These findings continue to highlight the need to understand the risks of
occurrence violent conflict, as well as the early warning signs of onset in order to address the
underlying issues before civil wars erupt and degenerate into regional armed conflicts; thus affecting
global security. Although G–8 nations and multiple international organizations (such as the United
Nations, Organization for Security and Co–operation in Europe, African Union, Southern African
Development Community, Economic Community Of West African States, Intergovernmental
Authority on Development, Association of Southeast Asian Nations International Monetary Fund,
and the Wold Bank) are focused towards engaging in a war against terror as a result of the
September 11, 2001 New York attacks, they have also committed to conflict prevention. Therefore
evaluating the risks of civil war onset should also be a

The League Of Nations
Instructions
The League of Nations was made in the outcome of the First World War to elevate global
confrantation and to attain to universal peace and security. (Langholtz, 2010). It demonstrated
uniquely unsuccessful. The Association estranged the global forces who were vanquished in the
First World War and even neglected to hold together the successful partners; in fact, the United
States never got involved with the League of Nations. Amid the 1920s and 1930s, the previous
associates of World War I floated separated and incapacitated, while universal powers outside the
Alliance took to tyranny and rearmament. As the worldwide scene tackled more inauspicious
headings, the Association of Countries was weak to keep the world 's plummet into a Second World
War.
The UN was made after World War II. Like the Alliance of Countries, it was focused around the
presumption that the successful wartime forces would keep the global peace. Dissimilar to the
previous Class, in any case, the UN tried impressive endeavors to accommodate and acclimatize the
vanquished countries of World War II. Likewise, the quick development of its participation because
of decolonization gave new countries a voice and impact that they had never had previously. In its
prelude, the Sanction of the United Countries stated its objectives as expressed by Langholtz (2010):
To spare succeeding eras from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold
distress to humankind, and To reaffirm

The Fundamental Premises Of Realism And The Peace Through...
Name: Kelsey O'Connor Instructor: Barbara Wien
Mid–TERM EXAM Peace, Global Security and Conflict Resolution SIS–210, Fall 2016
VERY short answers please. Some only require a few words. Others are more complicated.
1. What are the fundamental premises of Realism and the peace through strength theory?
The fundamental premises of realism consist of the five basic tenants of state craft and core
assumptions of realism which comes from Morgenthau's discussion of realism. Those principles are
to deflect accountability, project modesty, don't compromise, cultivate the military, and to maintain
an external enemy.
2. What are the criteria for using military force under Just War Doctrine?
While there are no main criteria, there are a few that the Just War Doctrine follows. The criteria for
using military force under Just War Doctrine follows three sections with sub–categories following
them. Those three categories are jus ad bellum (what justifies going to war), jus in bello (how
combatants must act), and jus post bellum (how war must be terminated). Jus ad bellum
encompasses just cause, legitimate authority, formal declaration, among other reasons that justify
going to war. Jus in bello refers to the treatment of prisoners of war (POWs), proportionality, and no
atrocious weapons. Jus post bellum is about public declaration and authority and the ways in which
wars should end.
3. What is a "Paradigm Shift"?

Many Countries/Regions Around The World Strive To Have
Many countries/regions around the world strive to have a peaceful population however this is very
rarely achieved. Only eleven countries in the world have no violence or major conflict, and these
countries are considered 'peaceful'. In recent years, the deterioration of global peace has become
obvious with 2015 being a bad year for international peace and security. According to the latest
Global Peace Index report, in 2015, the world experienced the highest number of global battle
deaths for 25 years, frequently high terrorism levels and the highest number of refugees and
displaced people since World War II. Fighting wars (in order to gain peace) has a substantial affect
on the world and especially those involved in conflict. Three main ... Show more content on
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From expenditures recorded, in 2015 alone, the United Nations devoted $8.27 billion to
peacekeeping however this on totaled 1.1% of the estimated $742 billion of economic losses from
armed conflict. Other aspects of war that is costly include the expenses of losses of armed conflict,
homicides, violent crime, security and the police and sexual assault. Health issues are also a result of
combat and combat – induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) creates two–year costs of
$1.5 to $2.7 billion on the U.S. care system alone.
The emotional effect of war on soldiers was not explored greatly until the 20th century where
soldiers were studied psychologically. It was only at this point that it was understood how
significant war can be on an individual. Conflict has a large psychological impact on those who have
fought in war and PTSD is commonly associated with these people. Troops are at an extensively
higher risk of suicide or thoughts of suicide, depression and PTSD. This common disorder causes
the sufferer to experience/recall specific traumatic events of war and will react strongly to any
reminder/aspect of life that reminds them of this distress previously experienced. As a result,
victims' lives are very isolated and vulnerable as they are tentative to go to social events

Kantian Views On War
While readings from Thucydides, Aristotle, and Machiavelli provide unique insight in the way war
is justified in early civil society, the introduction of globalization into international relations leads us
to ask if early theories regarding war and justice are still relevant to new and complex power
relationships. For the purpose of creating practical connections, I intend to look at several possible
"jus in bello" applications of two contemporary military technologies: nuclear weapons and drones
(otherwise known as Unmanned Armed Vehicles). There are many cases of emerging military
technologies that raise valuable question in regards to just acts of war, but I chose these two in
particular because of they provide two seemingly opposing perspectives ... Show more content on
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In Perpetual Peace, Kant supplies firstly that "the suspension of hostilities does not supply the
security of peace, and unless this security is pledged... the latter... can treat the former as an enemy"
(111). He then supplies that nations never have a "right" to war and that "without a contract among
nations peace can be neither inaugurated nor guaranteed" (117). The argument that "the suspension
of hostilities" does not create long–term peace is not one that I intend to invalidate, but the case of
nuclear weapons does provide an example of its suspended use having acted as an effective deterrent
for military conflict (while still, admittedly, allowing for tension and ideological conflicts). The
Cold War and the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction between the US and the USSR forces us
to consider the ways that nuclear weapons could potentially create extended periods of peace simply
due to the notion that nuclear weapons might have symbolic power beyond the kinds of hostilities
that Kant imagined. Kant described here a "league of peace" that ensured peaceful actions among
nations, and while such leagues have and do exist now, we have not reached an era of global peace.
This is what makes the ideology of "nuclear peace" so compelling towards a Kantian perspective:
the argument that the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction can create international stability in
the face of major ideological conflicts does not ignore existing hostile sentiments but it does give the
concept of "perpetual peace" substance and practicality that existing international leagues cannot
always provide. Such a theory, however, while compelling, is ultimately flawed in that it assumes
that all

The United Nations ( Un )
Stephen D. Krasner, defined International Regimes as "Implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules
and decision–making procedures around which actors' expectations converge in a given area of
international relations." International regimes have the ability to change the nature of state
interactions as well as providing solutions to intra–state wars. An international regimes ability to do
this varies based on several different factors. These factors are influenced by the regimes foreign
policy and their standing in the international community, as well as binding international treaties,
such as NATO and the EU. A regimes military strength can also play a role in their ability to
influence their ability to change the nature of states' interactions, as well as provide a solution to
intra–state wars. The United Nations (UN) also plays a crucial role in the communication between
states. The most powerful nations within the UN arguably have the greater capacity to command a
strong global presence and have greater ability to interact and affect outcomes in intra–state wars.
The main international body with the ability to change the nature of states' interactions and provide
solutions to intra–state wars is the UN, more specifically the UN Security Council. Countries that
have disagreements usually discuss the issues within the UN, and the matter is discussed by all
member states with the aim of finding a resolution that both states can agree on. However the UN is
not always

Kant And Perpetual Peace
Kant is considered a Liberal because he applies domestic liberal policies that emphasize "freedom of
the members of the society" to the international system (Perpetual Peace pg. 4). By stressing the
need to respect each country's sovereignty, Kant demonstrates a tenet of Liberalism. Also, he
proposes a "federation of nations" that would work together and multilateralism is another facet of
Liberalism (Perpetual Peace pg 5). Kant argues for nations to adopt a "republican constitution" in
the hopes of becoming the "foundation" for a "perpetual peace." (Perpetual Peace pg. 4) His
reasoning is that if all nations were republics, citizens would have the power to "determine whether
or not there will be war" and would be much more analytical before

Rise And Fall Of The League Of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organisation founded on January 10, 1920 as a
result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international
organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its
Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling
international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Other issues in this and related treaties
included labour conditions, just treatment of the native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking,
arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and the protection of minorities in Europe At its greatest
extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February, 1935, it had 58 members.("Great Events of the 20th
Century").
The diplomatic philosophy behind the League represented a fundamental shift from the preceding
hundred years. The League lacked its own armed force and depended on the great powers to enforce
its resolutions, keep to its economic sanctions, or provide an army when needed. However, the Great
Powers were often reluctant to do so. Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant
to comply with them.during the Second Italo–Abyssinian war
, when the League accused Italian soldiers of targeting medical tents, Mussolini responded that "The
League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out."("League of
Nations Photo Archive.")
After a number of notable

Introtorical Analysis Of Elie Wiesel's 1986 Nobel Peace...
In Elie Wiesel's 1986 Nobel Peace Prize Speech, Wiesel exclaims, ¨Wherever men and women are
persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must––at that moment––
become the center of the universe.¨ I defend Elie Wiesel's assertion, during tragedies civilians focus
on the one tragedy at hand, wanting to intervene and solve. In the second and third lines of Wiesel's
speech he claims, ¨We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim....Sometimes
we must interfere.¨ The claim extends to show, civilians do not need to take sides, nor interfere.
Tragedies are spread by word, then extend past national boards, which help countries take sides and
interfere.
After tragedies occur, news is spread among civilians of the country and around the globe. The use
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During WWII, the United States along with many other of countries on the Allies side, interfered
with the crisis of Jewish concentration camps. In the book Night, an autobiography by Elie Wiesel,
Wiesel explains his story from the latter part of WWII. Towards the end of the autobiography,
Wiesel had a foot surgery which meant he was not to leave the camp after the evacuation. With
Wiesel's father by his side, Elie Wiesel left Auschwitz to Buchenwald. Wiesel later found out, ¨After
the war, I learned the fate of those who had remained at the infirmary. They were, quite simply,
liberated by the Russians, two days after the evacuation¨(Wiesel 82). Even if Elie Wiesel could of
been saved by the Russians earlier, Wiesel tretchured on and was not relieved until April 11, 1945
from Buchenwald. Wiesel states, ¨The battle did not last long. Around noon, everything was calm
again. The SS had fled and the resistance had taken charge of the camp. At six o'clock that
afternoon, the first American tank stood at the gates of Buchenwald¨ (Wiesel

Peace Is The Absence Of War Analysis
"As globalisation has helped to spread the culture of violence, it has also helped to spread the need
for global peace". The urge for peace increased so much that the strategy of winning a war at all cost
switched to the strategy where preventing a war became more important. Because peace is such an
essential factor in global society, adjectives are used to make the definition more detailed. Positive
and negative peace were a result from these adjustments. (Umoh & Udoh, 2011) The question I'm
going to answer is whether peace is merely the absence of war. In my opinion, this isn't true and I'm
going to explain my answer in this essay. Firstly I'll mention the renewed definition of peace, which
was a result of the new definition of violence. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no universally accepted authority who can decide what peace is. This result in the chance
that the definition of peace can be different between societies, groups and individuals. So for a
society which is in war and armed conflicts, peace can be the absence of war. But comparable, a
society which suffers from unfair structures and policies, sees peace as having justice and equal
opportunities. (Francis, 2006) Because peace has a different meaning for everyone, arguing that
peace is merely the absence of war would be oversimplified. It can be the meaning for some people,
but it isn't the general

Analyzing The Menace Of Mass Destruction
Analyzing "The Menace of Mass Destruction" Although many people carry on with their daily life
half indifferent and half frightened, their tomorrow's fate solely lies in their thoughts, actions and
decisions at the current time. "The Menace of Mass Destruction" is a speech that was previously
given by Albert Einstein to the General Assembly and the Security arm of the United Nations during
the second yearly dinner of the Foreign Press Association. Ideally, the speech is among the most
influential speeches ever given because it addresses critical issues that threaten human peace,
outlines the reasons for the mishaps, and provides adequate solutions to their problems. The speech
is the most effective since it focuses on the real issues affecting today's generations that in turn
determines the future generations' peace and stability. In addition, it gives guidelines into how
different nations can live peacefully without posing threats to the future generations. Furthermore,
Einstein's speech was effective since he grabbed the attention of his audience through the use of
various literary and rhetorical devices. He applies logos to pass on valuable information to his
audience. For instance, he notes that fear and anxiety result into hatred and aggressiveness. He also
asserts that fear and distrust usually fasten conflicts among nations. In addition, progressive growth
in technology has been the cause of the ever increasing instances of hostility, (Atomic

Peace As A Concept Of The Fundamental Problems Faced By...
'Peace' as a concept is seen through the lens of the fundamental problems faced by the world today:
war, armed conflict and political violence. By insinuation, peace itself is understood predominantly
as a negative concept, or as the absence of these phenomena (Atack, 2009).
Martin Luther King said that 'True peace is not merely the absence of some negative force – tension,
confusion or war; it is the presence of some positive force – justice, good will and brotherhood'
(King, 1957). Indeed, peace should focus on the positive social and political phenomena such as
integrity, equality and wellbeing. In order to create a peaceful world, humans have to strive for
positive peace, a condition brought about by establishing standards of justice, human rights, and
sustainable development in beloved communities (Harris, 1996, p. 386). Gandhiji too described his
ideas of peace with a focus on the positive, according to him peace includes:
(i) Peace implies the capacity to live together in harmony.
(ii) The creation of non–violent social systems, i.e., a society free from structural violence.
(iii) The absence of exploitation and injustice of every kind.
(iv) International cooperation and understanding.
(v) Ecological balance and conservation.
(vi) Peace of mind, or the psycho–spiritual dimension of peace. (NCERT, 2006)
These positive views of peace lead us beyond the limited negative associations the notion is
centered around. It is important to understand that the concept

Pros And Cons Of World Peace Essay
Introduction To Peace And Conflict Peace is when individuals can resolve their conflicts without
violence and can cooperate to enhance the quality of their lives. Peace is when everybody lives in
security, without fear or danger of brutality and no type of violence is endured in law or practically
speaking everybody is equivalent under the watchful eye of the law. The frameworks for equity are
trusted, and reasonable and powerful laws ensure individuals' rights. Everybody can participate in
forming political choices and the administration is responsible to the general population. Everybody
has reasonable and rise to access to the fundamental requirements for their wellbeing for example
food, clean water, shelter, education, human services and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
We have our own political, religious and personal ideals. We have our own opinions about how this
world should be and how people should live in it. Due to this we make hindrances, both physical
and mental, which stop us making worldwide connections and relationships. The most important
thing is that by nature human beings tend to move toward conflict. It's in their nature. Especially the
wars that have happened in the past have created a legacy of hatred that has carried on from one
generation to the other. Children at a very young age are taught to hate or differentiate between
people of different race, culture, religion etc. Our parents taught us we pass it to our next generation.
In this way it becomes a never–ending

The Conflict Of War And Peace
Intro
In todays society there are many conflicts,or disagreements these conflicts and disagreements need
to be solved. Some can be felt with by simply talking it out but others are on a global scale, and
these will need more than talking to settle. Some conflicts on a global scale can lead to war, and
others can be negotiated using peace. If you believe in only peace then you are a pacifist. Today's
society has war and peace as a solution to conflict but it is in everyones beliefs and values that will
help them to form their own opinion on weather they are a pacifist or they believe in only war or bits
of both, it is different for everyone .
P1–war
War is a large scaled, deadly, serious and emotional battle of conflict between two or more sides.
War involves weapons that kill, so the survivors are honoured especially if they are high up in the
ranks. War is "good for few, bad for most"Latuff. If you are fighting in war then your time is
precious as you only have one life. There are many dangers whilst fighting in war, there are risks of
gas,bombs, surprise attacks, snipers and shooting. If you are fighting then you are most likely going
to be sent out onto no mans land. Before and during the troops sending of on their attack a bagpipe
is played to block out the noise of men dying as they sprint. One man is left in the trench to kill
those who flee and turn around as this shows cowardliness. "if anyone turns to retreat, shoot them"
War Horse. Some are shot and left to

The Ever Increasing Urgancy for World Peace
The 20th century can be credited as being one of the most violent times in recorded history. There
were over 98 million war related deaths, which is about six times the combined deaths of both the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Orwell conveys each of these killings as "one mind less, one
world less." World peace would be an important goal to work towards. Many wanted to achieve
world peace, however, there were many different visions for how this could be accomplished.
Despite the many anti–war actions that occurred during the previous centuries, the twentieth century
marks the conception of an organized approach to global peace. Advocates of world peace believed
that with an ever increasing connected world, military advances, and ... Show more content on
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The first conference, for which the United States took an active role enacted three treaties. The first,
establishing the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The second treaty outlined the treatment of
prisoners and the citizens where the war was present. The third treaty focuses on the protection of
marked medical units and requires them to treat the wounded of the both sides of the conflict.
Focusing on the first treaty, arbitration was a natural for U.S. advocates of peace, dating back to the
Jay Treaty (1794). The process of arbitration allowed the U.S. to extend legal concepts to foreign
relations, without compromising U.S. freedom of action. One of the earliest arms control
conferences was the Washington Disarmament Conference, organized by Charles Evans Hughs who
sought the promotion of peace via disarmament and outlawry of war. With the U.S. being a world
power, though arbitration, the U.S. could levy this power with conflicting parties in hope of peace.
During this time, reduction of armament was an integral part of the Republicans' diplomatic
strategy.5 During the Washington Conference, Hughes pulled off a diplomatic tour de force, one of
the first major international agreement on arms reduction that has yet to be negotiated.6 After
months of negotiations, five countries agree to limit their number of battleships, establishing a 5:3:3
ratio in battleship tonnage to the United States and a reduction in

A Brief Note On The Khmer Rouge Regime
T By July 1992, the Khmer Rouge regime had taken a stance of "non–cooperation", thus causing no
PDK forces to be demobilized. Initially, the regime was on board for the disarmament process and
agreed to allow UN forces to mark minefields and enter UN vehicles and troops into the area.
However, once the process began and outside forces were to move in, the regime refused to allow
the Dutch and Pakistani forces into the area. The situation was made more stressful by the PDK 's
refusal, as demobilization of the other two factions was at a lower rate than predicted, weakening the
mission 's success. By 1993, the demobilization mission of the forces was stopped all together,
resulting in the FUNCINPEC and KPNLF forces to regroup and assemble ... Show more content on
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While the years between 1993 and 1998 lacked any implementation update of demobilization in the
peace agreement, it is evident that much of what was going on in the country was due to the halt in
the demobilization process.
Discrimination and mass murders of Vietnamese in Cambodia continued, and regional data on the
minority in the country illustrates the need for external actors to intervene. Hostage situations, ethnic
murders, large scale drug smuggling, and an immigration law that targeted Vietnamese in the
country are just some of the issues occurring in these 5 years. In June 1993 the Cambodia
Constitution was adopted and signed, which established Sihanouk as now King and outlined a series
of articles that aimed to address issues across the board. The articles protected free speech, human
rights of the Khmer citizens, sovereignty of the nation, and economic policy among many other
aspects. The anti–Vietnamese discrimination was rising in Cambodia, often expressed through hate
speech or propaganda of people who blamed the Vietnamese for internal problems of the country.
Vietnamese made up about 5 percent of the population, and although attacks and killings lasted for
years in this interim period and was a huge issue, the constitution still seemed to lack efficiency in
addressing this issue. By 1998, the process of demobilization began once again, this time with a
more intense, calculated time table. Along with international financial

Absolute Pacifism
Pacifism is the broad belief that war and violence are unethical and that disputes should be settled
with nonviolence. It is divided into three main sections: absolute pacifism, conditional pacifism, and
selective pacifism. The different branches of pacifism support its effectiveness as a foreign policy
because they provide different ways for nations to incorporate pacifism into their foreign policy. It
gives nations the freedom to choose how they want to include peace without being restricted to one
branch. For example, absolute pacifism is probably not an effective principle to dictate foreign
policy, but the fact that there are other forms, such as selective and conditional, makes pacifism
more effective as a foreign policy. Selective and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If pacifism was a set belief with no variations, it would be hard to adopt as a national foreign policy
and people would have disagreements. For example, if absolute pacifism was the only section of
pacifism, it would not be effective as a national foreign policy because it is unrealistic, hard to
follow, and puts the nation at a very high risk of invasion. However, the different branches within
pacifism make it easier to adopt as a foreign policy, because selective and conditional pacifism are
much more practical ways to interact with other nations. Selective and conditional pacifism allow a
nation to fight in wars, while still promoting ideals like peace and nonviolence. Therefore, the three
types of pacifism support its effectiveness as a foreign policy because they allow nations to select
which aspects of pacifism they want to follow in their foreign policy instead of being restricted to
one

American Military Intervention Against Isis
For many years ISIS has been terrorizing the East, with a few sporadic attacks in America claiming
to be a part of ISIS. This has been happening alongside the Syrian civil war where ISIS is attempting
to topple the Assad Shiite regime. Obama has been assisting the rebels in Syria and the fight against
ISIS, but he has been reluctant to put boots on the ground. Because of the new attacks on American
embassies in the East, the president has decided to militarily intervene. In accordance to Just War
Theory, this plan for American military intervention against ISIS is justified on moral grounds as it
follows all three parts of the theory. This is supported by the current global state and Bush's national
security strategy from 2002. The first part of Just War Theory is Jus Ad Bellum–America has a
morally righteous cause to go to war because it is motivated by defending civilians. Part of this is
that a just war can only be taken by a legitimate authority, most commonly a state. Not only would
the United States be a legitimate state, the president will have authorization from congress to start
this war, legitimizing a war against ISIS domestically. Another part of jus ad bellum is having a
"right intention" that is motivated by defense. This is the case for ISIS. In this scenario considering
ISIS launched a series of attacks against American embassies, killing hundred. ISIS has not and will
not just stop attacking civilians until they are forced to or they get what they want. A

Abc Triangle Research Paper
Since the mid–1980s, the three most powerful and wealthiest countries in South America have
experienced trends toward peace and stability. These countries are Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, also
known as the "ABC Triangle." However, relations among the ABC powers were not always cordial;
from rivalry and conflict to alliance and camaraderie, this intertwining and complex relationship has
spanned centuries. Given the anarchic structure of the international system, how and why did peace
unfold? Scholars believe that as a result of democratization, international institutions, and economic
interdependence, cooperation and nonviolence has emerged among the ABC Triangle. By applying
one of the major paradigms of international relations, liberalism,

Peace Is Complex And Multi Faceted. Peace
The notion of peace is complex and multi–faceted. Peace is not merely the absence of hostility,
violence or war, but encompasses a larger concept wherein there are various contributing factors
such as healthy international relationships, security in matters of global or economic welfare and
equality and fairness in political relationships. The nature of peace is also tied to concerns of the
causes for it's loss – be them social justice, economic inequality or political and religious radicalism.
By responding to these causes, Christianity and Islam reflect Fulghum's statement – innumerous
peace organisations, vocal individuals and guidance to inner and world peace are common in both
traditions, the basis for which can be found in their holy texts. In many ways, religion is an ideology
– a path – to peace. As such, Christianity and Islam, sharing a common foundation as traditions of
peace, strive to promote and create this through both their adherents' personal lives, and indeed
throughout the world. In the Christian tradition, it is believed that inner peace is essential to the
realisation of peace on Earth; 'the concept of inner, spiritual peace as literally embodied in the
person and teachings of Jesus Christ',1 as he told the disciples 'In me you may have peace' (John
16:33). Jesus extended peace to those who were in strife, and required us to follow him by '...making
every effort to live in peace and harmony with all men' (Hebrews 12:14). Only when these examples
are

Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet On The Western Front
An ancient Chinese proverb states "One cannot know peace without knowing war" (Herzberg). In a
time where all that plagues many nations was war, it was inevitable that a time of peace needed to
follow or at least the sober idea of it. The proverb was created to validate wars and later turned into
a way to approach life's troubles. Being within an individual or on a global scale, war and peace are
connected. They exist coherently but never together; they are the cause and effects of each other.
One follows the other yet both are needed in order to understand the other one. This relationship
between war and peace is developed in the Erich Maria Remarque's novel, All Quiet on the Western
Front. While the first major world war is the background ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
After losing a generation of men and experiencing the hardships of war, many peace related
objectives were put into place to prevent another war so destructive and disastrous. The road to
peace started with the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. United States President, Woodrow Wilson,
presented a drafted series of peace proposals called the Fourteen Points. The last point addressed the
possibility of having a group dedicated to peace and interactions among nations no matter the size
(Macmillan). This organization would stop wars like World War I from happening so that it does not
become part of the culture of the Western World yet again. While the idea of the league was
originally rejected, the Treaty of Versailles, the most significant treaty to come out of WWI,
established the League of Nations. Eventually, the League of Nations disbanded in five years after
the start of World War II and the United Nations was formed. Newton Diehl Baker, Woodrow
Wilson's Secretary of War argues that the lack of such a league to keep peace in 1914 is what threw
the world into the chaos of World War (Macmillan). Even Baker did not know the ramifications the
war would have due to the lack of peace structure until after the war

The Peace Corps Stereotypes
As a dark curtain of Communism, an ever–looming threat to the democracy and capitalism held so
dear to the West, spread over the world, America chose to combat with a peaceful solution in the
form of international youth volunteers. A stark contrast to American stereotypes of using violence
and warfare to achieve victory, the Peace Corps provided a unique way for young people looking to
further the United States' global position to avoid the bloodshed and gore of the battle field. By
making peace instead of war, the Peace Corps made a lasting impression upon its members,
America, and the world with its non–violent founding in the midst of global tension, its formation of
a connection between American volunteers and the cultures of host countries, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather than turn to violence, Kennedy started a program of peace and aid that allowed for
Americans to add to the world. On a political standpoint, these trips created strong diplomatic bonds
for America in a global war of philosophies. To this day, many consider the Peace Corps one of the
Kennedy administration's greatest legacies. By involving young adults in volunteerism of the less
fortunate, the Peace Corps was able to accomplish many of its goals, most pointedly removing
American stereotypes and killing the Soviet Union's communism with

The Treaty Of Versailles, The League Of Nations
Emily Braley Mr. Tracy, Mr. Tureff IB History 15 Dec. 2015 Which countries should become
immediate members of the league of nations or at some point thereafter? In the Treaty of Versailles,
the League of Nations was to be comprised of countries who were dedicated to preserving and
nurturing international peace; hence members were selected based on their perceived ability to
carried out this mission and many of the Allies were given the opportunity to join from the
beginning. Countries such as Germany and Russia were deemed unfit to be part of the League of
Nations and therefore were not immediately allowed into the League upon its establishment.
Germany, who, as a punishment for being the primary aggressor in the war, was excluded from the
international community and did not join the league of nations until 1926. The territory that was
formerly known as Russia was never allowed to join the League of Nations; however, the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was able to join in 1934. In our simulated discussion, it was
understood that the League of Nations was established to promote peace; therefore our class
generally seemed to follow in the footsteps of the actual conference; yet, there were some
noteworthy differences. To begin, Germany was be granted entrance into the League one year after
signing the treaty. This decision was particularly upsetting to France, since they had undoubtedly
suffered the greatest among the Allies, and were witnessing the extreme

Just War Theory: Catholic Social Teachings
Just War Theory; Marim Ibrahim Unit 3 Activity 3 This is a direct result of reflecting upon Jesus'
life. Jesus emphasized loving your enemies and constantly called us to peace. War opposes majority
of Jesus', and thus the Church's, main moral values which are clearly evident in the Catholic Social
Teachings (CST). Some of the CST mains themes are human dignity and the promotion of peace.
War opposes these themes, showing little regard for life with the death toll reaching new highs. In
the words of Pope John Paul ll: " war is the most barbarous and least effective way of resolving
conflicts." (Peace Message, 12). As God has revealed to us through his Son and the scriptures, life is
sacred in every ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In relation to the Just War theory, it is not much different. When a nation goes into war, it must
determine if the expected number of casualties and damages are about equal, or less than the good
that would be expected to come out of the war. For example, if an expected death toll is 1 million
people and the ultimate goal is to attain an old heritage house, then it would not be proportional and
thus the criteria of proportionality has not been meet. The bad that is expected to happen in the war
must be equal, or less than the good that will come out of it. Additionally, there is the concept of
proportionality during the war, not just before it. In this context, proportionality refers to only being
as aggressive as the aggressor. For instance, if someone is to push you, you cannot respond by
punching them as these actions are not equal in magnitude. This is very important because if one
responds to violence with an act that is even more violent than the original, the situation is bound to

Democratic War Thesis Summary
Bell engages two divergent arguments surrounding democracy, war, and peace –– the 'democratic
war thesis' and the 'empire peace thesis'. The two ushered in rich debates, with the former critiquing
the franchise of democracy, labeling it as war–prone, meanwhile, the latter working alongside global
imperialism.
The Democratic War Thesis argues a direct connection between democracy and inter–state conflict.
This argument, is however, split between a strong and weak variant, with the former claiming that
by nature, democracies are prone to war, while the latter notes democratic norms and structures that
offer avenues for conflict, as to facilitate war (653). Bell points out that as the U.S. public called for
war against Spain, "The people, it turned

Un Efforts At Violent Conflict Prevention
At first glance, UN efforts at violent conflict prevention do not look promising. Every time a dispute
escalates to major armed conflict in the world, the failures of the UN at violent conflict prevention
become evident. It can be true that the UN leaves much to be desired as a conflict preventer but at
the same time also be true that the UN is providing added value when it does devote resources to
prevent conflicts. Disputes over self–determination involve state governments and some ethnic
group seeking increased control over some territory in the state, which can include greater cultural,
economic, or political autonomy up to a demand for secession in order to form an independent state
or to unite with another state. Since the 1990s, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These findings of UNSC plans indicates that when the UN conducts more forceful action to a wider
regional conflict, its effect can considerably restrain conflicts outside that region. It is found that on
average, a UNSC resolution regarding the use of force in the previous year lowers the chance of a
civil war to almost zero, whereas the chances of civil war beginning when there is no UNSC
resolution is about 10%.
The United Nations' founders lived through the devastation of two world wars, and they created the
United Nations in the hopes of saving future generations from the burden of war. The United
Nations is often called upon to keep conflicts from increasing into war, or to help bring back peace
when armed conflict does occur, and to create lasting peace in societies that are emerging from wars.
When a dispute leads to fighting, the Council 's first priority is to end it as soon as possible. Often,
the Council has commanded ceasefire which has contributed to preventing wider wars. It also
deploys United Nations peacekeeping operations to help ease tension in troubled areas, keep
conflicting forces apart and create conditions so peace can continue after agreements have been
made. The Council may decide on enforcement measures, economic sanctions (such as trade
embargoes) or collective military action.
The General Assembly can make recommendations on the general rules of

Examining the Social Indicator of Public Spending on...
A nation is defined not just by geographic borders, it is defined by its citizens. Citizens are shaped
by the goods and services that are available to them. Any governmental service costs money;
therefore a nation's economy – and the spending of that money – works to shape the sociological
core of that nation. But how should that money be spent? One can argue that education spending is
important to a nation's well–being. During the 19th century US President James Garfield
commented that "next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which
neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained" (as cited in McPherson, 1912, p.192).
One way in which a nation's value for the importance of education can be ... Show more content on
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Not everything in Oman is halcyon; there are pressing environmental issues, mainly the
maintenance of an adequate supply of water for agricultural and domestic use. The fact is that there
is only "1 cubic kilometer of renewable water resources, with 94% used in farming and 2% for
industrial activity [...] and only 30% of all rural dwellers have pure drinking water. Both drought and
limited rainfall contribute to shortages in the nation's water supply".4 As these environmental issues
become more pressing, education spending may falter as money is put towards means of alleviating
a water crisis. Culturally, Oman remains strong. Jones and Ridout (2012) make the case that "the
key features of Omani social life that contribute to the formation of this culture of diplomacy...are
traditions of tolerance and non–sectarianism characteristic of Islam in Oman, the well–documented
prevalence of politeness as a social virtue".5 Now that we've examined the factors which both
influence and are influenced by education spending in Oman, let us turn to Georgia.
In the Eurasian nation of Georgia, total governmental spending on education amounts to 7.7%
(World Bank, 2010). However, I argue that the low amount of this indicator is not out of apathy for
the education of its citizens, rather political unrest is the main factor. After all, the current amount of

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